ROBERT D. MCCHESNEY, Kabul under Siege: Fayz Muhammad's Account of the 1929 Uprising (Princeton, N.J.: Marcus Weiner, 1999). Pp. 319. $49.95 cloth, $25.95 paper.

2000 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 556-557
Author(s):  
Robert L. Canfield
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Village ◽  
The City ◽  
Comparable Time

The year 1929 was a particularly disruptive period for the city of Kabul (perhaps the only comparable time was when the mujahedin fought over it in the 1990s). In January of that year, under pressure from a band of Tajik rebels who entered Kabul almost unopposed, the ruler of Afghanistan, Amir Aman Allah, abdicated his throne and fled the capital. The man who occupied his office was a former soldier-turned-highwayman from the village of Kalakân some twenty miles north of Kabul. He was named Habib Allah (and is so called throughout the work under review), but he is better remembered by the epithet “Bacha-i Saqqaw,” or “Water Carrier's Son,” his father having once served in that role for the military. A Tajik, he was the first non-Pushtun to occupy the throne since the birth of Afghanistan in the 18th century. He would hold it for only nine months.

scholarly journals Armenian Church of the Holy Mother of God in Chisinau

Arta ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Sergius Ciocanu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Historic Monument ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Military ◽  
The City ◽  
The Temple

The documents attest the presence of an Armenian community in Chisinau since the ‘30s of the 18th century. In the 18th century, the Chisinau Armenians had a place of worship, located on the site of the present Armenian Church, in the “heart” of the city, on the first street parallel to the north-east side of the market square. In 1774, among the Chisinau Armenians, the priest Musuz was mentioned, who served in the Armenian Church. The temple was badly damaged by the fire that engulfed Chisinau during the military operations of 1788. The earthquake destroyed this place of worship on October 14, 1802. In 1803-1804, it was rebuilt in the same place. The construction manager and, possibly, the architect of the holy place, was master Vardan from Iaşi. According to the statistical documents of 1809, three priests and four deacons served in the Armenian church. The cemetery of Armenian community was located near the old Orthodox cemetery of the Mazarache church. However, some more important burials were also done in the churchyard of the Armenian church. During the XIX-XX centuries, the church underwent many alterations and renovations, which changed its appearance. In 1993, by the decision of the Parliament of the Republic of Moldova, this valuable building of Chisinau was given the status of historic monument.

scholarly journals Large Landholdings in Brabant: Unravelling Urbanization Processes in the City-Territory

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-131
Author(s):  
Guillaume Vanneste
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Urban Transformations ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Scale Properties ◽  
Ecological Relations ◽  
The Village ◽  
The City ◽  
Fragmentation Processes

Through the observation of land property (le foncier) and, specifically, large landholdings, this research aims to take a fresh look at urbanization and urban planning in the Belgian Walloon Brabant Province. In contrast with most Belgian urban studies that tackle the issue of sprawling urbanization through small-scale parcels, fragmentation processes and individual initiatives, this investigation complements recent research on estate urbanization by examining large-scale properties and how they played a role in the city-territory’s urbanization during the second half of the 20th century. Large landholdings in Walloon Brabant are remnants of 18th century territorial dominions inherited from nobility and clergy, progressively dismantled, reorganized or maintained as result of the urbanization dynamics integral to the reproduction of modern and contemporary society. The village of Rixensart is the subject of a series of these transformations. By mapping the de Merode family’s large landholdings in the south of the commune and analyzing the allotments permit, we retrace urban transformations and the reordering of social and ecological relations through changing land structure. The palimpsest notion is used as a tool to unravel the set of actors involved in urbanization dynamics and to highlight the socio-spatial transformations and construction of recent urbanization. The profound transformations taking place in Walloon Brabant today present an opportunity to reflect on its future, and questions regarding landed estates suggest potential for tackling the city-territory’s greater systemic challenges.

scholarly journals THE CREATIVE WORK OF ARCHITECTOR PIERRE RICAUD DE TIRREGAILLE

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (13) ◽  
pp. 133-142
Author(s):  
Viktoriya Taras
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Professional Education ◽  
National Library ◽  
Design Work ◽  
Military Engineer ◽  
National Heritage ◽  
Military Engineering ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Village ◽  
The City

In this article we examine the figure of the military engineer, geometer, architect Pierre Rico de Tirregaille (Tirrgaille, French Pierre Ricaud de Tirregaille, Ricaud (Ricaut, Ryko) Pierre de Tirregaille (Tirgaille)). The years of his activity (about 1725 - after 1772) are relatively well known to researchers. But his biography remains unknown, except for the period of activity in the Commonwealth. Analysis of the results of previous research has shown that scientific research has been conducted in several areas. The first area includes research on biographical information about the architect. The second area includes studies on various projects that Pierre Rico de Tirregail commissioned. Manuscripts and graphics are important sources for finding out about Pierre Rico de Tirregail and his design work. They are stored in the archives of Warsaw, Krakow, the National Heritage Institute in Warsaw and the National Library of France in Paris. Pierre Ricaud de Tirregaille was born around 1725 in a French noble family in the district of Tiregale in Provence. His professional education was improved in Barcelona under the guidance of engineer Francis Ricode de Tierreagil. In the territory of the Polish– Lithuanian Commonwealth he worked from 1752 to 1762. We distinguish three periods in the activity of the architect: I - Warsaw (1752–1757), II - Lviv (1757–1760) and III - Warsaw (1760–1762). Most orders were received by the architect from several magnate families: Branicki, Potocki, Mniszeck, and others. The first mention of Pierre Rico de Tirregail's stay in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth dates back to 1752, when he received the rank of lieutenant in the infantry regiment of the Grand Crown Hetman Jan Kliment Branicki (1689–1771). In the architect's portfolio were included: the project and management of installation works on the water supply of the garden and menagerie in the city of Bialystok, the project of the palace with a garden in the city of Krystynopol, the palace in the village Pespa, a project of the Palace Chatsky-Felinsky in Lviv, a project for the modernization of the palace for Anthony Bielsky. Probably, the palace garden for the Greek Catholic Metropolitans in Lviv and the palace with a garden in Krakovets are his work as well. Pierre Ricaud de Tirregaille also made a detailed plan of the city of Warsaw on a scale of 1:1000 between 1762–1763. After an eleven-year stay in Poland, Pierre Rico de Tirregail moved to Berlin. In Berlin, he received a position in the military engineering corps and a position as a teacher at the court of King Frederick II of Prussia. In 1772, in Potsdam, he published a numismatic treatise devoted to Rossian medals of the eighteenth century.

scholarly journals THE SEAPLANE BASE IVO MONTI AT S. NICOLA VARANO (FG): A MONUMENT OF MILITARY ARCHEOLOGY, BETWEEN HISTORY AND PROTECTION

2017 ◽  
Vol XLII-5/W1 ◽  
pp. 419-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Mariano ◽  
M. Saracco ◽  
L. Petetta
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Robustness Analysis ◽  
City Council ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Framework Agreement ◽  
Geometric Mapping ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Village ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town

Built in the years between 1915 and 1918, and located on the west bank of the “Varano” Lake, a bay running along the village of “Cagnano Varano”, the “Ivo Monti” seaplane base was erected on a pre-existing medieval settlement which belonged to the Benedictine Monks from the town of “San Nicola Imbuti”. <br><br> During WWI, this seaplane base was turned, from a simple water airport, into a strategic military base for floatplanes. As a matter of fact, the large lagoon could be used as landing spot for the planes sent off to patrol the dalmatic coast, one of the historical regions of Croatia, then controlled by the Austrians. <br><br> After WWI, after the seaplane became an outdated technology, the “Ivo Monti” base was progressively dismantled and then totally abandoned at the beginning of the 1950s. <br><br> In 2014, considering the historical relevance of this site and the unmistakable architectural value of its elements, a research framework agreement was signed between the “DICEA” Department of Marche Polytechnic University and the city council of the town hosting the site, aimed at the development of shared scientific research projects revolving around the study, the valorisation, and the restoration of the military complex in question, which had been in a complete state of decay and neglect for too long. <br><br> The still ongoing research project mentioned presents two main missions: the first is the historical reconstruction, the geometric mapping, and the robustness analysis of the ruins, by studying and faithfully representing the state of deterioration of the building materials and of the facilities; the second is the identification and the testing of potential architectural solutions for the conversion and the reuse of the site and of its facilities.

scholarly journals Actividades botánicas en la Málaga ilustrada y noticias del jardín de plantas medicinales del ejército (1787-1887). Botanical activities in enlightenment Málaga and news about the military garden of medicinal plants (1787-1887)

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Juan Manuel Pérez-Rubín
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
North Africa ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Royal Botanic Garden ◽  
Timber Species ◽  
Botanic Garden ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
The Military ◽  
The City

Español. Los esfuerzos pioneros de particulares por aclimatar en Málaga plantas exóticas en las últimas décadas del siglo XVIII fueron apoyados por el Real Jardín Botánico de Madrid y llevados a cabo por ilustrados como José García Sevilla, los hermanos Pedro y José Ortega Monroy, y José de Gálvez. Esas variadas experiencias coincidieron con el auge en el interés por las plantas medicinales autóctonas, la realización de inventarios en los bosques con especies maderables y la creación del jardín botánico del Ejército anejo a la Real Botica de la ciudad, ambos comprometidos con el suministro de medicamentos a las guarniciones militares nacionales en el norte de África.English. The pioneering efforts of private individuals to acclimatize exotic plants in Málaga (Spain) in the last decades of the 18th century were supported by the Royal Botanic Garden (‘Real Jardín Botánico’) of Madrid and carried out by people of the Enlightenment such as José García Sevilla, the brothers Pedro and José Ortega Monroy, and José de Gálvez. These varied experiences coincided with the boom in interest in indigenous medicinal plants, inventories in forests with timber species and the creation of the botanical garden of the Army annexed to the Royal Pharmacy (‘Real Botica’) of the city, both committed to the supply of medicines to the national military garrisons in North Africa. 

scholarly journals Geometric and poliorcetic inertia in the fortified system vs urban morphological inflections in 18th-Century Barcelona.

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Miguel Muñoz Corbalán
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Municipal Government ◽  
Urban System ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Traditional Values ◽  
Morphological Transformation ◽  
Civic Spaces ◽  
City Walls ◽  
The Military ◽  
The City

Keywords: military engineering, fortification, urban bastioned system, poliorcetics, city and territory Conference topics and scale: City transformations Abstract and referencesBetween the War of Nine Years and the Napoleonic invasion of 1808 Barcelona underwent a morphological transformation according to a progressive evolution that came along from a typical wall-constrained stronghold towards an urban structure where the primacy of the internal and external strategic control gave way to the socioeconomic, industrial and commercial detachment of the city. The warlike needs of the first quarter of the 18th century involved a series of explicit poliorcetic interventions that gradually made available other criteria related to the development of several infrastructures for peacetime and certain urban licenses. These improving processes that let transform the urban features later changed the sense of the vectors which settled the nexus between the intramural space and the territory beyond the bastioned perimeter. Starting from a predominantly centripetal structure where the city walls played a segregating role, they afterward tended to reinforce the creation of newborn civic spaces that appreciably reduced the strength of the suffocating perimeter and also established alternative centers of power. These procedures foreshadowed a further decline of the traditional values about the former city walls and allowed the take-off of the territory outside them as an expansion of the orthodox urban system essences and its outward projection. The confluence of both municipal government purposes and the Crown’s impositions eased the work of the military engineers who undertook the interventions directly dependent on their sphere of responsibility.     Cortada i Colomer, L. (1998) Estructures territorials, urbanisme i arquitectura poliorcètics a la Catalunya preindustrial. 2 vol. (Institut d’Estudis Catalans, Barcelona). Fara, A. (1989) Il Sistema e la Città. Architettura fortificata dell’Europa moderna dai trattati alle realizzazioni 1464-1794 (Sagep, Genova). Galera, M., Tarragó S. and Roca F. (1982) Atlas de Barcelona (Col·legi Oficial d’Arquitectes de Catalunya, Barcelona). Història. Política, Societad y Cultura dels Països Catalans, vol. 5 ‘Desfeta política y embranzida econòmica. Segle XVIII’ (1995) (Enciclopèdia Catalana, Barcelona). López, M. and Grau R. (1971) ‘Barcelona entre el urbanismo barroco y la revolución industrial’, Cuadernos de arquitectura y urbanismo, 80, 28-40.  

scholarly journals Narrative sources on the events of the Great patriotic war in the Kuban

2020 ◽  
pp. 88-93
Author(s):  
Ju. G. Bich ◽  
T. A. Samsonenko ◽  
E. L. Mishustina
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Southern Region ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Military ◽  
Difficult Times ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Village ◽  
The City

This article presents the results of studies on the daily history of the Soviet period of our state during the difficult times of World War II. The work considers the southern region of the USSR, the territory of the Krasnodar Territory (the city of Krasnodar and the village of Pavlovskaya.) Some local families left the Kuban at the beginning of the war and left, for example, to evacuate. Others were forced to stay, during the occupation of the region and its capital by the Nazi troops in 1942-1943 they were in the Kuban, in Krasnodar. This article is based on both previously unpublished memoirs of city residents collected by the authors (memoirs by Razinskaya S.A., Zhigir E.G., Morozova E.V., Yesayan M.A.) and published as personal memoirs and diaries (Khudoley I.I., Chalenko K.N.). For the first time, on the occasion of the 75th anniversary of the Victory of our country in World War II, an attempt was made to put into scientific circulation these materials, telling about the pre-occupation period of the Territory and the city of Krasnodar, as well as directly the time of the occupation of the southern region by fascist invaders. It is concluded that the stories of ordinary people – eyewitnesses to important historical events, the so-called narrative sources (oral and recorded memoirs, letters, diaries and school essays) provide historians with invaluable material to restore the picture of everyday life of the military historical era.There is no conflict of interests.

scholarly journals Actividades botánicas en la Málaga ilustrada y noticias del jardín de plantas medicinales del ejército (1787-1887). Botanical activities in enlightenment Málaga and news about the military garden of medicinal plants (1787-1887)

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 137-154
Author(s):  
Juan Manuel Pérez-Rubín
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
North Africa ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Royal Botanic Garden ◽  
Timber Species ◽  
Botanic Garden ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
The Military ◽  
The City

Español. Los esfuerzos pioneros de particulares por aclimatar en Málaga plantas exóticas en las últimas décadas del siglo XVIII fueron apoyados por el Real Jardín Botánico de Madrid y llevados a cabo por ilustrados como José García Sevilla, los hermanos Pedro y José Ortega Monroy, y José de Gálvez. Esas variadas experiencias coincidieron con el auge en el interés por las plantas medicinales autóctonas, la realización de inventarios en los bosques con especies maderables y la creación del jardín botánico del Ejército anejo a la Real Botica de la ciudad, ambos comprometidos con el suministro de medicamentos a las guarniciones militares nacionales en el norte de África.English. The pioneering efforts of private individuals to acclimatize exotic plants in Málaga (Spain) in the last decades of the 18th century were supported by the Royal Botanic Garden (‘Real Jardín Botánico’) of Madrid and carried out by people of the Enlightenment such as José García Sevilla, the brothers Pedro and José Ortega Monroy, and José de Gálvez. These varied experiences coincided with the boom in interest in indigenous medicinal plants, inventories in forests with timber species and the creation of the botanical garden of the Army annexed to the Royal Pharmacy (‘Real Botica’) of the city, both committed to the supply of medicines to the national military garrisons in North Africa. 

Crossing the Pomerium

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Koortbojian
Keyword(s):  
Social Practices ◽  
Civic Life ◽  
Public Monuments ◽  
Religion And Law ◽  
Mediterranean World ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Military ◽  
The City

The ancient Romans famously distinguished between civic life in Rome and military matters outside the city—a division marked by the pomerium, an abstract religious and legal boundary that was central to the myth of the city's foundation. This book explores, by means of images and texts, how the Romans used social practices and public monuments to assert their capital's distinction from its growing empire, to delimit the proper realms of religion and law from those of war and conquest, and to establish and disseminate so many fundamental Roman institutions across three centuries of imperial rule. The book probes such topics as the appearance in the city of Romans in armor, whether in representation or in life, the role of religious rites on the battlefield, and the military image of Constantine on the arch built in his name. Throughout, the book reveals how, in these instances and others, the ancient ideology of crossing the pomerium reflects the efforts of Romans not only to live up to the ideals they had inherited, but also to reconceive their past and to validate contemporary practices during a time when Rome enjoyed growing dominance in the Mediterranean world. The book explores a problem faced by generations of Romans—how to leave and return to hallowed city ground in the course of building an empire.

KONSEP DIRI “ I “ DAN “ME” TOKOH HIROKO DALAM NOVEL NAMAKU HIROKO KARYA NH.DINI

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Besin Gaspar
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Main Character ◽  
Fictional Character ◽  
Social Customs ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Village ◽  
The City

This research deals with the development of  self concept of Hiroko as the main character in Namaku Hiroko by Nh. Dini and tries to identify how Hiroko is portrayed in the story, how she interacts with other characters and whether she is portrayed as a character dominated by ”I” element or  ”Me”  element seen  from sociological and cultural point of view. As a qualitative research in nature, the source of data in this research is the novel Namaku Hiroko (1967) and the data ara analyzed and presented deductively. The result of this analysis shows that in the novel, Hiroko as a fictional character is  portrayed as a girl whose personality  develops and changes drastically from ”Me”  to ”I”. When she was still in the village  l iving with her parents, she was portrayed as a obedient girl who was loyal to the parents, polite and acted in accordance with the social customs. In short, her personality was dominated by ”Me”  self concept. On the other hand, when she moved to the city (Kyoto), she was portrayed as a wild girl  no longer controlled by the social customs. She was  firm and determined totake decisions of  her won  for her future without considering what other people would say about her. She did not want to be treated as object. To put it in another way, her personality is more dominated by the ”I” self concept.

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