Clay Mineralogy of Selected Clays from the English Wealden

1962 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Tank
Keyword(s):  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Mixed Layer ◽  
Mineral Assemblage ◽  
Depositional Environment ◽  
Clay Mineralogy ◽  
Source Area ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Layer Structures ◽  
Clay Mineral Assemblage

AbstractX-ray analyses of selected samples from the argillaceous subdivisions of the English Wealden indicate that illite, kaolinite, and mixed-layer structures are present in variable amounts. The clay mineral assemblage is thought to reflect parent material, weathering conditions in the source area, and possibly some degrading of the illite structure by the action of active waters in the depositional environment. The specific clay minerals are tentatively correlated with the palaeogeographical framework proposed by Allen (1954). It is suggested that the kaolinite was derived mainly from the Palaeozoic uplands, and the bulk of the illite and mixed-layer structures from the marginal Jurassic lowland.

scholarly journals Clay Mineralogy of some Lower Tertiary (Paleogene) Sediments from Denmark

1963 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 1-45
Author(s):  
R. W Tank
Keyword(s):  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Mixed Layer ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Amorphous Material ◽  
Clay Mineralogy ◽  
Source Area ◽  
Lower Eocene ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Volcanic Material ◽  
Zone Ii

108 samples from the Paleogene rocks of Denrnark were examined by standard X-ray techniques and their clay suites form the basis of the present study. The X-ray data have permitted a three-fold mineralogical zonation of the Danish Paleogene.The oldest zone (Zone I) is characterized by a high montmorillonite content, minor or trace amounts of illite and segregated mixed-layer clay minerals and the absence of kaolinite. The boundaries of Zone I coincide with the Paleocene Series. The clay minerals are detrital and are derived from a carbonate terrain bordering the Fennoscandian massif. Diagenetic changes in the marine environment and segregation by sorting and floculation are important factors accounting for the high montmorillonite content.A middle zone (Zone Il) is characterized by the predominance of amorphous material. Minor amounts of montmorillonite, illite and kaolinite are present and represent alteration produets of volcanic ash. Zone II is restricted to the Mo Clay Formation.The youngest zone (Zone III) contains variable amounts of montmorillonite, illite, kaolinite and random mixed-layer montmorillonite-illite. The boundaries of Zone III appear to extend from the lower Eocene to the Miocene. The clay minerals of Zone III are products of the alteration of the volcanic material of the Fennoscandian massif. Changes in the conditions of the source area and the physical environment of deposition account for the mineralogical variations.

X-ray Examination of some Clays from the London Platform

1964 ◽  
Vol 101 (6) ◽  
pp. 535-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Tank
Keyword(s):  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Clay Mineral ◽  
Mineral Assemblage ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Clay Mineral Assemblage

AbstractX-ray analyses of Kimmeridgian clays recovered from the Warlingham Number 1 Borehole indicate that illite and kaolinite are the dominant clay minerals present. Illite, chlorite, and kaolinite, are present in the Devonian clays recovered from the Willesden Number 1 Borehole. The relationships between the clay minerals of the Kimmeridgian and Devonian clays and the clay mineral assemblage of the English Wealden is discussed.

scholarly journals The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis for the clay mineralogy studies in a clastic reservoir

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Golnaz Jozanikohan ◽  
Mohsen Nosrati Abarghooei
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Mixed Layer ◽  
Evaluation Studies ◽  
Clay Mineralogy ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared ◽  
Ftir Analysis ◽  
X Ray

AbstractThe complete characteristics knowledge of clay minerals is necessary in the evaluation studies of hydrocarbon reservoirs. Ten samples taken from two wells in a heterogeneous clastic gas reservoir formation in NE Iran were selected to conduct the transmission Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) tests for the clay mineralogy studies. The FTIR analysis showed that there were clear signs of clay minerals in all samples. The wavenumber region of the clay minerals in FTIR tests was detected to be 3621, 3432, 1034, and 515 cm−1 for illite, 3567, 3432, 1613, 1088, 990, 687, 651, and 515 cm−1 for magnesium-rich chlorite, 3700, 3621, 3432, 1034, 687, and 463 cm−1 for kaolinite, and 3567, 1088, 990, and 463 cm−1 for glauconite. After screening of samples by the FTIR method, the samples were then analyzed by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The PXRD and SEM result showed illite was by far the most common clay present. Kaolinite, magnesium-rich chlorite, and traces of smectite and the mixed-layer clays of both the illite–smectite and chlorite-smectite types were also recognized. The combination of PXRD and WDXRF results could quantify the clay abundances in the each well too. It was concluded that the FTIR analysis successfully could show the absorption bonds of all constituent clays. However, the infrared absorption spectra of mixed-layer clays overlapped those of the respective constituents of each mixed-layer minerals. This can be considered as the evidence of the usefulness of FTIR technique in the screening of the samples for the clay mineralogy studies.

Clay minerals in the agricultural surface soils in the Central United States

Clay Minerals ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Velde
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Clay Mineralogy ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Charge Site ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Central United States

AbstractA survey of the clay fraction at the surface of 86 loam and silt loam agricultural soils from the Central United States was undertaken to observe the possible influences of climate and parent material (dominantly phyllosilicates in this study) on the clay mineralogy of the upper portions of the soils, for the most part in Mollisol–Alfisol order soils.Decomposed X-ray diffraction spectra show that the most abundant clay minerals are two disordered illite-smectite (I-S) minerals, one with ∼50% smectite layers and another, less abundant, disordered I-S phase with 20% smectite. These minerals usually co-exist in the same samples. The charge site in both of these I-S minerals is both beidellitic and montmorillonitic in the expanding layers. A relatively large proportion of these smectite layers (up to 20%) are of high charge.There seems to be a convergence in mineralogy towards mixed-layer phases formed under a range of mid-Continent climates from a range of phyllosilicate parent materials.

Clay minerals and geomorphology in four Caribbean islands

Clay Minerals ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Beaven ◽  
M. J. Dumbleton
Keyword(s):  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Clay Mineral ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Mineral Assemblage ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Caribbean Islands ◽  
Clay Mineral Assemblage ◽  
Mineral Analyses ◽  
Clay Type

AbstractClay mineral analyses of Caribbean soils illustrate the differences in composition that can arise from differences in topography and parent material, and emphasize the differences between the groups of proposed new engineering classifications of the soils based on these factors. Within one set of environmental conditions the clay mineral assemblage was reasonably constant. Examples are given of local differences in clay type which were correlated with variations in climate and mode of formation.

THE CLAY MINERALS IN SOME BRITISH COLUMBIA SUBSOILS

1962 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 296-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Clark ◽  
J. E. Brydon ◽  
H. J. Hortie
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Diffraction Analysis ◽  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Clay Mineralogy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
The South ◽  
Parent Materials ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Northeastern Part ◽  
Montmorillonitic Clay

X-ray diffraction analysis was used to identify the clay minerals present in fourteen subsoil samples that were selected to represent some more important clay-bearing deposits in British Columbia. The clay mineralogy of the subsoils varied considerably but montmorillonitic clay minerals tended to predominate in the water-laid deposits of the south and illite in the soil parent materials of the Interior Plains region of the northeastern part of the Province.

scholarly journals Clay Mineralogy and Geochemistry of the Pockmarked Surface Sediments from the Southwestern Xisha Uplift, South China Sea: Implications for Weathering and Provenance

Geosciences ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Mei Zhang ◽  
Hongfeng Lu ◽  
Qing Chen ◽  
Gayan Bandara ◽  
Hui Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
Clay Minerals ◽  
South China ◽  
Surface Sediments ◽  
Northern South China Sea ◽  
Clay Mineralogy ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
X Ray ◽  
China Sea

In the northern South China Sea, pockmarks are widely distributed on the seabed offshore on the southwestern Xisha Uplift. The mineralogy and geochemistry of the clay minerals and surface sediments from the pockmark field were identified using X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis to trace the provenance, weathering, and sediment transportation system in the area. The clay minerals are primarily comprised of illite, smectite, kaolinite, and chlorite, showing a distribution of average weight percentages of 35%, 35%, 18%, and 13%, respectively. Based on the surrounding fluvial drainage basins and various transport mechanisms (current or monsoon), illite and chlorite primarily originate from rivers in Taiwan and the Mekong and Red Rivers. Kaolinite primarily originates from the Pearl River, and smectite derived from the Luzon arc system is primarily transported by surface currents with significant influence from the Kuroshio intrusion.

Clay Minerals Associated with the Precambrian Gowganda Formation of Ontario

Clay Minerals ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Tank ◽  
L. McNeely
Keyword(s):  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Mixed Layer ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Grade Metamorphism ◽  
Layer Material

AbstractX-ray analyses indicate that chlorite, illite and mixed-layer chloritesmectite are present in the < 2μ fraction of the Precambrian Gowganda Formation near Bruce Mines, Ontario. The mixed-layer material is restricted to the porous graywacke sandstones and is epigenetic in origin. The chlorite and illite are ubiquitous and may reflect high-grade diagenesis, low-grade metamorphism or a source rich in these minerals.

Possible effects of land use on the clay mineralogy of a brown forest soil

Clay Minerals ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 663-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Bain ◽  
D. T. Griffen
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Clay Mineralogy ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Brown Forest Soil ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Effects Of Land Use ◽  
Brown Forest Soils

AbstractThree soil profiles classed as brown forest soils on schistose parent material, in close proximity but under different land uses, have been studied. The profile under 50 year-old Sitka spruce trees is the most acidic, the second profile under rough grassland is less acidic, and the third profile in an arable field which has been fertilized is the least acidic. The clay fractions (ς μm) of all three profiles are very similar. However, computer simulations of the X-ray diffraction patterns of clay phases using a modified version of NEWMOD revealed two possible weathering trends: (1) an increasing proportion of vermiculite in interstratified mica-vermiculite in the upper horizons of the arable and forested soils; (2) formation of high-charge corrensite by weathering of chlorite in all three profiles but least pronounced in the arable soil. The differences in clay mineralogy amongst the profiles are minor, but these two different weathering trends may be due to the effects of different land use.

scholarly journals Clay minerals in sediments from contact zones with basalt sills

2019 ◽  
pp. 234-247
Author(s):  
V. B. Kurnosov ◽  
B. A. Sakharov ◽  
A. R. Geptner ◽  
Yu. I. Konovalov ◽  
E. O. Goncharov
Keyword(s):  
Phase Composition ◽  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Mixed Layer ◽  
Gulf Of California ◽  
Layered Silicates ◽  
Total Thickness ◽  
Upper Pleistocene ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Trioctahedral Smectite

Clay minerals (fraction <0.001 mm) of Upper Pleistocene clayey-sandy-silty sediments recovered by DSDP Holes 481 and 481A in the Northern Trough, Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California, were studied by X-ray based on the modeling of diffraction patterns and their comparison with experimental diffractograms. Terrigenous clay minerals are represented mainly by dioctahedral micaceous varieties (mixed-layer disordered illite-smectites, illite) with the chlorite admixture and by kaolinite in the upper section of unaltered sediments. Intrusion of hot basalt sills (total thickness of the complex is about 27 m) provoked alterations in the phase composition of clay minerals in sediments (7.5 m thick) overlying the sill complex. These sediments include newly formed triooctahedral layered silicates (mixed-layer chlorite-smectites, smectite). Sediments inside the sill complex include trioctahedral mixed-layer mica-smtctite-vermiculite or trioctahedral smectite. The trioctahedral mixed-layer chlorite-smectite coexisting with smectite was found in a single sample of the same complex.

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