More on Diglossia in Arabic

1975 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan S. Kaye
Keyword(s):  
Linguistic Theory ◽  
Swiss German ◽  
Modern Greek ◽  
Haitian Creole ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Classical Arabic

Diglossia has been the subject of attention of many linguists and philologists dealing with Arabic for many decades. The term itself was coined by W. Marçais (1930) and was brought to the attention of general linguists and ethnologists (socio-linguists in particular) by Ferguson in 1959. Diglossia is also a well-known phenomenon in Modern Greek, Swiss German, and Haitian Creole. Fishman (1967) and Valdman (1968) deal with it in terms of methodology and theory. Kaye (1970, 1972a) deals with it in the light of modern linguistic theory and is restricted (not entirely though) to a discussion of Arabic. The monograph under review is an attempt to survey the diglossia situation using Classical Arabic and colloquial Iraqi (almost entirely Baghdadi) data. Much of the work can already be found in Altoma (1957, 1966).

Backgrounding and suppression of reciprocal participants

2007 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Behrens
Keyword(s):  
Reciprocal Relation ◽  
Structural Constraints ◽  
Reciprocal Relations ◽  
Modern Greek ◽  
Semantic Fields ◽  
Argument Mapping ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Plural Subject ◽  
Linguistic Approach ◽  
Plural Subjects

According to traditional wisdom, reciprocal predicates can only occur with plural subjects. This is assumed either because the reciprocal predicates in question are constructed by means of a reciprocal anaphor, which is considered as being inherently plural and hence requiring a plural antecedent, or, if there is no binding requirement, the following principle of argument mapping is implicitly assumed: all participants of a reciprocal situation need an overt realization by the same highest syntactic argument. Since a reciprocal relation minimally involves the existence of two participants, and since (in the languages considered so far) the highest syntactic argument is the subject, this mapping principle leads to the idea that the subjects of reciprocal predicates should be confined to plural or conjoined phrases. In this paper, I will show that this principle turns out to be unrealistically strong, once real discourse data are considered, in particular from a cross-linguistic perspective. Under certain structural and pragmatic conditions, participants of reciprocal relations may be backgrounded and also suppressed, with the result that, in the second case, they will lack an overt realization altogether. It will be argued that there is a typological correlation between the following three phenomena: discontinuous reciprocals (where one participant is backgrounded and hence realized as an oblique phrase), “true” singular subject reciprocals (where only one participant is realized overtly, while the other is suppressed), and plural subject reciprocals, admitting the interpretation that each individual among the subject’s referents participates in a reciprocal relation with some other (unknown or arbitrary) individual that is, however, suppressed, i.e. not referred to by the subject phrase or any other phrase in the sentence. I will present data from four languages: Hungarian, German, (Modern) Greek and Serbian/Croatian. In general, a cross-linguistic approach will be favored which considers differences and similarities at all relevant levels of description, e.g. discourse pragmatics, verbal aspect, lexical-semantic fields, interfering effects of ambiguity, etc. in addition to structural constraints in marking reciprocity.

D. Robert Ladd (1996). Intonational phonology. (Cambridge Studies in Linguistics 79.) Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Pp. xv+334.

Phonology ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-118
Author(s):  
William R. Leben
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
English Teachers ◽  
Linguistic Theory ◽  
Basic Material ◽  
Cambridge University ◽  
The Past ◽  
Look Back ◽  
Basic Goal ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Reasonable Price

Ladd's Intonational phonology is a substantial addition to an area that has only recently ‘arrived’. Fortunately for the field of intonational phonology, the past two decades have seen a number of seminal contributions from phonologists, including Mark Liberman, Gösta Bruce, Janet Pierrehumbert and Ladd himself. Work on intonation, which has advanced in sync with modern linguistic theory, can also look back on quite a number of rather specific studies by phoneticians and rather general descriptive accounts by linguists and English teachers on this continent and in Europe.The book's basic goal is to present the subject matter of intonational phonology to the non-specialist linguist. The material is not only summarised but also accompanied by critical comments. Ladd's goal of keeping the book accessible to the non-specialist may limit the depth of the presentation of the basic material and the definitiveness of the critical comments, but for many this will be a reasonable price to pay for breadth of coverage.

PECULIARITIES OF LIGHT FUNCTIONING IN MODERN GREEK CATHOLIC CHURCHES OF UKRAINE

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-260
Author(s):  
Yatsiv M ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sacred Space ◽  
Light Environment ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Religious Ritual ◽  
Modern Greek ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Lighting Systems ◽  
Catholic Churches ◽  
The Temple

In each historical period, light played an important mystical role in the creation of the sacred space of the temple, and was and is an integral part of religious ritual. Light is an architectural phenomenon, the formative and communicative element of the spatial structure of the temple, the most important factor in the perception of space and layout of the temple. The subject of the analysis contained in the article is the light environment in the space of modern churches of Ukraine. An analysis of the functions of light in churches is made on the example of recently built iconic Greek Catholic temples. The peculiarities of the distribution of natural and artificial light in the space of modern churches, the similarities and differences in the organization of the light environment, as compared to the historical temples, have been revealed. The influence of the light on the architectonics of temples and the visual perception of their object environment, on the formation of the corresponding mystical mood and sacred atmosphere is defined. The values and functions of electric lighting in the structure of the light environment of the temple, the directions of development of electric lighting systems due to the expansion of their utilitarian and decorative functions are determined.

Wolność albo śmierć. Polscy filhelleni i powstanie greckie 1821. Wydano w roku 200. rocznicy powstania greckiego

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Modern Greek ◽  
New Directions ◽  
The Subject

The publication sets new directions in the research on Polish Philhellenism, in particular in two areas: gaining thorough knowledge of the Poles supporting Greek struggle for independence and the coverage it received in Polish press. The articles of the renowned experts on the subject are the introduction to the issue of Polish Philhellenism, they also concentrate on reconstructing biographies of the Polish participants in the Greek uprising and the interest in modern Greek songs the Poles have developed.

Toward a Modern Theory of Rhetoric: A Tagmemic Contribution

1965 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 450-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Young ◽  
Alton Becker
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Linguistic Theory ◽  
Modern Theory ◽  
New Approach ◽  
The Subject

The authors undertake first to define the subject matter of rhetoric as it has been traditionally understood and then to illustrate how aspects of one linguistic theory,tagmemics, can form the basis for a new approach to rhetorical problems

scholarly journals Die sexuellen Neurosen unserer Eltern von Lukas Bärfuss und die Frage nach der Tabuisierung von Sexualität

2018 ◽  
Vol 143 ◽  
pp. 59-73
Author(s):  
Justyna Kłopotowska
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
German Literature ◽  
Mentally Handicapped ◽  
Swiss German ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Theatrical Text

Sexualität der Menschen, die als eines von vielen Themen im Alltag erscheint und die auch literarisch aus vielerlei Perspektiven aufgegriffen wird, wird hier und da gerne tabuisiert. Lukas Bärfuss, Vertreter der jungen, deutschsprachigen Schweizer Literatur, setzt sich mit diesem Thema auf eine sehr provozierende Art und Weise auseinander. In seinem Theatertext Die sexuellen Neurosen unserer Eltern führt er die Leser in ein verklemmtes Milieu, in dem seine geistig behinderte Protagonistin Dora ihre Sexualität entdeckt. Was daraus wird, wie der Autor damit umgeht und es in Sprache umsetzt, wird zum Thema der Überlegungen.The sexual neuroses of our parents by Lukas Bärfuss and the question of the tabooing of sexualityPeople’s sexuality, which appears as one of many topics in everyday life and which has been approached in the literature from a variety of perspectives, has often been tabooed. Lukas Bärfuss, a representative of the young Swiss German literature, is dealing with this topic in a very provocative way. In his theatrical text The sexual neuroses of our parents, he leads the readers into an inhibited milieu in which his mentally handicapped protagonist Dora discovers her sexuality. What becomes of it, how the author deals with it and puts it to practice, will become the subject of the considerations.

Prominence and Syllabication in Arabic

1960 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 369-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. F. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Regional Differences ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Classical Arabic

Faced with the fact that in many varieties of Arabic, including Bedouin dialects of the kind to which Sibawayhi was wont to turn, polysyllabic words and certain other unitary complexes are characterized in pronunciation by the prominence which makes one syllable stand out to the ear above the others, the linguist is understandably puzzled by the failure of the Arab grammarians to mention the subject of accentuation. Bewilderment increases with the realization not only that rules of prominence are statable for a given colloquial but also that correspondence between colloquials or between a colloquial and a given ‘Classical’ pronunciation is equally regular. Confusion is complete when the ‘rules’ given in all reference grammars of Classical Arabic are found to take no cognizance of regional differences of pronunciation and, what is worse, to bear little or no resemblance to the facts in any one region.

The semantics of Greek names for plants

1936 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Dawkins
Keyword(s):  
General Point ◽  
Modern Greek ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Wrong Direction ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject

The names given to plants in ancient and modern Greek are not only of interest in themselves but have some bearing upon a general point in the history of the meaning of words. Many of the names of plants in ancient authors can only be interpreted with a certain vagueness: of νάρκισσος we can only say that it is some sort of daffodil; κρίνον is pretty certain to be a lily of some kind; we can hardly go further. In these straits it is natural enough to enquire into the meaning of these words in Modern Greek, and here we certainly find no lack of information, but unless we scrutinise this modern evidence with some care we are apt, I think, to let it lead us too far, or even in some wrong direction. How this modern evidence ought, in my opinion, to be used is the subject of this present paper.

Modern Greek in Asia Minor

1910 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Dawkins
Keyword(s):  
Good Deal ◽  
Asia Minor ◽  
Local Study ◽  
Modern Greek ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Village ◽  
The Way

This paper is the result of some six weeks' local study of the dialects of the Greek-speaking villages of Cappadocia and of the village of Silli near Konia in the summer of 1909. The account below of the more important books shows that a good deal has already been written on the subject, but the material is very scattered and incomplete, and does not do more than suggest a great many unanswered questions, nor does it touch more than a few of the villages. Besides giving an account of the dialects, I have therefore tried to smooth the way for future workers by collecting and setting in order this already published material.

Linguistic Theory and the Problem of Mutism

1977 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm K. Read
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Study ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Linguistic Theory ◽  
Language Therapy ◽  
Practical Activity ◽  
Theoretical Linguistics ◽  
Language Pathology ◽  
The Subject ◽  
General Linguistic

Summary Spain in the Renaissance witnessed a growth of interest in the methods of teaching the deaf and dumb to read and write, and, in cases, to speak. This practical activity continued alongside more philosophical speculation concerning the phenomenon of mutism. In this paper the author has tried to show how in the work of Juan Pablo Bonet (1579–1633) there was considerable interaction between the theoretical study of language and the consideration of practical problems concerning mutism. In particular, he believed that the linguistic deficiencies of the deaf revealed the extent to which man’s linguistic attributes in general may be deemed ‘natural’ or ‘conventional’. Work on mutism declined in Spain after Bonet, but at the end of the 18th century "another Spanish scholar, Lorenzo Hervás y Pan-duro (1735–1809), made another notable contribution to the subject. The author illustrates how Hervás, like Bonet, speculated intelligently on the light that language pathology throws on more general linguistic problems. He suggests that a study of traditional linguists of ‘applied’ interests is particularly rewarding at a time when scholars are again seeking a closer relationship between theoretical linguistics and language therapy.

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