Nutritive value of lucerne. II. Investigations into the influence of systematic cutting at three different stages of growth on the yield, composition and nutritive value of lucerne

1934 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. E. Woodman ◽  
R. E. Evans ◽  
D. B. Norman
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Present Communication ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Primary Object ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
Made In

The present communication is the second contribution to the study of the nutritive characters of the lucerne crop. It deals with investigations that are the outcome of certain preliminary trials carried out in the 1932 season and reported on in an earlier communication(1). The primary object of the present trials was to investigate the composition, digestibility and nutritive value of the first, second and third growths of lucerne under conditions of systematic cutting at the stages of (1) bud and (2) flower. A determination of the digestibility and nutritive value of lucerne in its pre-budding stage of growth was also made. In addition, account has been kept of the effect of cutting lucerne systematically at certain definite stages of growth, namely, pre-budding, budding and flowering, on the yields per acre of dry matter, starch equivalent and digestible protein, and on the health and vigour of the crop.

scholarly journals THE NUTRITIVE VALUE OF HAY FROM FOUR GRASS SPECIES CUT AT THREE STAGES OF GROWTH AT IBADAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-158
Author(s):  
F. O. Olubajo
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Cynodon Nlemfuensis ◽  
Made In

Four grass species namely: Cynodon nlemfuensis var robustus (M); Pennisetum purpureum Schum (N); Cynodon nlemfuensis var nlemfuensis (P); and Panicum maximum Jacq. (Q), each between the 4th and 5th, 6th and 7th, and 8th and 9th week of regrowth, was cut in the fourth and fifth years of grazing for hay (i. e. in 1972 and 1973). Digestion trials with West African dwarf sheep showed that there were significant differences in the extent to which the dry matter of the different grass species was digested (P 0.001) and among the stages of growth (P 0.01). The differences between animals within and between treatments and the interactions between treatments and periods of cutting were statistically not significant. The differences among treatment means indicated that treatment Q (68.5 ± 2.73%) was digested better than treatment M (54.9 ± 7.18%, P 0.001), and treatments N and P (60.3 ± 5.37% and 58.7 ± 5.30% P 0.01) respectively. The digestibility of crude protein was generally low in each of the grass specie studied. This is probably a reflection of the low crude protein content of the grass hays which was below 9 percent of dry matter. It ranged from approximately 27.3 percent in treatment N for the 6th week regrowth hay to 51.9 percent in treatment Q for the hay harvested in the 8th week of regrowth. The differences among treatments, stage of maturity, and the interactions between treatments and stage of cutting were not statistically significant. Significant differences between treatments were observed in the digestion of the energy content of the feeds (P 0.001). Treatments N and Q were better digested than M and P (P 0.05). Expressed on metabolic size basis, the intakes of dry matter, crude protein, and energy showed significant differences between treatments and between ages at harvest. The intakes of dry matter in treatments Q, M, and P were significantly higher (P 0.05) than treatment N while there was more dry matter taken from the 4th and 8th week hays than from the hays made from the species harvested in the 6th week of regrowth (P 0.01). More crude protein was consumed per kg0.75 in treatments M, P and Q than in treatment N (P 0.01), and in treatment M than Q (P 0.05). There were higher protein intakes from hays made in the 4th and 8th than those made in 6th week of regrowth (P 0.05). Treatment Q supplied more energy per kgl. 75 than treatments M, P and N (P 0.05), while more energy was consumed per kilogramme of metabolic size in treatment P than in treatment N (P 0.05). Nutritive Value of Hay. The intake of digestible crude protein was relatively low and this probably accounted for the losses in the liveweight of the experimental animals. The results of the experiment are suggestive of the need for supplementary protein feed during the dry season if animals are to make any liveweight gains.

Effect of stage of growth and urea addition on the preservation and nutritive value of whole crop wheat

1991 ◽  
Vol 1991 ◽  
pp. 150-150
Author(s):  
J. Hill ◽  
J.D. Leaver
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Urea Addition ◽  
New Crop

Whole crop wheat (WCW) is a relatively new crop as a feed for dairy cows, and little information is available on its dry matter yield and nutritive value relative to stage of growth at harvest. Also, the role of urea (which hydrolyses to ammonia in the crop) addition in reducing fermentation and aerobic spoilage losses has not been investigated.The aim of this experiment was to examine three stages of growth at harvest for WCW, with and without urea.An area of winter wheat (cv Fortress) was cut (5 cm above ground) at three growth stages (GS 49, 71 and 87). The resultant forages were chopped through a precision-chop harvester and stored in air-tight barrels of 0.225 m3 capacity. Urea was added at 0 and 40 g/kgDM at each stage of growth and there were three replicates of each treatment. Thermocouples placed centrally were used to monitor temperature changes. The mini silos held approximately 100 kg of forages and they were opened after 90 days. Vertical cores were taken as samples and the mini silos were left open for a further 18 days to assess aerobic deterioration.

DIGESTIBILITY AND VOLUNTARY INTAKE OF FORAGES FED AS HAY OR WILTED SILAGE TO BEEF STEERS

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 879-889 ◽  
Author(s):  
HELENE V. PETIT ◽  
J. R. SEOANE ◽  
PAUL M. FLIPOT
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Crude Fiber ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Forage Digestibility ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
Highly Correlated

Thirty-six steers (334 kg avg body wt.) were used to study the nutritive value of alfalfa (cv. Saranac), timothy (cv. Climax) and a mixture of red clover-timothy-Kentucky bluegrass. For 2 wk, the forages were fed ad libitum as either hay or silage. Dry matter (DM) intake was measured during the second week. Digestibility was determined during the fourth week by total collection with DM intake limited to 90% of that obtained previously. DM intake was highest for alfalfa and lowest for the grass mixture (P < 0.05) but was not affected by the method of storage. Total digestible nutrient values were similar for all forages. DM intake was highly correlated with lignocellulose content (r = −0.97, P < 0.01). Digestible protein intake was estimated by an equation previously obtained with sheep (r = 0.94, P < 0.01). Dry matter and energy digestibilities were similar for all treatments. Protein digestibility of alfalfa (67.4%) was higher than for timothy and the grass mixture while the opposite was observed for crude fiber. Comparing silages to hays, silage digestibility of crude fiber was five units higher and that of protein three units lower (P < 0.05). Digestibility of cell constituents was highest for alfalfa and lowest for timothy (70.5% vs 60.9%). Cell wall digestibility was highest for timothy (59.5%) followed by the grass mixture (57.5%) and alfalfa (47.4%). True digestibility of nitrogen was estimated to be 82.7% with a metabolic excretion of 5.74 g of N/kg of DM intake. Summative equations could not predict DM digestibility accurately. Key words: Nutritive value, steer, hay, silage, forage digestibility

The nutritional value of some tropical grasses

1965 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Grieve ◽  
D. F. Osbourn
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Tropical Grasses ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Pasture Grasses ◽  
Gross Energy

1. Twenty feeding and digestibility trials were carried out on seven tropical grasses to determine their nutritional value at different stages of growth, and to study their suitability as possible pasture grasses.2. Content of crude protein was relatively high at immature growth stages of the forages, and declined rapidly with the onset of flowering.3. Digestibility of dry matter and gross energy increased in most of the forages tested to the 5-week stage of regrowth but declined rapidly in mature stages of forages tested at 6 or 8 weeks of regrowth. Digestibility of crude protein declined with increasing maturity of the forages.4. The Nutritive Value Index of each forage was highest at four or five weeks of regrowth. The optimum time to graze the forages tested would occur between 4 and 5 weeks of regrowth, at the stage when flowering commences. This would combine high yield of forage with high nutritional value.

Treatment of Wastewaters from the Tomato Concentrate Industry in High Rate Algal Ponds

1987 ◽  
Vol 19 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 43-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Rodrigues ◽  
J. F. Santos Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Important Process ◽  
Detention Time ◽  
Food Industries ◽  
High Rate Algal Ponds

High rate algal ponds are an important process of biological treatment used either for domestic sewage or food industries effluents and to produce single cell proteins. The results refer to the efficiency of treatment of wastewaters from the tomato concentrate industry and determination of the chemical composition of “Albazod” (microbial biomass) harvested in a pilot system of high rate algal ponds installed in the Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, New University of Lisbon, at Monte da Caparica. Depending on the detention time and period of the year, the following removal efficiencies were obtained: COD 68.1 – 94.6%; TOD 57.6 – 85.0%; N-NH4+ 89.4 – 96.2%; colour 29.6 – 91.7% and turbidity 37.2 – 92.7%. Albazod separated from the effluent has a high nutritive value for low detention times (crude protein values of 31.50% and 30.75% dry matter for 4 days and 5 days of detention time, respectively). The highest productivity value was 30.82 g of dry matter/m2/day and was obtained for a detention time of 4 days.

Evaluation of the nutritive value of grass hays for growing sheep

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 1135-1147 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Seoane ◽  
Ch. Beaulieu ◽  
J. Florez ◽  
G. Dupuis
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Fiber Content ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Acid Detergent Lignin

Data collected during 2 years on four grasses (three cultivars of timothy and one cultivar of bromegrass) harvested at four stages of growth were analyzed to identify variables that affect the nutritive value of grass hays for sheep. From 11 June, the day of the first harvest, to July 25, the percentage of crude protein (CP) decreased 0.17 unit/d (r2 = 0.86, P < 0.001) and the percentage of acid detergent lignin (ADL) increased 0.06 units/d (r2 = 0.74, P < 0.001). Over this period, dry matter (DM) intake decreased at a rate of 0.41 g kg−0.75 d−1 (r2 = 0.54, P < 0.001) and was negatively correlated with fiber content (P < 0.001). Delay of harvest caused a decrease in percent digestibility of 0.39 unit/d for DM (r2 = 0.86, P < 0.001), 0.38 unit/d for energy (r2 = 0.85, P < 0.001), 0.54 unit/d for CP (r2 = 0.77, P < 0.001) and 0.63 unit/d for NDF (r2 = 0.93, P < 0.001). Total digestible nutrients (TDN) decreased 0.35 unit/d (r2 = 0.86, P < 0.001). Date of harvest and %ADL were used to estimate energy value of hays. Digestible energy intake and TDN intake values decreased by 122.4 kJ kg−0.75 (r2 = 0.87, P < 0.001) and 6.6 g kg−0.75 (r2 = 0.89, P < 0.001), respectively, for each 1% increase in ADL of the hays. Equations were developed to estimate digestible DM intake and TDN intake, using NDF and ADF as independent variables. The predictive value of the equations was good when applied to data obtained from previous experiments (r2 = 0.87–0.91, n = 11, P < 0.001). Key words: Nutritive value, forages, sheep

Further investigations of the nutritive value of swill: starch equivalent, and seasonal variation in the composition and feeding value of concentrated swill

1944 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. E. Woodman ◽  
R. E. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Main Ingredient ◽  
Present Communication ◽  
N Protein ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Made In

An attempt has been made in the present communication to assess the value for pigs of urban swill collected during the winter months, when the main ingredients are potato peelings, cabbage leaves and other vegetable residues, and also during the summer months, at which period of the year the quality of the swill is at its lowest level, the product containing substantial proportions of pea pods, cabbage leaves and cabbage stalks. The form known as concentrated swill was used in the digestion trials, since regular and adequate supplies of this could be guaranteed, and, being already cooked, it did not require any heat treatment before feeding.Chemical analysis showed that the winter swill, on account of the presence of the potato peelings, was distinctly richer in N-free extractives than the summer product. The latter, however, was richer i n protein and lime, and, as a result of the replacement of potato peelings by pea pods as the main ingredient, displayed a much more fibrous character than the winter swill.

Investigations into the chemical composition and nutritive value of certain forage plants at medium altitudes in the tropics II. The digestibility and nutritive value of three grasses at different stages of growth

1956 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Todd
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
East African ◽  
Rhodes Grass ◽  
Pennisetum Clandestinum ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
African Grasses ◽  
Chloris Gayana ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
The Tropics

1. The results of nine digestibility trials on three East African grasses, using sheep as experimental animals, are reported.2. In five of the trials Bothriochloa insculpta, at various stages of growth during the season, was used. Chloris gayana (Rhodes grass) was used in two trials, as was Pennisetum clandestinum (Kikuyu grass).3. The results are discussed and are compared with other results from East Africa.4. P. clandestinum has a high digestible protein content and is highly digestible in the early stages of growth, and maintains its high protein content when 9 to 12 in. in height.5. Bothriochloa insculpta and Chloris gayana are moderately highly digestible in the-young stages but are relatively low in digestible protein. As growth ceases during the dry season the digestible protein content falls more rapidly than the starch equivalent with consequent widening of the nutritive ratio.6. It is suggested that the differences between Pennisetum clandestinum and the other grasses may be due to its predominantly vegetative habit.

THE COMPARATIVE NUTRITIVE VALUE OF SPARTINA PECTINATA AND TIMOTHY AT SEVERAL STAGES OF GROWTH

1965 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. G. Nicholson ◽  
J. E. Langille
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Spartina Pectinata ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Stage Of Development

Spartina pectináta (Link) was harvested at four stages of growth (leaf, boot, head, and seed) from an unfertilized area of dikeland and at the final three dates following a late spring application of nitrogen fertilizer. This was compared with timothy (Phleum praténse L.) grown on unfertilized dikeland and harvested on five dates selected to include a similar range of physiological development.The digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and nitrogen, the dry matter consumption by sheep, and the nitrogen content declined as the forages matured. The rate of decline in digestibility of dry matter was greater for the timothy, but there was a maximum difference between species of only 3.5 percentage units.The timothy was consumed in greater amounts by sheep than spartina of similar digestibility. Consumption of the two species did not differ significantly at the seed stage of development, but at immature stages more timothy was consumed.All except the earliest cutting of spartina gave a significantly higher proportion of acetic acid and lower proportion of propionic acid in rumen fluid than did feeding timothy. Advancing maturity had no effect on the proportions of VFA from timothy; with spartina there was an increase in acetic acid and a decrease in butyric acid.It was concluded that spartina harvested at the conventional time in late summer is low in digestibility and is not consumed in sufficient quantity to meet the energy requirement of sheep.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document