Philosophy

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-133
Author(s):  
Matthew Duncombe
Keyword(s):  
Prior Knowledge ◽  
Ancient Philosophy ◽  
Cognitive Achievement ◽  
Doxastic Attitude ◽  
High Level ◽  
It Knowledge

Sarah Broadie writes on ‘The Knowledge Unacknowledged in the Theaetetus’ for Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy. Her paper makes two main claims: first, that Plato in the Theaetetus rejects the ‘additive’ picture for knowledge, namely, that knowledge is true judgement with something else (e.g. an account); and second, that in the Theaetetus true judgement relies on prior knowledge, especially if that knowledge is arrived at methodically. Thus, true judgement is not necessary for knowledge and sometimes knowledge is necessary for true judgement. Broadie's argument, roughly, is that, in the Theaetetus, true judgement is already a high-level epistemic achievement. She has a number of pieces of evidence for this. The first is Theaetetus 189e4–190a6, where Socrates stresses that a judgement is an assertion that results from a soul having a silent, internal debate. Broadie infers from this that a judgement involves reasons even if those reasons are not good reasons; judgement, for Plato, is more than a mere doxastic attitude (95–6). This already looks unfriendly to the additive picture. Once I have a judgement I have reasons, and when I have a true judgement, I have good reasons. If I have good reasons then what I have is reliable and secure. So, what more could I add to upgrade this cognitive achievement to make it knowledge? Broadie goes on to explore the alternative to the additive picture given in the Sophist and the Statesman. There it turns out that there may be topics that simply cannot be captured by the additive picture: cases where there must be knowledge of an object in the absence of true judgements about that object. This is Broadie's knowledge unacknowledged.

scholarly journals Enhancing Students’ Confidence in Employability Skills through the Practice of “Recall, Adapt and Apply”

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Alison J. Sinclair
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
Prior Knowledge ◽  
Employability Skills ◽  
Project Work ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
Essential Step ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
High Level ◽  
Fail Safe ◽  
Safe Set

The ability to apply prior knowledge to new challenges is a skill that is highly valued by employers, but the confidence to achieve this does not come naturally to all students. An essential step to becoming an independent researcher requires a transition between simply following a fail-safe set of instructions to being able to adapt a known approach to solve a new problem. Practical laboratory classes provide an ideal environment for active learning, as the primary learning objective of these teaching sessions is to gain skills. However, laboratory handbooks can be presented as a series of fail-safe recipes. This aids the smooth running of practical classes but misses the opportunity to promote engagement with the underlying theory and so develop confidence in recalling approaches and adapting them to a new problem. To aid the development of employability skills, a practical laboratory series was developed for Bioscience teaching that requires on-the-spot decision-making, the recall of skills and their adaptation to new challenges. After using this approach, the proportion of student’s expressing a high level of confidence with each of eight key employability skills rose by between 9 and 35% following the practical sessions, showing that the approach of recalling, adapting then applying prior knowledge and skills can increase the confidence that students have in their employability related skills. The approach was developed for use within biological sciences practical laboratories but the principles can be adapted to any discipline involving project work.

Leveraging Prior Knowledge for Effective Design-Space Exploration in High-Level Synthesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (11) ◽  
pp. 3736-3747
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Ferretti ◽  
Jihye Kwon ◽  
Giovanni Ansaloni ◽  
Giuseppe Di Guglielmo ◽  
Luca P. Carloni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prior Knowledge ◽  
Design Space Exploration ◽  
Design Space ◽  
Space Exploration ◽  
High Level Synthesis ◽  
High Level ◽  
Effective Design

scholarly journals Activating students’ prior knowledge of basic science concepts on animal and human system organ

Biosfer ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 280-291
Author(s):  
Mochammad Ahied ◽  
Aida Fikriyah ◽  
Irsad Rosidi ◽  
Laila Khamsatul Muharrami
Keyword(s):  
Prior Knowledge ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Basic Science ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Average Score ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
Initial Learning ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive ◽  
High Level

This study aimed to analyze students' prior knowledge of basic science subjects, especially in organ systems concepts in animals and humans. This research was conducted on the lecture of Basic Science toward 46 students in Science Education class. Data were collected using a diagnostic test consisting of 12 essay questions in the first meeting before the learning process was implemented. Furthermore, findings obtained in this study were analyzed using quantitative descriptive method. Findings of the study indicated that students’prior knowledge reached a low level, with 4.8 on the average score. From out of 46 students in this study, six students reached high prior knowledge score. In contrast, 40 students reached below a high level. It can be concluded that students do not have great prior knowledge. It should be stimulated continually in every initial learning process to comprehend the new concepts during learning activities easily.

Assessing Pre-Service Teachers´ Information Technology (IT) Preparedness at Universiti Putra Malaysia

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su Luan Wong ◽  
Kamariah Abu Bakar ◽  
Ramlah Hamzah ◽  
Rohani Ahmat Tarmizi ◽  
Sai Hong Tang
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Multiple Choice ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
Extreme Groups ◽  
Multiple Choice Items ◽  
High Level ◽  
It Knowledge ◽  
It Skills

Penyelidikan ini mengkaji kesediaan guru praperkhidmatan terhadap teknologi maklumat di Universiti Putra Malaysia. Kesediaan terhadap teknologi maklumat dalam kajian ini adalah diukur dalam tiga domain iaitu kemahiran teknologi maklumat guru, pengetahuan teknologi maklumat dan sikap mereka terhadap teknologi maklumat. Tiga ratus dan enam puluh mahasiswa dan mahasiswi yang mengambil bidang pendidikan sebagai major mengambil bahagian dalam kajian ini. Kajian ini menggunakan instrumen yang mengandungi 74 item yang berasaskan tugasan, 25 item pelbagai pilihan dan 34 item skala Likert untuk mengukur kemahiran IT, pengetahuan dan sikap masing-masing. Dapatan kajian mendapati bahawa kesedian teknologi maklumat guru-guru adalah tinggi. Secara spesifik, majoriti guru-guru mempunyai kemahiran teknologi maklumat yang tinggi, tahap pengetahuan IT yang memadai dengan sikap yang sangat positif terhadap teknologi maklumat. Hasil kajian juga menunjukkan wujud dua kumpulan yang ekstrim, mereka yang mempunyai kecekapan yang tinggi dalam alat produktiviti dan mereka yang tidak cekap. Kata kunci: kesediaan IT; kemahiran IT; pengetahuan IT; sikap terhadap IT; guru pra perkhidmatan This study examined pre-service teachers´ IT preparedness at Universiti Putra Malaysia. IT preparedness is measured in terms of their actual IT skills, knowledge and attitudes toward IT. Three hundred and sixty undergraduate students majoring in education participated in this study. This study used an instrument comprising 74 task based items, 25 multiple choice items and 34 Likert scale items to measure IT skills, knowledge and attitudes respectively. The result suggested that the pre-service teachers are highly IT prepared. More specifically, the majority of them have a high level of IT skills, reasonable level of IT knowledge with positively high attitudes toward IT. The result also revealed that two extreme groups existed, those who are highly proficient in certain productivity tools and those who are not. Key words: IT preparedness; IT skills; knowledge about IT; attitudes toward IT; pre-service teachers

scholarly journals Effect of Trainee Performance Data on Standard-Setting Judgments Using the Mastery Angoff Method

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart B. Prenner ◽  
William C. McGaghie ◽  
Sarah Chuzi ◽  
Eric Cantey ◽  
Aashish Didwania ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prior Knowledge ◽  
Mastery Learning ◽  
Standard Setting ◽  
Baseline Data ◽  
Performance Data ◽  
Angoff Method ◽  
Test Items ◽  
Written Examination ◽  
Internal Medicine Residents ◽  
High Level

ABSTRACT Background  Mastery learning in health professions education requires learners to learn and undergo assessment until they demonstrate a high level of competence. Setting defensible standards is key to accurately assessing educational outcomes in mastery learning. The Mastery Angoff method was proposed recently to set a minimum passing standard (MPS) for mastery learning curricula. However, it is unknown whether prior knowledge of trainee performance affects judges' decisions about setting an MPS using the Mastery Angoff method. Objective  We sought to determine the effect of introducing baseline data about trainee performance on faculty judges' decisions about the Mastery Angoff MPS for a written examination. Methods  We developed a mastery learning curriculum to train internal medicine residents and cardiology fellows about the correct interpretation of inpatient telemetry monitoring. All learners were required to meet or exceed an MPS on a 35-item written examination at the end of training. The MPS was set in 2017 by judges who used the item-based Mastery Angoff method without prior examinee performance information. The judges subsequently reevaluated the test items after receiving baseline data about trainee performance collected during pilot testing. Mastery Angoff MPSs with and without baseline performance data were compared. Results  Twelve judges participated in the standard-setting exercise. The initial MPS was similar to the repeat MPS set after judges received trainee performance data (86.2% versus 86.9%, P = .23). Conclusions  Prior knowledge about medical trainee performance data did not affect MPS as determined by the Mastery Angoff procedure.

scholarly journals Information Technology (IT) Competencies Desired in New Accounting Graduates: A Survey in Jordanian Business Environment

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suleiman Mustafa EL-dalahmeh
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Accounting Education ◽  
Accounting Students ◽  
Continuous Change ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Accounting Software ◽  
High Level ◽  
It Knowledge ◽  
Accounting Graduates

Accounting and information technology are closely related for many decades. Accounting was the domain of business that first adopted IT and made an extensive use of it. Nowadays the IT competencies desired by accountants were under a continuous change and evolution. Modern accountants are expected to have a high level of IT knowledge and skills and towards that direction the curriculum in accounting education have to adopt a wide range of modules in order to provide accounting students with the required competencies. The paper presents the results of a survey in Jordanian business environment regarding technological skills desired in new accounting graduates. The questions related to computer skills desired in new accounting graduates showed that spreadsheet knowledge was the most desired followed by accounting software, for casting packages as well as all the skills mentioned in the questionnaire ranged between the importance degree is very high and high.

scholarly journals Kemampuan Koneksi Matematis Siswa Ditinjau dari Kemampuan Awal dan Gender

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-178
Author(s):  
Ita Mafajatul Aliyah ◽  
Yuyu Yuhana ◽  
Cecep Anwar Hadi Firdos Santosa
Keyword(s):  
Prior Knowledge ◽  
Female Subject ◽  
Male Subject ◽  
High Ability ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Main Instrument ◽  
High Level ◽  
Mathematical Connection ◽  
Low Ability

This research aimed to examine student’s mathematical connection ability based on previous ability and gender. The instruments of the study were the researcher as the main instrument, the test of prior knowledge, the test of connection ability, interview and documentation. The triangulation technique was used for the data (test, observation, interview, and documentation). The subject of this research were six students representing each category of the previous ability. Three indicators of mathematical connection ability used in this research, namely: connections between mathematical topics, connections with the science other than mathematics, and connection with life. The results showed that 1) high-ability male subject had high levels of mathematical connection ability on indicators of connection with life, 2) high-ability female subject had high level of mathematical connection ability on indicators of connection with the science other than mathematics, 3) medium-ability male subject had high levels of mathematical connection ability on indicators between topics mathematics, 4) medium-ability female subject had high levels of mathematical connection ability on indicators between topics mathematics, 5) low-ability male subject had high levels of mathematical connection ability on indicators between topics mathematics, 6) low-ability female subject had high levels of mathematical connection ability on indicators between topics mathematics.

scholarly journals THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ICT UTILIZATION ON COGNITIVE ACHIEVEMENT IN THE VOCATIONAL EDUCATION DURING THE COVID-19 OUTBREAK IN INDONESIA

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 259
Author(s):  
Yudha Aditya Fiandra ◽  
NFn Ambiyar ◽  
M Giatman ◽  
NFn Usmeldi ◽  
Nurhasan Syah
Keyword(s):  
Vocational Education ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Main Tool ◽  
Cognitive Achievement ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
High Level ◽  
Vocational Learning

In the current Covid-19 transition period, it is very necessary to use innovative vocational learning models in digital models. The number of vocational learning models using ICT as the main tool during the pandemic needs to be studied further on how the model is implemented and its effectiveness. The problem that arises is that we do not know whether the use of ICT tools in vocational learning is effectively used. This study aims to empirically verify the effectiveness of ICT in vocational education learning during the Covid-19 transition period. Meta-Analysis is used as a method to conduct this research. There are 30 latest articles reviewed during the year of 2020 to 2021. All articles are classified based on the author, year of publication, the ICT device or application used, and the results of the post-test experimental and control classes. The results are obtained after the calculation using the effect size (ES) formula. The calculation results show that the learning using ICT as a tool during the Covid-19 pandemic has a high effect (1.28) on cognitive achievement in vocational education. The conclusion of this study is that ICT-assisted learning has a high level of effectiveness and is suitable for learning in the vocational field. Then, the dominant multimedia device or application used in the vocational learning in Indonesia is the computer technology network and it is the most widely used for the application of ICT in learning.

scholarly journals An attempt to Characterize Street Pharmaceutical Teachers Abusing Drugs and Aspect of Allergy Among Adult Men Attending Long Distance Institutions in Pune, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Peer Influence ◽  
Support Services ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Intellectual Development ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Ultimate Objective ◽  
High Level ◽  
It Knowledge

In the India like all nations, drug abuse is seen as a social and health problem that has many serious implications for the physical, social, psychological and intellectual development of the victims more especially, the teaching Staffs. Therefore, it continues to be a concern to families, community leaders, educators, social workers, health care professionals, academics, government and its development partners. Though there some studies on drug abuse, there is none on teaching staffs and drug abuse focusing on the street teaching staffs the most vulnerable category. Street teaching staffs care hypothesized to be more at risk of any epidemic including drug abuse. This study sought to determine the risk and prevalence of drug abuse among street teaching staffs focusing on those in the car parks. The research was focused on six critical areas: knowledge of drug abuse, perception towards it, knowledge of the causes, knowledge of negative impacts of it, knowledge of the preventive methods; and knowledge of the support services needed by abusers. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the data from thirty five participants (i.e. one driver and six casual apprentices from each of the five car parks) were interviewed. The data was presented and analyzed using tables and percentage. The findings revealed among others, that there is high level of awareness of drug abuse but the feeling towards it is mixed. Like other teaching staffs, street teaching staffs are abusing drugs mainly due to peer influence with the ultimate objective of getting high to relief stress, group recognition, trusted by peers, etc. Similarly, participants are highly aware of the negative impacts encompassing fighting, stealing, mental illness, etc. To finance the behavior, victims are engaged in all types of dangerous antisocial behavior including romantic ones exposing them to a range of diseases including, obesity, diabetes, ageing, epigenetic, window STIs and window HIV/AIDS. Ghutaka is the most commonly abused drug. Though in the minority, some have started experimenting cocaine/coke. While participants have good knowledge of the critical methods to fight drug abuse, the support services needed by victims, victims are mostly reluctant to seek the services not only because they are hard to find but fear societal stigmatization, exclusion and discrimination and professionals’ maltreatments.

The Role and Use of Telemedicine by Physicians in Developing Countries

2016 ◽  
pp. 946-960 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana Alajmi ◽  
Mohamed Khalifa ◽  
Amr Jamal ◽  
Nasria Zakaria ◽  
Suleiman Alomran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Technological Advance ◽  
Previous Experience ◽  
Perceptions And Attitudes ◽  
Telemedicine Technology ◽  
High Level ◽  
Willingness To Use ◽  
It Knowledge ◽  
The City

As technological advance leaps into the developing world, telemedicine is expected to significantly grow in many developing countries. It is important to investigate the awareness, preferences, requirements, perceptions and attitudes of physicians in Saudi Arabia towards the use of telemedicine technology. In order to promote the use of telemedicine among physicians, training should be focused on older professionals and those who show lower levels of IT knowledge and experience. This chapter uses the results of a survey that was conducted in the city of Al-Dammam, Saudi Arabia, which gathered information about physicians' awareness and attitude towards telemedicine. Most physicians reported high level of awareness of telemedicine and showed interest in using telemedicine technology in their work. Physicians' preference of using such technology was predicted by their awareness, knowledge and previous experience, using telemedicine and technology affinity. Physicians' willingness to use telemedicine was influenced by age, technology preparedness and practice.

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