Reports and Surveys

Robotica ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 591-598
Author(s):  
B. H. Rudall
Keyword(s):  
International Federation ◽  
Industrial Robots ◽  
Technological Evolution ◽  
United Nations Economic Commission ◽  
Economic Commission ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Joint Report

The statistics provided by the United Nations Economic Commission (ECE) and the International Federation of Robotics (IFR) supply us with an up-to-date insight into the world robot market. This joint report tells us a great deal about the technological evolution of industrial robots since their introduction at the end of the 1960s. We know that real prices have declined, and the performance of robots is continuously improving. Robots are now in use in a wide range of applications in countries worldwide.

Becoming the World's Biggest Brewer

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Bertrams ◽  
Julien Del Marmol ◽  
Sander Geerts ◽  
Eline Poelmans
Keyword(s):  
Local Environment ◽  
Success Story ◽  
Beer Industry ◽  
National Market ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Global Company ◽  
Insight Into

AB InBev is today’s uncontested world leader of the beer market. It represents over 20 per cent of global beer sales, with more than 450 million hectolitres a year flowing all around the world. Its Belgian predecessor, Interbrew, was a success story stemming from the 1971 secret merger of the country’s two leading brewers: Artois and Piedboeuf. Based on first-hand material originating from company and private archives as well as interviews with managers and key family actors, this is the first study to explore the history of the company through the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.The story starts in the mid-nineteenth century with the scientific breakthroughs that revolutionized the beer industry and allowed both Artois and Piedboeuf to prosper in a local environment. Instrumental in this respect were the respective families and their successive heirs in stabilizing and developing their firms. Despite the intense difficulties of two world wars in the decades to follow, they emerged stronger than ever and through the 1960s became undisputed leaders in the national market. Then, in an unprecedented move, Artois and Piedboeuf secretly merged their shareholding in 1971, though keeping their operations separate until 1987 when they openly and operationally merged to become Interbrew. Throughout their histories Artois, Piedboeuf, and their successor companies have kept a controlling family ownership. This book provides a unique insight into both the complex history of these three family breweries and their path to becoming a prominent global company, and the growth and consolidation of the beer market through the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.

Haile Selassie's Imperial Modernity: Expatriate Architects and the Shaping of Addis Ababa

2016 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayala Levin
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
African Unity ◽  
United Nations Economic Commission ◽  
The Past ◽  
Economic Commission ◽  
Organization Of African Unity ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The City

In the 1960s, Addis Ababa experienced a construction boom, spurred by its new international stature as the seat of both the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa and the Organization of African Unity. Working closely with Emperor Haile Selassie, expatriate architects played a major role in shaping the Ethiopian capital as a symbol of an African modernity in continuity with tradition. Haile Selassie's Imperial Modernity: Expatriate Architects and the Shaping of Addis Ababa examines how a distinct Ethiopian modernity was negotiated through various borrowings from the past, including Italian colonial planning, both at the scale of the individual building and at the scale of the city. Focusing on public buildings designed by Italian Eritrean Arturo Mezzedimi, French Henri Chomette, and the partnership of Israeli Zalman Enav and Ethiopian Michael Tedros, Ayala Levin critically explores how international architects confronted the challenges of mediating Haile Selassie's vision of an imperial modernity.

scholarly journals Getting energy balance right in an obesogenic world

2019 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Bernadette Moore ◽  
Christine Boesch
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Food Environment ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Public Health Interventions ◽  
Financial Costs ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Insight Into

Currently the world is facing an incredibly costly epidemic of obesity. Almost two-thirds of UK adults are either overweight or obese with estimated financial costs to the UK economy alone of £27 billion per year. While fundamentally obesity is a disorder of energy balance, several decades of research has demonstrated that maintaining energy balance is much more complex than the ‘energy in equals energy out’ equation that was once touted. The purpose of the 2018 Nutrition Society Summer Conference, ‘Getting energy balance right’ was to provide insight into the numerous factors influencing energy balance, considering varying needs across the lifespan, while highlighting advances and gaps in knowledge. Papers presented in this issue illustrate the wide range of factors involved in maintaining energy balance, including: epigenetics, the gut microbiome, physical activity and dietary factors including sugar. Given the complexity of energy balance, systems approaches were highlighted as useful for both understanding metabolism and pathophysiology, and for understanding how public health interventions to treat and prevent obesity should be implemented. The meeting concluded that numerous stakeholders, from individuals, to schools, industry and government, have roles to play in fostering a positive food environment that facilitates the maintenance of energy balance throughout the lifespan.

scholarly journals Studying Attitudes to Work Worldwide, 1500–1650: Concepts, Sources, and Problems of Interpretation

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (S19) ◽  
pp. 25-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel van der Linden
Keyword(s):  
New Work ◽  
Work Ethics ◽  
Work Attitude ◽  
Present Essay ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Different Parts

SummaryThe period 1500–1650 was characterized by huge global transformations. These had a major impact on a wide range of societal forms and cultures. As a result, different work ethics clashed and formed hybrid combinations, and new work ethics came into being during many-sided confrontations. The question of how the labouring poor in different parts of the world experienced these changes in the context of their work is an extremely difficult one. The present essay attempts to define a number of key concepts (“work”, “attitude”); it evaluates critically the various sources which might give us an insight into attitudes to work; and it reflects on interpretative difficulties. The essay concludes by presenting a few substantive hypotheses.

scholarly journals Globalization

1998 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 107-117
Author(s):  
John A. Pennell
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
Social Process ◽  
International Economy ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Cultural Processes ◽  
National Boundaries ◽  
The 1960S

Since the 1960s, the world has witnessed an increasing fragmentationof the production process across national boundaries; the emergence oftransnational (as opposed to multinational) corporations; the rise of newsocial movements; and heightened cross-border flows of capital andlabor. As a result of these developments, scholars and practitioners havesought to understand what has brought about these changes. Is globalizationthe culprit, or is it simply a myth? If globalization is a reality, whatdoes it entail and how does it affect the realms of economy, polityy andsociety? In Paul Hirst and Grahame Thompson’s Globalization inQuestion: The International Economy and the Possibilities ofGovernance (1 996); James H. Mittelman’s (Ed.) Globalization: CriticalReflections (1 996); and Malcolm Waters’ Globalization (1 999, the struggleto answer these questions and many others is undertaken.’This article critiques the major points presented by each author inregard to the questions asked above. Each author’s views on globalizationas it relates to the economy, the state, and culture will be examined.Furthermore, this article will show that while all three works have theirdrawbacks and shortcomings, it is recommended that each book be readto gain an understanding of the wide range of empirical and theoreticalperspectives on globalization. The conclusion will offer suggestions onareas requiring more in-depth inquiry.What Is Globalization?While Mittelman, as well as Hirst and Thompson, discuss globalizationprimarily in terms of economic processes, Waters sees globalizationas driven by social or cultural processes. According to him, globalizationis a “social process in which the constraints of geography on social andcultural arrangements recede and in which people become increasinglyaware that they are receding” (p. 3). Waters contends that in a truly ...

scholarly journals Examination of UNECE Recommendations to Enhance Energy Efficiency in Buildings using DEMATEL

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4S2) ◽  
pp. 225-230
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Major Part ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Building Energy Efficiency ◽  
United Nations Economic Commission ◽  
Conservation Of Energy ◽  
Economic Commission ◽  
Insight Into

Achieving Energy efficiency in Buildings is one of the national Key Performance Indicators in many countries. Because Major part of the generated energy is consumed by buildings, it is evident that achieving energy efficiency in buildings compliments in conservation of energy and its resources along with attaining sustainability. This research work is analysis of such building energy efficiency recommendations for Enhancing energy efficiency in buildings. The recommendations discussed in this paper were proposed by United Nations Economic commission for Europe (UNECE) for UNECE region consisting of 56 member countries. This paper analyses the UNECE recommendations, their cause and effects through Decision making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) methodology. The results showed that among all the recommendations, the two that had greater potential in achieving the goal of energy efficiency in buildings are a) National and local authorities’ coordination for continuous development and implementation of building codes and b) Energy policy and legislation. The paper also discusses managerial applications of this research work and provides insight into the recommendations.

scholarly journals Boks w kadrze. Wybrane strategie inscenizacyjne w polskich filmach o boksie z lat sześćdziesiątych i siedemdziesiątych XX wieku

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (36) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominik Wierski
Keyword(s):  
Great Time ◽  
The World ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Made In

In his article, Dominik Wierski analyses and interprets selected staging strategies in Polish films about boxing. The films cited in the text were made in the 1960s and 1970s. It was a dynamic period in Polish cinematography, but also a great time for Polish boxing. The author wonders how filmmakers showed space related to boxing - training rooms, changing rooms, stands and the boxing ring. Selected films, belonging to the most important examples of Polish filmmakers’ insight into the world of boxing, are analyzed in the terms of their use of colors, sound, camera travel, rhythm and pace etc. The purpose of the text is to answer the question of whether Polish films of the ‘60s and ‘70s developed an integral way of discussing boxing and showing its most characteristic spaces.

Data and Methodology

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo Cruces ◽  
Gary S. Fields ◽  
David Jaume ◽  
Mariana Viollaz
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Household Surveys ◽  
Social Expenditure ◽  
United Nations Economic Commission ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Economic Commission ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
Latin American Countries

This study is based on microeconomic data from more than 150 household surveys, five million households, and eighteen million persons contained in the SEDLAC—Socio-Economic Database for Latin America and the Caribbean. These data cover the following sixteen Latin American countries: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, and Venezuela. Based on these household surveys and the SEDLAC harmonization methodology, the study constructs comparable time series for a wide range of labour market, poverty, and income inequality indicators. It also employs aggregate macroeconomic indicators from two sources: the World Bank’s World Development Indicators and the United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean’s database on social expenditure.

What Role for E.C.A.? or Pan-Africanism Revisited

1971 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
James S. Magee
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Downward Trend ◽  
United Nations Economic Commission ◽  
Economic Commission ◽  
Pan Africanism ◽  
The World ◽  
Executive Secretary ◽  
To Come ◽  
As If

For most organisations, a tenth anniversary session is a time for dwelling on the significance of past achievements while resolutely insisting that the best is yet to come in terms of new initiatives. The United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (E.C.A.) proved to be no exception when it met in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, during late January and early February 1969. Yet, behind the formal façade of celebration, one sensed an anxious attempt to overstate the results of past efforts in order to enlist support for a dynamic future which seems highly improbable. Because E.C.A. as an institution faces a serious crisis of confidence, its secretariat and its supporters seemed to seize on the tenth anniversary celebrations almost as if this were the last chance to change radically the Commission's role and image in the eyes of both Africa and the world. Indeed, the 1969 Commission session marked the culmination of an attempt by Robert K. A. Gardiner – the Commission's able Executive Secretary – and his associates to reverse the downward trend of E.C.A.'s influence and prestige since those halcyon early days of 1958–9 when Africans had such great hopes for their Commission.

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