International Air Transport: A Microsystem in Need of New Approaches

1971 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 875-898
Author(s):  
Frederick C. Thayer
Keyword(s):  
International Business ◽  
World Politics ◽  
International Organization ◽  
Air Transport ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Political Scientist ◽  
International Civil Aviation Organization ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Technical Factors ◽  
Political Economic

International air transport is a microsystem which includes most of the variables of the international macrosystem. As Young W. Kihl has put it, for example, a functional international organization such as the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) operates within the milieu of the larger system, reflects the constraints of that system, and can, therefore, be examined in the context of world politics. The transport system combines political, economic, military, and important technical factors with the often contradictory objectives of international, transnational, national, and subnational actors. It is small wonder that comprehensive studies of the subject are difficult to find. None of these books is all-inclusive, but, of those which are original contributions, the range of disciplines represented in them is formidable: Included are the opinions of a political scientist (Kihl), two professors of law (Thomas Buergenthal and K. G. J. Pillai), one economist (Mahlon R. Straszheim), and a professor of international business (Robert L. Thornton). The latter two are the most policy oriented overall. Pillai concentrates on the International Air Transport Association (IATA), an association of the carriers themselves, and Buergenthal and Kihl focus on ICAO, an association of states and a specialized agency of the United Nations.

Transnational Institutions in Developing Countries: The Case of Iranian Civil Aviation

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Carney ◽  
Mehdi Farashahi
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Air Transport ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Organizational Practice ◽  
International Civil Aviation Organization ◽  
World War ◽  
Technical Factors

The proliferation of transnational institutions in the form of protocols, conventions, regimes and standards is a growing influence on organizational practice. Recent work on the origins and impact of transnational institutions focuses upon processes in ‘core’ states, but their influence in developing countries has not received much attention. In this paper we narrate a case study of the diffusion of two institutional regimes represented by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and the International Air Transport Association (IATA) in Iranian civil aviation. The case study describes a seemingly frictionless and uncontested embedding of the emergent international aviation regime in post-World War II Iran and a severe challenge to those institutions in the years following Iran's Islamic revolution. We characterize the rise and decline of these regimes as a double process of institutionalization and de-institutionalization, and identify political and technical factors that drive institutional change. We discuss several theoretical and policy implications stemming from the experience of transnational aviation institutions in Iran.

Provisional International Civil Aviation Organization

1947 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-129
Keyword(s):  
International Organization ◽  
Air Transport ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
International Civil Aviation Organization ◽  
The World ◽  
The Creation

The statute for the creation of the Provisional International Civil Aviation Organization was the product of the International Civil Aviation Conference held in Chicago, Illinois, November 1 to December 7, 1944. The Conference agreed that pending the establishment of a permanent international organization to handle problems of air transport, a provisional organization, to exist for not more than three years, should be created when 26 countries had ratified the agreement, to start work on the complex issues arising from the extension of international air routes to most of the major countries of the world.

International Civil Aviation Organization

1951 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-204
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
Air Transport ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
International Civil Aviation Organization ◽  
International Telecommunication Union ◽  
International Telecommunication ◽  
The Far East ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Government ◽  
Air Navigation Services

The second part of the eleventh session of the Council of ICAO was convened in Montreal on September 27, 1950. The government of Spain dispatched a delegation to Montreal to take part in the meetings and arrange for that government's entry into the International Civil Aviation Organization. The agenda included: 1) appointment of members to serve on the Air Navigation Commission, Air Transport Committee, the Committee on Joint Support of Air Navigation Services, and the Finance Committee; 2) the proposals of the Secretary-General, Dr. Albert Roper, for reorganization of the secretariat and the question of his successor for 1951; 3) the site for a permanent office for the far east and the Pacific; 4) schedules for meetings of the subordinate bodies of the organization for 1952; and 5) a preliminary scale of contributions for 1952. The work of the Air Navigation Commission was surveyed in the report of the commission on 1) “differences” from ICAO standards, 2) sites for AIR, OPS and COM division meetings, and 3) necessary changes in abbreviations and symbols. Special attention was given to the formulation of ICAO's position on charges for airline operated agency messages carried over the aeronautical network and a study of this problem was to be undertaken in collaboration with the International Telecommunication Union. The Council also was to discuss the communication to the Universal Postal Union on air mail charges upon which the member governments had made comments.

Transponders in Civil Aviation

1980 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-258
Author(s):  
S. Ratcliffe
Keyword(s):  
World Wide ◽  
Past History ◽  
International Agreements ◽  
Air Transport ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Steady Growth ◽  
Navigation And Control ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Historical Basis ◽  
And Control

Air transport is characterized by a rapid and fairly steady growth in the size, numbers and speed of the vehicles. The systems for navigation and control of this traffic have evolved with the changing problem, and heavy demands have been, and are being, made on electronic technology. At the same time, heavy emphasis is laid on the need for evolutionary changes; old and new systems must be compatible. The present investment, world-wide, in civil air transport is about £100000M. World-wide compatibility is essential between air and ground electronic subsystems, and such systems and operating procedures are, eventually, the subject of international agreements. It follows that any system changes must be heavily influenced by past history, and for that reason it is proposed to discuss airborne secondary radar transponders on a historical basis.

scholarly journals Rotorcraft in the Performance Based Navigation International Civil Aviation Organization Implementation

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-64
Author(s):  
Andrzej Fellner ◽  
Robert Konieczka
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Management ◽  
Air Traffic Management ◽  
Air Transport ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
General Assembly ◽  
International Civil Aviation Organization ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Performance Based Navigation ◽  
Navigation Accuracy ◽  
Efficiency Improve

Abstract European Commision adopted in July new regulations about laying down airspace usage requirements and operating procedures concerning performance based navigation. It is next step in realization of the the global program PBN ICAO. At the 36th General Assembly of ICAO held in 2007, the Republic of Poland agreed to ICAO resolution A36-23 which urges all States to implement PBN. In future aviation concepts the use of Performance Based Navigation (PBN) is considered to be a major Air Traffic Management (ATM) concept element. ICAO has drafted standards and implementation guidance for PBN in the ICAO Doc 9613 “PBN Manual”. The Based Performance Navigation Concept represents and shift from sensor-based to performance based navigation connected with criteria for navigation: accuracy, integrity, availability, continuity and functionality depending on the phase of the flight. Through PBN and changes in the communication, surveillance and ATM domain, many advanced navigation applications are possible to improve airspace efficiency, improve airport sustainability, reduce the environmental impact of air transport in terms of noise and emission, increase safety and improve flight efficiency.

International Civil Aviation Organization

1950 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-488
Keyword(s):  
Annual Report ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
International Civil Aviation Organization ◽  
Draft Convention ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Joint Ownership ◽  
International Services ◽  
Trunk Routes ◽  
Supplementary Report ◽  
Fourth Session

CouncilNinth Session: The ICAO Council met in its ninth session in Montreal from January 27 to April 6, 1950 a session devoted primarily to a re-examination of the provisional agenda of the fourth session of the Assembly. The Council decided that the period covered by its annual report to the Assembly should coincide with the calendar year, leaving the period from the first of the year to the opening of the Assembly as the subject of a supplementary report. In considering the work of the fifth session of the Legal Committee, the Council agreed that the draft Convention on Damage Caused by Aircraft to Third Parties on the Surface, a convention which had been prepared by the committee, should be presented to the fourth Assembly which could then consider the desirability of adopting and opening it for signature. Accordingly, the Legal Committee's covering report was distributed to the Contracting States. The Council also decided to recommend to the Assembly that no further consideration be given the question of joint ownership and operation of international services on trunk routes until such times as some group of states, envisaging joint ownership or operation, put forward specific proposals for that purpose.

International Civil Aviation Organization

1947 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 521-523
Keyword(s):  
International Collaboration ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Air Transport ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
International Civil Aviation Organization ◽  
Plenary Meeting ◽  
Multilateral Agreement ◽  
Legal Questions ◽  
Technical Aid

First Meeting of the AssemblyThe Assembly of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) convened for its first meeting at Montreal on May 6 and remained in session until May 27. For the most part its activities during this inaugural session were confined to the problems of organizing the permanent agency, which succeeded the Provisional International Civil Aviation Organization on April 4. At the Second Plenary Meeting on May 7, the Hon. A. S. Drakeford (Australia) was elected President of the Assembly and six commissions were constituted to deal with 1) constitutional and general policy questions such as structure, relations with non-contracting states, immunities and privileges and amendments to the Convention; 2) technical questions of international standards and recommended practices and international collaboration on research; 3) economic questions including the possibility of a multilateral agreement on commercial rights in international air transport, economic burdens on international air transport, statistics, international air mail and registration of air agreements; 4) legal questions such as the drafting of conventions on international air law, recognition of rights in aircraft and the legal status of commanders of aircraft; 5) administrative and financial questions as to the organization of the Secretariat, publications and general finance; and 6) financial and technical aid to member states through ICAO.

scholarly journals Assessment of TAF, METAR, and SPECI Reports Based on ICAO ANNEX 3 Regulation

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 138
Author(s):  
Josef Novotny ◽  
Karel Dejmal ◽  
Vladimir Repal ◽  
Martin Gera ◽  
David Sladek
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Formal Structure ◽  
Air Transport ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
International Civil Aviation Organization ◽  
Complex Survey ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Flight Planning ◽  
Transport Safety ◽  
Alternative Approaches

The Terminal Aerodrome Forecast (TAF) is one of the most prominent and widely accepted forecasting tools for flight planning. The reliability of this instrument is crucial for its practical applicability, and its quality may further affect the overall air transport safety and economic efficiency. The presented study seeks to objectify the assessment of the success rate of TAFs in the full breadth of their scope, unlike alternative approaches that typically analyze one selected element. It aspires to submit a complex survey on TAF realization in the context of ANNEX 3 (a regulation for Meteorological Service for International Air Navigation issued by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)) defined methodology and to provoke a discussion on the clarification and completion of ANNEX 3. Moreover, the adherence of TAFs to ICAO ANNEX 3 (20th Edition) is examined and presented on the example of reports issued in the Czech Republic. The study evaluates the accuracy of TAF forecast verified by Aerodrome Routine Meteorological Report (METAR) and Special Meteorological Report (SPECI), whose quality was assessed first. The required accuracy of TAFs was achieved for most evaluated stations. A discrepancy in terms of formal structure between actually issued reports and the ANNEX 3 defined form was revealed in over 90% of reports. The study identifies ambiguities and contradictions contained in ANNEX 3 that lead to loose interpretations of its stipulations and complicate the objectification of TAF evaluation.

Governments and Airlines

1971 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 541-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Thornton
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
International Association ◽  
Air Transport ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
International Civil Aviation Organization ◽  
World War ◽  
National Boundaries

Air transport across national boundaries has increased greatly in scope and intensity since the end of World War II. Although the vast majority of such transport involves private individuals and corporations, governments play a major role in the process. They act as producers, consumers, and regulators of air transport; they have become one of the primary actors in the process. The participation of governments has greatly modified the environment and processes through which carriage is accomplished. Governments have been involved in the establishment of such organizations as die International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), a supranational organization in a narrowly limited way, and the International Air Transport Association (IATA), an international association of airlines, many of which are, in fact, owned or controlled by governments.

International Civil Aviation Organization

1954 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-140
Keyword(s):  
Full Length ◽  
Air Transport ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
International Civil Aviation Organization ◽  
Air Navigation Services

The first full-length session of the Council of the International Civil Aviation Organization since the seventh session of the Assembly opened in Montreal on October 7, 1953. Members and chairmen of the Council's subsidiary organs were appointed by the Council upon the nomination of ICAO members: Walter Binaghi (Argentina) was reappointed chairman of the Air Navigation Commission; Enrique Loaeza (Mexico) was appointed chairman of the Air Transport Committee; and Joaquim de Brito Subtil (Portugal) chairman of the Committee on Joint Support of Air Navigation Services.

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