Rubber Study Group

1953 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 304-305
Keyword(s):  
Working Party ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Committee Meeting ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
American States ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
Development Committee ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Special Concern

The ninth meeting of the Rubber Study Group, held in Ottawa, May 5–9, 1952, was attended by delegations from eighteen countries and territories and observers from the Food and Agriculture Organization, the Organization for European Economic Cooperation, the Organization of American States and the International Rubber Development Committee. Meeting under the chairmanship of the head of the Canadian delegation (Plumptre), delegations exchanged information concerning policies and problems of member governments. A number of short- and long-term problems of special concern to member governments, the producing and manufacturing industries and the rubber trade were discussed and, where necessary, referred to governments for further consideration. Noting that many members of the group were concerned about the uncertainties of rubber production, consumption and price, the study group decided to establish a working party “to consider whether measures designed to prevent burdensome surpluses or serious shortages of rubber are necessary and practicable; to prepare drafts of any agreements required to implement such measures; and to report back to the study group as soon as possible.”

Rubber Study group

1950 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 546-546
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
The United States ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
The World ◽  
Marketing Systems ◽  
Development Committee

The seventh meeting of the Rubber Study Group was held in Brussels from May 2 to 5, 1950 to review the world rubber situation and consider means of expanding consumption and improvement of packing and marketing systems. The meeting was attended by delegations from Australia, Belgium, the United Kingdom colonies, Burma, Canada, Ceylon, Denmark, France, Hungary, Italy, Liberia, the Netherlands, Thailand, the United Kingdom, the United States, the United States of Indonesia, and by observers from the Food and Agriculture Organization and the International Rubber Development Committee.

An Overview of Illegal Logging Situation in Peninsular Malaysia

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-30
Author(s):  
Iqtie Qamar Laila Mohd Gani ◽  
Razak Wahab ◽  
Mohd Sukhairi Mat Rasat
Keyword(s):  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Illegal Logging ◽  
Tropical Timber ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship

The trends of illegal logging and current situation of illegal logging in Peninsular Malaysia were studies. Data and information from year 2001 to 2010 on volume of log productions (m3) and volume of illegal log productions were collected from the government and private sectors such as the Forestry Department Peninsular Malaysia (FDPM), International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO) and Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). The data obtained were statistically analyzed using the correlation analysis to determine the direction and the strength of the relationship between log productions and illegal log productions. The results showed that the trends of illegal logging are on the increased. Eighteen percents (18%) of the logs cut annually are obtained from illegal operation. The log productions and illegal log productions resulted have a weak negative relationship as r = -0.271, p = 0.603 and do not significantly related. The illegal log productions are inversely related with the log productions. It can be concluded that the log productions in Peninsular Malaysia occurred in a small scale and the situation is under control. Proper long-term planning needs to be generated and implemented to prevent the problem from becoming worse.

scholarly journals Interpolation of Global Monthly Rain Gauge Observations for Climate Change Analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 1449-1464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürgen Grieser
Keyword(s):  
Rain Gauge ◽  
Monthly Precipitation ◽  
Change Analysis ◽  
Global Precipitation Climatology Centre ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
Surface Climate ◽  
Local Station ◽  
Global Precipitation

AbstractLong-term global gridded datasets of observed precipitation are essential for the analysis of the global water and energy cycle, its variability, and possible changes. Several institutions provide those datasets. In 2005 the Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC) published the so-called Variability Analysis of Surface Climate Observations (VASClimO) dataset. This dataset is especially designed for the investigation of temporal change and variability. To date, however, the GPCC has not published how this dataset has been produced. This paper aims to fill this gap. It provides detailed information on how stations are selected and how data are quality controlled and interpolated. The dataset is based only on station records covering at least 90% of the period 1951–2000. The time series of 9343 stations were used. However, these stations are distributed very inhomogeneously around the globe; 4094 of these stations are within Germany and France. The VASClimO dataset is interpolated from relative deviations of observed monthly precipitation, leading to considerably lower interpolation errors than direct interpolation or the interpolation of absolute deviations. The retransformation from interpolated relative deviations to precipitation is done with local long-term averages of precipitation interpolated from data of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. The VASClimO dataset has been interpolated with a method that is based on local station correlations (LSC) that is introduced here. It is compared with ordinary kriging and three versions of Shepard’s method. LSC outperforms these methods, especially with respect to the spatial maxima of interpolation errors.

scholarly journals Scrutinizing Pork Price Volatility in the European Union over the Last Decade

Animals ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Utnik-Banaś ◽  
Tomasz Schwarz ◽  
Elzbieta Jadwiga Szymanska ◽  
Pawel Mieczyslaw Bartlewski ◽  
Łukasz Satoła
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Price Volatility ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Pork Production ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
Cyclical Component

The aim of this study was to analyze the factors that can influence pork prices, particularly the effects of various types of fluctuations on the volatility of pork prices in the European Union as a whole market and individual EU countries. The research material consisted of monthly time series of pork prices collected from 2009 to 2020. These data originated from the Integrated System of Agricultural Information coordinated by the Polish Ministry of Agriculture. Information on global pork production volumes is from the Food and Agriculture Organization Statistics (FAOSTAT) database. Time series of prices were described by the multiplicative model, and seasonal breakdown was performed using the Census X-11 method. The separation of the cyclical component of the trend was performed using the Hodrick–Prescott filter. In 2019, pork production in the European Union totaled 23,954 thousand tonnes, which accounted for 21.8% of global pork production. The largest producers were Germany, Spain, and France, supplying more than half of the pork to the entire European Union market. Pork prices in the EU, averaged over the 2009–2020 period were Euro (EUR) 154.63/100 kg. The highest prices for pork were recorded in Malta, Cyprus, Bulgaria, and Greece, whereas the lowest prices in Belgium, the Netherlands, Denmark, and France. The breakdown of the time series for pork prices confirmed that, in the period from 2009 to 2020, pork prices exhibited considerable fluctuations of both a long-term and medium-term nature as well as short-term seasonal and irregular fluctuations. Prices were higher than average in summer (with a peak in June–August) and lower in winter (January–March). Overall, the proportions of different types of changes in pork prices were as follows: random changes—7.9%, seasonal changes—36.6%, and cyclical changes—55.5%.

Sahelian countries face acute hunger crisis

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Rural Economy ◽  
Acute Malnutrition ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Crisis Prevention ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
Food Shortages ◽  
The Cost

Subject Food shortages and insecurity in the Sahel. Significance The UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the UN Children's Fund (UNICEF) and the World Food Programme (WFP) warned in May that 1.6 million children are in danger of acute malnutrition and 5.0 million people are in need of food assistance in the Sahel and parts of West Africa. Drought and conflict have left 7.1 million people in the Sahel in need of food aid, the Food Crisis Prevention Network (RPCA) warned in April. Pastoral societies are severely affected. The range of food shortages and socio-economic crises in the Sahel reflects the region’s vulnerability to annual drought and long-term climate change, as well as challenges posed by insecurity. Impacts France will emphasise counter-terrorism even though the cost of fighting terrorism undermines the Sahel’s capacity to avert food crises. The region will remain vulnerable to annual droughts. Long-term climate change will threaten the sustainability of the rural economy upon which the majority of the population still depend.

The Proposed International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas

1967 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 673-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Carroz ◽  
A. G. Roche
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Working Party ◽  
International Commission ◽  
Rational Utilization ◽  
International Convention ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
Draft Convention ◽  
The Subject

A Conference of plenipotentiaries, convened by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), met in Rio de Janeiro from May 2 to 14,1966, to consider the rational utilization of tuna resources in the Atlantic Ocean. The Conference had before it a draft convention which had been drawn up by an FAO Working Party of government representatives, and adopted and opened for signature an International Convention for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas which provides for the establishment of a new fishery commission. As the subject of intergovernmental fishery bodies is one which has been somewhat neglected by international lawyers, the purpose of this article is to examine the constitutional and legal characteristics of the proposed Commission in the context of the numerous other intergovernmental fishery bodies already in operation.

Long-Term Outcomes after Spleen-Preserving Distal Pancreatectomy for Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: Results from the US Neuroendocrine Study Group

2020 ◽  
Vol 111 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 129-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kota Sahara ◽  
Diamantis I. Tsilimigras ◽  
Amika Moro ◽  
Rittal Mehta ◽  
Mary Dillhoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distal Pancreatectomy ◽  
Neuroendocrine Tumors ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Spleen Preserving ◽  
The Us ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
The Impact

<b><i>Background:</i></b> The adoption of spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy (SPDP) for malignant disease such as pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs) has been controversial. The objective of the current study was to assess the impact of SPDP on outcomes of patients with pNETs. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Patients undergoing a distal pancreatectomy for pNET between 2002 and 2016 were identified in the US Neuroendocrine Tumor Study Group database. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to compare short- and long-term outcomes of patients undergoing SPDP versus distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy (DPS). <b><i>Results:</i></b> Among 621 patients, 103 patients (16.6%) underwent an SPDP. Patients who underwent SPDP were more likely to have lower BMI (median, 27.5 [IQR 24.0–31.2] vs. 28.7 [IQR 25.7–33.6]; <i>p</i> = 0.005) and have undergone minimally invasive surgery (<i>n</i> = 56, 54.4% vs. <i>n</i> = 185, 35.7%; <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001). After PSM, while the median total number of lymph nodes examined among patients who underwent an SPDP was lower compared with DPS (3 [IQR 1–8] vs. 9 [5–13]; <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001), 5-year overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were comparable (OS: 96.8 vs. 92.0%, log-rank <i>p</i> = 0.21, RFS: 91.1 vs. 84.7%, log-rank <i>p</i> = 0.93). In addition, patients undergoing SPDP had less intraoperative blood loss (median, 100 mL [IQR 10–250] vs. 150 mL [IQR 100–400]; <i>p</i> = 0.001), lower incidence of serious complications (<i>n</i> = 13, 12.8% vs. <i>n</i> = 28, 27.5%; <i>p</i> = 0.014), and shorter length of stay (median: 5 days [IQR 4–7] vs. 6 days [IQR 5–13]; <i>p</i> = 0.049) compared with patients undergoing DPS. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> SPDP for pNET was associated with acceptable perioperative and long-term outcomes that were comparable to DPS. SPDP should be considered for patients with pNET.

scholarly journals Analysis of Soybean Availability in Indonesia

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 042
Author(s):  
Grace Natalia ◽  
Dwidjono Hadi Darwanto ◽  
Slamet Hartono
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Error Correction ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Correction Model ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
Ministry Of Finance

This study aimed to determine the factors affected the soybean availability in Indonesia. This study used secondary data obtained from FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization), World Bank, and the Ministry of Finance. In this study, the data from 1964 to 2013 used to determine the factors affected soybean availability in Indonesia . The Error Correction Model (ECM) was used to determine the factors affected soybean availability. The results showed that (1) the data were stationary at first difference; (2) the data used co-integrated means long-term parameters; (3) ECT coefficient was 0.846 (significant at α = 5%) indicated the model used was valid. Soybean availability in Indonesia in the short term was positively influenced by the total planted area, total soybean consumption, and soybean import tariffs. In the long term, soybean availability in Indonesia was positively influenced by the total planted area, productivity of soybean, domestic soybean prices, soybean consumption, and rupiah exchange rate to dollar. In the long-term, availability of soybeans was negatively affected by the price of imported soybean.

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