scholarly journals THE REPUBLIC OF THE REFUGEES: EARLY MODERN MIGRATIONS AND THE DUTCH EXPERIENCE

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
GEERT H. JANSSEN
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
Cultural Integration ◽  
Dutch Revolt ◽  
Cultural Codes ◽  
Dutch Golden Age ◽  
The Republic ◽  
New Literature ◽  
Dutch Experience

ABSTRACTThis essay surveys the wave of new literature on early modern migration and assesses its impact on the Dutch golden age. From the late sixteenth century, the Netherlands developed into an international hub of religious refugees, displaced minorities, and labour migrants. While migration to the Dutch Republic has often been studied in socio-economic terms, recent historiography has turned the focus of attention to its many cultural resonances. More specifically, it has been noted that the arrival of thousands of newcomers generated the construction of new patriotic narratives and cultural codes in Dutch society. The experience of civil war and forced migration during the Dutch revolt had already fostered the development of a national discourse that framed religious exile as a heroic experience. In the seventeenth century, the accommodation of persecuted minorities could therefore be presented as something typically ‘Dutch’. It followed that diaspora identities and signs of transnational religious solidarity developed into markers of social respectability and tools of cultural integration. The notion of a ‘republic of the refugees’ had profound international implications, too, because it shaped and justified Dutch interventions abroad.

Natural Disaster at the Closing of the Dutch Golden Age

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Sundberg
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Natural Disaster ◽  
Golden Age ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Dutch Republic ◽  
Dutch Golden Age ◽  
Scale Of Response ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Dutch Experience

By the early eighteenth century, the economic primacy, cultural efflorescence, and geopolitical power of the Dutch Republic appeared to be waning. The end of this Golden Age was also an era of natural disasters. Between the late seventeenth and the mid-eighteenth century, Dutch communities weathered numerous calamities, including river and coastal floods, cattle plagues, and an outbreak of strange mollusks that threatened the literal foundations of the Republic. Adam Sundberg demonstrates that these disasters emerged out of longstanding changes in environment and society. They were also fundamental to the Dutch experience and understanding of eighteenth-century decline. Disasters provoked widespread suffering, but they also opened opportunities to retool management strategies, expand the scale of response, and to reconsider the ultimate meaning of catastrophe. This book reveals a dynamic and often resilient picture of a society coping with calamity at odds with historical assessments of eighteenth-century stagnation.

Exceptional Papers for Exceptional Needs: Travel Patents, Identification, and Mobility in the Early Modern Mediterranean

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Ian F. Hathaway
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
The Republic

Abstract This essay explores a collection of over two thousand “travel patents” issued during the sixteenth century by the chanceries of the Republic of Venice and the Order of St. John of Rhodes and Malta. Far from being the equivalent of modern passports, these papers were ad hoc concessions of exceptional travel rights. The article’s systematic comparative approach shows that magistrates in Venice and Malta used travel patents to promote the circulation of valuable people and goods in response to both exceptional and recurring mobility needs. However, these letters were not only an expression of princely desire to “control the legitimate means of movement,” but also tokens of a convergence of administrative and individual interests that worked together, from above and from below, to address contingent mobility challenges.

Maintaining the Common Peace: Security and the Religious Peace of 1578 during the Dutch Revolt

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-250
Author(s):  
Erik Swart
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Collective Responsibility ◽  
Early Modern Europe ◽  
Dutch Revolt ◽  
The Common ◽  
Modern Europe ◽  
Religious War

Abstract This article analyses the failed Dutch Religious Peace of 1578 through the lens of security. As Wayne te Brake recently argued in Religious War and Religious Peace in Early Modern Europe, creating security for all parties is key for an effective religious peace. In the sixteenth century, communal security was deemed a collective responsibility. In practice this meant that religious peace – suppressing and preventing violence and threats between Protestants and Catholics – was framed as a matter of preserving the common peace. Theological questions were dissimulated or kept out of peace settlements. In 1578, the religious peace proposed that Catholics and Calvinists were to live in the Netherlands side by side, each allowed to worship publicly. Some 27 Dutch towns introduced this religious peace. Yet the municipal magistrates mostly did so reluctantly and generally declined to share political power, thus contributing to its failure. Moreover, there were different, conflicting conceptions at work concerning the common peace, as well as regarding how to keep it.

A Walking Memory: State-Designed Processions as a Tool of Collective Remembering in Late Medieval and Early Modern Dubrovnik

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 458-469
Author(s):  
Nella Lonza
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
The State ◽  
Historical Event ◽  
Memory State ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Collective Remembering ◽  
The Republic

The state authorities of late medieval and early modern Dubrovnik used processions as a cultural tool to create a collective remembrance of traumatic historical experience, such as conspiracy, pestilence, or earthquake. Until the sixteenth century, the commemoration was amalgamated with the saint’s cult (“watermark” model), while in the last two centuries of the Republic the link to an underlying historical event became explicit. This shift may be accounted by the growing dominance of the secular over ecclesiastical authorities, and the increasing ambition of the state to manage its self-representation.

scholarly journals De ‘Hollandse reis’ en de Franse visie der Verenigde Nederlanden in de eerste helft van de zeventiende eeuw

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 119-134
Author(s):  
Andreas Nijenhuis-Bescher
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Louis Xiv ◽  
Dutch Revolt ◽  
Interesting Insight ◽  
Dutch Golden Age ◽  
Common Enemy ◽  
Intellectual Activities ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
United Provinces

The ‘Dutch journey’ and the French vision of the United Provinces in the first half of the seventeenth century During the reign of the French king Louis XIV, and especially since the Dutch War 1672–1678, the relationship between the Netherlands and France often seemed only a long-lasting conflict, eclipsing the more positive mutual influences. However, during the Dutch Revolt 1568–1648, which led to the creation of the new Republic of the United Provinces, the two countries were close allies, united by a struggle against a common enemy – Spain.As a result of diplomatic cooperation, French travellers came to discover the young Dutch Republic. Early-modern travellers often kept a journal. From the beginning of the 17th century, such journals were frequently published, giving birth to a distinct literary genre.The analysis of the French travel writing offers an interesting insight into this new country as well as into the society and civilisation that developed in the Low Lands between 1600 and 1650. Religious coexistence or intellectual activities struck the French observers of the small but powerful Republic they discovered, leaving a vivid trace of the Dutch Golden Age, even beyond the reign of Louis XIV.

scholarly journals The Scripture on Tiles: Dutch Tiles as an Example of the Biblical Culture of Everyday in the Republic

Werkwinkel ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Oczko
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Cultural Tradition ◽  
Cultural Phenomenon ◽  
Dutch Revolt ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Given ◽  
The City

Abstract The history of Dutch tiles started in the sixteenth century Antwerp in the workshops of the Italian potters who had settled in the city upon the Scheldt. Due to the political and social factors (i.e. huge wave of refugees during the Dutch Revolt), tile production was moved to the Northern Netherlands, where it was fully developed and the offer of the Republic’s tile works began to enjoy greatest fame and a huge commercial success all over Europe. The given article deals mostly with Dutch tiles representing the biblical scenes (bijbeltegels) and discusses their numerous contexts, such as confessional and social background, iconographical origin of their designs (engravings, illustrated Bibles, stencils), the taste and status of the potential buyers. Moreover, the artistic and cultural phenomenon of Dutch biblical tiles has been interpreted in terms of a much wider tradition, namely the ‘biblicisation’ of everyday life in the Dutch Republic and its interiors. Finally, the issue of Dutch tiles, being the symbols of the national cultural tradition, has been brought up.

FINANCIAL REPORTING AND STEWARDSHIP ACCOUNTING IN SIXTEENTH-CENTURY SPAIN

1986 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patti A. Mills
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Financial Reporting

This paper examines an early modern contribution to the literature on stewardship accounting, the Tratado de Cuentas or Treatise on Accounts, by Diego del Castillo, a sixteenth-century Spanish jurist.

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Civil Wars ◽  
Modern History ◽  
Early Modern History ◽  
History Of Collecting ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Renaissance

This chapter explores the material culture of everyday life in late-Renaissance Paris by setting L’Estoile’s diaries and after-death inventory against a sample of the inventories of thirty-nine of his colleagues. L’Estoile and his family lived embedded in the society of royal office-holders and negotiated their place in its hierarchy with mixed success. His home was cramped and his wardrobe rather shabby. The paintings he displayed in the reception rooms reveal his iconoclastic attitude to the visual, contrasting with the overwhelming number of Catholic devotional pictures displayed by his colleagues. Yet the collection he stored in his study and cabinet made him stand out in his milieu as a distinguished curieux. It deserves a place in the early modern history of collecting, as his example reveals that the civil wars might be a stimulus as much as a disruption to collecting in sixteenth-century France.

Spinoza and Biblical Philology in the Dutch Republic, 1660-1710

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jetze Touber
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Old Testament ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Dutch Reformed ◽  
Dutch Republic ◽  
Biblical Criticism ◽  
Ecclesiastical History ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Biblical Scholarship ◽  
Dutch Golden Age

This book investigates the biblical criticism of Spinoza from the perspective of the Dutch Reformed society in which the philosopher lived and worked. It focusses on philological investigation of the Bible: its words, its language, and the historical context in which it originated. The book charts contested issues of biblical philology in mainstream Dutch Calvinism, to determine whether Spinoza’s work on the Bible had any bearing on the Reformed understanding of the way society should engage with Scripture. Spinoza has received massive attention, both inside and outside academia. His unconventional interpretation of the Old Testament passages has been examined repeatedly over the decades. So has that of fellow ‘radicals’ (rationalists, radicals, deists, libertines, enthusiasts), against the backdrop of a society that is assumed to have been hostile, overwhelmed, static, and uniform. This book inverts this perspective and looks at how the Dutch Republic digested biblical philology and biblical criticism, including that of Spinoza. It takes into account the highly neglected area of the Reformed ministry and theology of the Dutch Golden Age. The result is that Dutch ecclesiastical history, up until now the preserve of the partisan scholarship of confessionalized church historians, is brought into dialogue with Early Modern intellectual currents. This book concludes that Spinoza, rather than simply pushing biblical scholarship in the direction of modernity, acted in an indirect way upon ongoing debates in Dutch society, shifting trends in those debates, but not always in the same direction, and not always equally profoundly, at all times, on all levels.

Place, People, Texts

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Nowakowska
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Nation State

What is Poland? If the meaning of apparently stable words such as ecclesia has been anything but stable historically, the same is of course true of ‘Poland’, a simple noun which masks multiple possible meanings and polemical intents. For the sixteenth century, Poland should be defined not as an ethnic people (a nascent nation state), but rather as a political phenomenon. As such, this study will consider all the peoples and territories under the authority of the Polish Crown in the reign of King Sigismund I, regardless of their ‘ethnic’ or linguistic status. Twenty years ago, John Elliott coined the phrase ‘composite monarchies’, pointing out that most early modern monarchies were patchworks of territories acquired at various times by different means (marriage, conquest, inheritance), held together by one monarch....

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