scholarly journals III.—The Miocene Insect-fauna of Œningen, Baden

1895 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 116-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel H. Scudder
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Insects ◽  
Nominal Species ◽  
Insect Fauna ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Fossil Insect ◽  
The World ◽  
Comparative Zoology ◽  
Louis Agassiz

Thanks solely to the labours of the late Oswald Heer, the fossil insect-fauna of Œningen is better known than that of any other locality or horizon in the world. But it is by no means so well known as it should be; for although Heer, in his latest enumeration of the specimens seen by him (Urwelt der Schweiz, 2e Aufl. 1879, p. 383), repeats precisely the same figures he has already given in 1861 (Recherches sur le climat du pays tert., p. 197), indicating in an interval of eighteen years no addition to his material (over 5000 specimens), his repeated additions to the number of species from that locality show that he had not fully worked over what he had. Indeed, thirty years ago, I arranged for exhibition in the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Cambridge a collection of nearly one hundred and fifty named species secured by Prof. Louis Agassiz from Heer, of which more than forty still remain undescribed; there are also a considerable number of merely nominal species enumerated by Heer in his Urwelt der Schweiz and elsewhere, duly catalogued by me in my Index to Fossil Insects (Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. No. 71), but as yet neither described nor figured. In addition to this it may be noted that in the enumeration referred to above Heer mentions 543 species of beetles, while less than 270 nominal species have yet been published from Œningen, and only seven species from the Swiss Miocene, included in the enumeration.

Revision of Mesojassus Tillyard, 1916, from the Late Triassic of Queensland (Hemiptera: Cicadomorpha: Membracoidea: Archijassidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4718 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-422
Author(s):  
KEVIN J. LAMBKIN
Keyword(s):  
Late Triassic ◽  
Nominal Species ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Insect Fauna ◽  
Species Definition ◽  
Fossil Insect ◽  
The Status ◽  
Size Groups ◽  
Taxonomic Changes ◽  
Artificial Nature

New specimens and a re-examination of their holotypes have clarified the status of six nominal species of the extinct membracoid family Archijassidae from the Late Triassic (Norian) fossil insect localities at Mount Crosby, Denmark Hill and Dinmore in south-eastern Queensland. The 57 available tegmina ostensibly attributable to one or other of the six species are remarkably similar in venation and only vary in size and to a lesser extent in shape. The latter character varies subtlety across a continuum and is of no use in species definition. The tegmina, however, fall into two distinct size groups, and in the absence of any other discernible or consistent diagnostic characters, these groups are adopted as separate species, acknowledging, of course, the artificial nature of fossil insect species based on the size only of isolated wings. The following taxonomic changes result: Mesojassus Tillyard, 1916 (= Triassojassus Tillyard, 1919, syn. nov., = Triassocotis Evans, 1956, syn. nov., = Hylicellites Becker-Migdisova, 1962, syn. nov.), Mesojassus ipsviciensis Tillyard, 1916 (= Triassojassus proavitus Tillyard, 1919, syn. nov., = Triassocotis stricta Evans, 1961, syn. nov.), Mesojassus australis (Evans, 1956) comb. nov. (= Triassocotis amplicata Evans, 1961, syn. nov., = Hylicellites reducta (Evans, 1956), syn. nov.). Mesojassus is one of the four genera of the subfamily Archija` ssinae, and differs from the Jurassic Archijassus Handlirsch, 1906, Mesoledra Evans, 1956, and Ardela Ansorge, 1996, in the separation of R and M well before the arculus (at the same level or slightly beyond in the others), the proximal position of dSc, well before the apex of the clavus (at or beyond the apex in the others), and the two-branched RA (simple in the others). The separation of R and M distinctly basal to the arculus, a character of frequent occurrence in extant membracoids, is proposed as a possible apomorphy for this otherwise most plesiomorphic genus of the Membracoidea. Mesojassus, the oldest member of the extant Membracoidea, is one of a growing inventory of genera from the Late Triassic of Queensland which are the oldest representatives of extant groups, adding further evidence of the Triassic as the dawn of much of the modern insect fauna. 

scholarly journals Mesozoic Coleopteran Faunas from Argentina: Geological Context, Diversity, Taphonomic Observations, and Comparison with Other Fossil Insect Records

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Belén Lara ◽  
Oscar Florencio Gallego ◽  
Lara Vaz Tassi
Keyword(s):  
Late Jurassic ◽  
Middle Triassic ◽  
Late Triassic ◽  
Animal Kingdom ◽  
Fossil Insect ◽  
San Luis ◽  
Fundamental Information ◽  
The World ◽  
Geological Units ◽  
Deseado Massif

The order Coleoptera is the most diversified group of the Class Insecta and is the largest group of the Animal Kingdom. This contribution reviews the Mesozoic insects and especially the coleopteran records from Argentina, based on bibliographical and unpublished materials (86 described species, 526 collected specimens). The material came from different geological units from the late Middle Triassic to the Late Triassic (Bermejo, Cuyo, and Malargüe basins) to the Middle-Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous (Deseado Massif, Cañadón Asfalto, and San Luís Basin). The coleopteran record is composed of 29 described species with 262 collected specimens (isolated elytra) mainly represented by Triassic species and only four specimens recorded in Jurassic units, all of them currently unpublished. These fossil coleopterans provide fundamental information about the evolution of insects in the Southern Hemisphere and confirm the Triassic Argentinean insect deposits to be among the most important in the world.

Coprophilous ascomycetes of the Oleshkivski Pisky National Nature Park (Kherson region, Ukraine)

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-91
Author(s):  
Lytvynenko Yu.I. ◽  
Romanova D.A. ◽  
Orlova-Hudіm K.S. ◽  
Hudіm A.O. ◽  
Vakal A.P.
Keyword(s):  
New Records ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
General Distribution ◽  
Mycological Research ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
The World ◽  
Leading Position ◽  
Nature Park ◽  
First Time

As a result of mycological research 34 species of coprophilous ascomycetes from 14 genera, 10 families, and 5 orders were recorded on the territory of the Oleshkivski Pisky National Nature Park. Among them 15 species belonged to the class Sordariomycetes, 12 – to Dothideomycetes, and 7 – to Pezizomycetes. Among the orders of the fungi, Sordariales – 12 species, Pleosporales – 11, and Pezizales – 7, occupy the leading position; the rest of the orders revealed the fewer number of species. Among the families, Sporormiaceae, Podosporaceae, Coniochaetaceae, Delitschiaceae, and Sordariacea, were the most abundant regarding the number of species and specimens. The species from the five leading families represent 64,7% of the total number of identified species. Among the found genera of the coprophilous ascomycetes, Coniochaeta, Delitschia, Sordaria, Sporormiella, and Triangularia prevailed by number of species, demonstrating much larger diversity, than others. Environmental conditions inside the park are more favorable for the development of loculoascomycetes and pyrenomycetes. The discomycetes species diversity was much less. The list of recorded fungi and their substrates is presented. All species of ascomycetes were collected on the hare and cattle excrements. Other dung types have not been studied. 31 species are new to the territory of the park, 15 species are new records for the steppe zone of Ukraine. Coniochaeta hansenii and Sporormiella tetramera are first recorded in Ukraine. Descriptions, illustrations, synonyms and general distribution are provided for them. C. hansenii is a fairly common and widespread species in the world, occurring mainly on the leporid droppings. In the park, this species was also collected on hare dung. S. tetramera also belongs to the widespread but rare species of coprophilous ascomycetes, known from isolated records in a few countries. It was collected on the hare excrements in the park. Сoniochaeta leucoplaca, Delitshia perpusilla and Triangularia comata were collected for the first time in the steppe zone of Ukraine and for the second time in the country. У результаті дослідження копрофільних аскоміцетів Національного природного парку «Олешківські піски» було виявлено 34 види грибів із 14 родів, 10 родини та 5 порядків. Це представники трьох класів: Sordariomycetes – 15 видів, Dothideomycetes – 12, Pezizomycetes – 7. Серед порядків найчисельнішими є Sordariales – 12 видів, Pleosporales – 11 та Pezizales – 7. У родинному спектрі грибів переважають представники Sporormiaceae, Podosporaceae, Coniochaetaceae, Delitschiaceae та Sordariacea, які об’єднують 64,7% загальної кількості виявлених видів аскоміцетів. Серед родів переважають Coniochaeta, Delitschia, Sordaria, Sporormiella та Triangularia. Екологічні умови території парку є більш сприятливими для розвитку локулоаскоміцетів і піреноміцетів. Кількість знахідок видів дискоміцетів є незначною. Представлено список зареєстрованих видів грибів, для кожного виду вказано локалітети та живильні субстрати. Всі види грибів зібрані на посліді зайця та корови. Інші типи копром не досліджувались. З виявлених видів аскоміцетів 31 наводиться вперше для території парку, 15 є новими для степової зони України. Два види аскоміцетів є новими для мікобіоти України та Східної Європи: Coniochaeta hansenii та Sporormiella tetramera. У статті представлено їх діагнози та фото, обговорюються деталі морфології, субстратної приуроченості та поширення у світі. C. hansenii є досить звичайним та поширеним у світі видом, що переважно трапляється на екскрементах зайцеподібних.На території парку також була зібрана на копромах зайця. S. tetramera належить до поширених у світі, але рідкісних видів копрофільних аскоміцетів, відомих з поодиноких знахідок у небагатьох країнах. У парку зібрана на посліді зайця. Знахідки Сoniochaeta leucoplaca, Delitshia perpusilla та Triangularia comata є новими для території степової зони України та вдруге наводяться для нашої держави.

The Biomass Reallocation Program

World on Fire ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 172-188
Author(s):  
Mark Rowlands
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Domestic Fowl ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Marked Change ◽  
Agricultural Expansion ◽  
Species Extinction ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
The World ◽  
Pastoral Farming

Underlying human-caused extinctions, past and present, is a vast biomass reallocation program. Before our Neolithic forebears began changing the world, biomass was distributed quite evenly among species of animals and plants. The tenure of humans has seen a marked change in this, as biomass became progressively concentrated into a small number of species—us and animals we eat. Today, 96% of all mammalian biomass consists in humans and the mammals that humans farm. An additional 70% of all avian biomass consists in domestic fowl. This biomass reallocation is the most significant driver of species extinction. The number-one driver of species extinction today is change in land use. The most significant driver of change in land use is agricultural expansion. By far the most prominent form of agricultural expansion is pastoral farming and the growing of animal feed crops. Eating animals is, therefore, the most important driver of species extinction.

Revision of the genus Corythalia C.L. Koch, 1850, part 1: Diagnosis and new species from South America (Araneae: Salticidae: Salticinae: Euophryini)

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4806 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-144
Author(s):  
STEFFEN BAYER ◽  
HUBERT HÖFER ◽  
HEIKO METZNER
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South America ◽  
French Guiana ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Nominal Species ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Incertae Sedis ◽  
The World ◽  
Primary Type ◽  
First Time

We propose a revision of the spider genus Corythalia C.L. Koch, 1850 (Salticidae: Euophryini) with a revised genus diagnosis based on examination of all species available to us. In this paper we redescribe all previously described species from South America with revised species diagnoses and describe 20 new species from South America (and the nearby islands). For C. latipes, the type species of the genus Corythalia, a neotype is designated. In total, 52 nominal species of the genus are herein treated, 46 species are recognized as valid. The females of C. waleckii Taczanowski, 1871, C. luctuosa Caporiacco, 1954 and C. latipes (C.L. Koch, 1846) are described for the first time. Corythalia sellata Simon, 1901, erroneously considered as nomen nudum in the present version of the World Spider Catalog, is here recognised as a valid species. Corythalia fulgipedia Crane, 1948 is also considered a valid species and is removed from the synonymy of C. tropica (Mello-Leitão, 1939). One name is considered a nomen dubium (Corythalia variegata Caporiacco, 1954), two are nomina nuda (C. major Simon, 1901; C. dimidiata Simon, 1901). Two species are transferred to other genera: C. argyrochrysos (Mello-Leitão, 1946) to Pachomius Peckham & Peckham, 1896 as Pachomius argyrochrysos (Mello-Leitão, 1946), comb. nov. and C. heliophanina (Taczanowski, 1871) to Neonella Gertsch, 1936, as Neonella heliophanina (Taczanowski, 1871), comb. nov. under incertae sedis. One species is synonymised: C. barbipes (Mello-Leitão, 1939) is a junior synonym of C. cincta (Badcock, 1932), syn. nov. The new Corythalia species are: C. conferta sp. nov. (♂♀, Brazil), C. concinna sp. nov. (♀, Brazil), C. drepane sp. nov. (♂♀, Brazil), C. drepanopsis sp. nov. (♀, Brazil), C. antepagmenti sp. nov. (♂♀, Brazil), C. ricti Bayer, sp. nov. (♂, Guyana), C. protensa sp. nov. (♂, Brazil), C. gasnieri sp. nov. (♂, Brazil), C. verhaaghi sp. nov. (♀, Brazil), C. scutellaris Bayer, sp. nov. (♂♀, Ecuador), C. dakryodes Bayer, sp. nov. (♀, Colombia), C. foelixi Bayer, sp. nov. (♂♀, French Guiana), C. longiducta sp. nov. (♀, Brazil), C. latior sp. nov. (♂, Bolivia), C. trochophora Bayer, sp. nov. (♂, Ecuador), C. lineata Bayer, sp. nov. (♂, Guyana), C. hamulifera Bayer, sp. nov. (♂, Ecuador), C. tribulosa sp. nov. (♂, Colombia), C. flagrans sp. nov. (♂, Brazil) and C. fragilis sp. nov. (♂♀, Brazil). Illustrations are provided for all of the new species and for all (primary) type specimens of the species re-described. Hypotheses of possible relationships among the different species of Corythalia are discussed. 

A first preliminary study of the shallow water sponge fauna from Cyprus Island (Eastern Mediterranean)

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4450 (5) ◽  
pp. 594
Author(s):  
COSTA GABRIELE ◽  
GIUSSANI VALENTINA ◽  
KLETOU DEMETRIS ◽  
KLEITOU PERIKLIS ◽  
PANSINI MAURIZIO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Water ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Sponge Species ◽  
Commercial Importance ◽  
The Past ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Mediterranean Areas ◽  
The World ◽  
Preliminary Study

Currently, more than 8,500 valid sponge species are reported in the World Porifera Database (http://www.marinespecies.org/porifera/) (van Soest et al. 2018). The Mediterranean Sea sponge fauna, counting almost 700 species, is one of the best documented in the world (Pronzato 2003; Pansini et al. 2011; van Soest et al. 2018) but the eastern part of the basin is by far less studied, in comparison with other Mediterranean areas (Pansini et al. 2000; Voultsiadou & Vafidis 2004; Topaloğlu & Evcen 2014). A small number of species, mainly belonging to the cosmopolitan genus Spongia (Dictyoceratida), are commonly used as bath sponges. Aim of this work is to provide further information on Cyprus Island sponges in general and on species that had commercial importance in the past. 

Redescriptions of three Milnesium Doyère, 1840 taxa (Tardigrada: Eutardigrada: Milnesiidae), including the nominal species for the genus

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3154 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
ŁUKASZ MICHALCZYK ◽  
WERONIKA WEŁNICZ ◽  
MARCUS FROHME ◽  
ŁUKASZ KACZMAREK
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome C Oxidase ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Nominal Species ◽  
The World ◽  
New Type ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Diagnostic Key ◽  
World Distribution

In this paper we redescribe two species (Milnesium eurystomum Maucci, 1991 and Milnesium tardigradum Doyère, 1840) and one subspecies (Milnesium tardigradum granulatum Ramazzotti, 1962), which we elevate to the species level. We establish a new type series for M. tardigradum sensu stricto along with the sequences of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and the internal transcribed spacer 2 region (ITS2). Moreover, we define two species groups within the genus based on the appearance of the dorso-lateral cuticle (the tardigradum and the granulatum group, with smooth and reticulated cuticle, respectively) and propose a system for denotation of the number of points on secondary branches of claws in the genus. We also provide a diagnostic key to all described Milnesium species and discuss the world distribution of the genus.

A review of the hyperiidean amphipod superfamily Vibilioidea Bowman and Gruner, 1973 (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Hyperiidea)

Zootaxa ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 280 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
WOLFGANG ZEIDLER
Keyword(s):  
Nominal Species ◽  
Minor Characters ◽  
Taxonomic Review ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World

A taxonomic review of the hyperiidean superfamily Vibilioidea is presented, based on material held by most of the major museums in the world. Three families are recognised as belonging to the superfamily. It is proposed to remove Cyllopus from the family Vibiliidae, based on the positioning of the antennae and other minor characters inconsistent with other members of the family, and to resurrect the family Cyllopodidae Bovallius, 1887 to accommodate it. Two species of Cyllopus are recognised in this review. The family Vibiliidae is restricted to two genera; Vibilia and Vibilioides. Seventeen species of Vibilia are recognised in this review, including two described as new to science. Ten nominal species of Vibilia, considered nomen dubia, are discussed. Vibilioides is considered to be monospecific. The family Paraphronimidae is currently monogeneric with two species. A key to all species is provided.

XLI. On the anatomy and physiology of the spongiadæ.—Part III. On the generic characters, the specific characters, and on the method of examination

1862 ◽  
Vol 152 ◽  
pp. 1087-1135 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Internal Structure ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
Systematic Classification ◽  
Numerous Species ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
The World ◽  
Differential Characters ◽  
General Action

While the arrangement of other branches of natural history has occupied the attention of some of the most laborious and talented naturalists of every age, the Spongiadæ appear to have scarcely attracted sufficient attention to excite any writer on natural history to a serious attempt at a systematic classification. This neglect has not arisen from any incapacity for a definite arrangement on the part of the Spongiadæ, as the organic differential characters of the numerous groups into which, by careful examination, they may be readily divided are as varied and as widely removed from each other as are the strikingly distinct and well defined divisions of the Corallidæ; and the number of species I believe to be very much greater than those of the latter class. Of British species alone I am already acquainted with 150 or more; and new ones are continually being discovered by the aid of the dredge. It becomes therefore a matter of necessity that we should classify their permanent varieties of structure, and found on them a series of orders, suborders, and genera, and through these subdivisions become enabled to recognize more readily the very numerous species of these animals which abound in all parts of the world. De Blainville proposed to include the whole of the Spongiadæ under the designation of Amorphozoa; but this term is objectionable, as all sponges cannot be considered as shapeless—on the contrary, many genera and species exhibit much constancy in their form. Neither can the term be justly applied to their internal structure, as we find in Grantia , Geodia , Tethea , and other genera regular and systematical structures which are very far removed from shapelessness. I have therefore thought it advisable to adopt Dr. Grant’s designation of Porifera, a term which embraces the whole of the Spongiadæ, and which is truly descriptive of the most essential general action of the animal's power and mode of imbibing nutriment, which in every species with which I am acquainted is, by a series of minute pores distributed over the external membrane of the sponge.

Checklist of marine and freshwater halacarid mite genera and species (Halacaridae: Acari) with notes on synonyms, habitats, distribution and descriptions of the taxa

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 1998 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
ILSE BARTSCH
Keyword(s):  
Brackish Water ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
Species Inquirendae

At the end of 2007, the family Halacaridae, superfamily Halacaroidea, included 1118 valid species in 63 genera. The genera and the number of species (in parentheses) are: Acanthohalacarus (1), Acanthopalpus (2), Acarochelopodia (8), Acaromantis (11), Acarothrix (5), Actacarus (24), Agaue (42), Agauides (2), Agauopsis (85), Anomalohalacarus (19), Arenihalacarus (1), Arhodeoporus (31), Astacopsiphagus (1), Atelopsalis (7), Australacarus (5), Bathyhalacarus (12), Bradyagaue (17), Camactognathus (3), Caspihalacarus (1), Coloboceras (3), Colobocerasides (2), Copidognathides (3), Copidognathus (359), Corallihalacarus (1), Enterohalacarus (1), Halacarellus (47), Halacaroides (2), Halacaropsis (5), Halacarus (75), Halixodes (3), Hamohalacarus (1), Himejacarus (1), Isobactrus (26), Limnohalacarus (13), Lobohalacarus (6), Lohmannella (36), Metarhombognathus (2), Mictognathus (3), Parasoldanellonyx (3), Parhalixodes (2), Pelacarus (1), Peregrinacarus (2), Phacacarus (1), Porohalacarus (2), Porolohmannella (1), Rhombognathides (6), Rhombognathus (103), Ropohalacarus (1), Scaptognathides (11), Scaptognathus (30), Simognathus (45), Soldanellonyx (9), Spongihalacarus (1), Stygohalacarus (1), Thalassacarus (1), Thalassarachna (14), Thalassophthirius (1), Troglohalacarus (1), Tropihalacarus (2), Werthella (10), Werthelloides (1), Winlundia (2), and Xenohalacarus (1). More than 1000 species live in marine and brackish water and almost 60 species exclusively in fresh or oligohaline to mesohaline brackish water (< S18‰). The checklist presents names used for halacarid genera and species of the world, names recognized as valid, synonyms, nomina nuda, names of species inquirendae and species erroneously attributed to the family Halacaridae. All valid species are supplemented with distributional data, namely, biogeographical provinces, depth zones and habitats, and references of descriptions of genera and species.

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