Extremity skin temperature in British and Zebu cross cattle

1967 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. G. Johnson ◽  
M. E. D. Webster
Keyword(s):  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Lower Leg ◽  
Zebu Cattle ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Thermal Environments ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Environmental Temperatures ◽  
Skin Temperatures ◽  
Trunk Skin

1. Extremity skin temperature changes in British and Zebu cross cattle examined in moderate thermal environments followed a thermoregulatory pattern similar to that describedby Whittow (1962). At low environmental temperatures, ear and lower leg skin temperatures were usually only slightly above air temperature. At a variable time after air temperatures began to rise or the animals were fed, extremity skin temperatures increased suddenly to near trunk skin temperature.2. In eight of the ten pairs of animals studied in rising ambient temperatures and during feeding after fasting for 36–72 hr, increases in ear temperature were measured in the British animal before similar changes occurred in its Zebu counterpart. Changes in lower leg skin temperature followed a similar pattern.Trunk skin temperatures and respiratory frequencies were significant higher in British cross animals than in Zebu cross animals of similar thermal history. The mean rectal temperature of both British and Zebu cattle was 38·5 °C.

Thermoregulation in Exercising White Rats

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (11) ◽  
pp. 814-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Myhre ◽  
B. Hellstrøm
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Cold Environment ◽  
Exercise Time ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Warm Environment ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Skin Temperatures ◽  
Trunk Skin

Colonic temperatures (TC), heart rates (HR), back skin and tail skin temperatures (TST) were measured in six warm acclimated (+24 °C) male albino rats running on a treadmill at three different work loads (HR ranging from 400 beats/min to 500 beats/min). Ambient temperatures (TA) ranged from about +8 °C to about +30 °C. TC increased immediately upon onset of work. Exercising in a cold environment ultimately made the rats hypothermic and in a warm environment hyperthermic. Within the limits set by the external thermal stress the rats controlled TC independently of the work intensity.High trunk skin temperatures were recorded in all experiments. Exercise in cold and cool environments produced tail skin vasoconstriction. In the 21 °C environment half of the rats produced tail skin vasodilation. In the 28 °C environment most experiments produced this effect. Cessation of work was accompanied by prompt vasoconstriction. The results indicated that exercise time before tail vasodilation was affected by exercise as well as by the tail skin temperature prior to vasodilation.

Shorn and unshorn Awassi sheep IV. Skin temperature and changes in temperature and humidity in the fleece and its surface

1963 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Eyal
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Vapour Pressure ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Direct Sunlight ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Awassi Sheep ◽  
Break Points ◽  
Environmental Temperatures ◽  
Skin Temperatures

1. A comparison was made between the skin temperature, humidity and temperature within and on the surface of the fleece of unshorn and shorn sheep. This study was conducted during various seasons of the year, at different environmental temperatures, while sheep were maintained in the shade or subjected to direct sunlight.2. Accompanying the rise of ambient temperature (in the shade) from 10 to 43° C. there was an increase in skin temperature from 34 to 40° C. and from 28 to 40° C. of the unshorn and shorn sheep, respectively.3. The relationship between the rise in skin temperature and that of ambient temperature was not linear, but showed a stepwise pattern in which the ‘breaks’ occurred at similar environmental temperatures for both groups, although skin temperatures of shorn sheep were lower than the unshorn.4. The diurnal change in skin temperature of the shorn sheep was similar to that of the ambient temperature. The decrease in skin temperature of unshorn sheep sometimes lagged behind the fall in environmental temperature. The seasonal variations between summer and winter were more significant in shorn than in unshorn sheep.5. Fleece surface temperatures measured at the same ambient temperatures ranged between 13 and42° C. and 16·5–39·5° C. in the unshorn and shorn sheep, respectively. In the break points of the rise in skin temperature, there occurred a drop in temperature gradients between the skin and fleece surface. This probably indicates a rise in thermal conductivity of the fleece at these points.6. The temperature gradient per unit of fleece thickness is inversely related to the depth of fleece and is greater the nearer to the skin.7. With exposure to the sun, skin temperatures of both groups greatly increased and occasionally reached 47° C. Under these conditions the differences between shorn and unshorn groups were not consistent.8. Fleece temperatures of unshorn sheep increased greatly upon exposure to the sun. The maximal temperatures were recorded midway between the fleece surface and skin. These temperatures generally reached 55° C. and sometimes even exceeded 60° C.9. At ambient temperatures of 30–35° C. the vapour pressure close to the skin of unshorn sheep ranged between 35–40 mm. Hg. With shorn sheep, however, the vapour pressure close to the skin was similar to that of the environment. In Yotvata there was a rise in vapour pressure close to the skin when the ambient temperature increased to 40–43° C. This rise in humidity was paralleled by a rise of vapour pressure throughout the wool. It was not linear but rather showed a ‘step-wise’ pattern.10. The vapour pressure in fleece and near the skin of sheep subjected to direct sunlight increased considerably (up to 80 mm. Hg). This rise showed a wave-like curve with various degrees of persistency. Appearance of fluid on the skin of Awassi sheep was observed on several occasions.

Forearm blood flow during body temperature transients produced by leg exercise

1975 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. B. Wenger ◽  
M. F. Roberts ◽  
J. A. Stolwijk ◽  
E. R. Nadel
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Forearm Blood Flow ◽  
Bicycle Ergometer ◽  
Vapor Pressures ◽  
Internal Temperature ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Forearm Skin ◽  
Leg Exercise ◽  
Skin Temperatures

Subjects exercised for 30 min on a bicycle ergometer at 30, 50, and 70% of maximal aerobic power in ambient temperatures of 15, 25, and 35 degrees C and vapor pressures of less than 18 Torr. Exercise was used to vary internal temperature during an experiment, and different ambient temperatures were used to vary skin temperatures independently of internal temperature. Forearm skin temperature was fixed at about 36.5 degrees C. Esophageal temperature (Tes) was measured with a thermocouple at the level of the left atrium, and mean skin temperature (Tsk) was calculated from a weighted mean of thermocouple temperatures at eight skin sites. Forearm blood flow (BF) was measured by electrocapacitance plethysmography. Our data are well accounted for by an equation of the form BF = a1Tes + q2Tsk + b, independent of exercise intensity, although some subjects showed an equivocal vasodilator effect of exercise. The ratios a1/a2 (7.5, 9.6, 11.7) are quite similar to the ratios (8.6, 10.4) of the corresponding coefficients in two recent models of thermoregulatory sweating.

scholarly journals Hot or not? Thermal reactions to social contact

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 864-867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda C. Hahn ◽  
Ross D. Whitehead ◽  
Marion Albrecht ◽  
Carmen E. Lefevre ◽  
David I. Perrett
Keyword(s):  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
Facial Skin ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Thermal Reactions ◽  
Skin Contact ◽  
The Face ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Body Temperature Increase ◽  
Skin Temperatures

Previous studies using thermal imaging have suggested that face and body temperature increase during periods of sexual arousal. Additionally, facial skin temperature changes are associated with other forms of emotional arousal, including fear and stress. This study investigated whether interpersonal social contact can elicit facial temperature changes. Study 1: infrared images were taken during a standardized interaction with a same- and opposite-sex experimenter using skin contact in a number of potentially high–intimate (face and chest) and low–intimate (arm and palm) locations. Facial skin temperatures significantly increased from baseline during the face and chest contact, and these temperature shifts were larger when contact was made by an opposite-sex experimenter. Study 2: the topography of facial temperature change was investigated in five regions: forehead, periorbital, nose, mouth and cheeks. Increased temperature in the periorbital, nose and mouth regions predicted overall facial temperature shifts to social contact. Our findings demonstrate skin temperature changes are a sensitive index of arousal during interpersonal interactions.

Effects of apomorphine on thermoregulatory responses of rats to different ambient temperatures

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 469-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Lin ◽  
Y. F. Chern ◽  
Zyx Wang ◽  
H. S. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Dopamine Neurons ◽  
Induced Hypothermia ◽  
Evaporative Heat Loss ◽  
Central Administration ◽  
Mean Skin Temperature ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
6 Hydroxydopamine ◽  
Sites Of Action ◽  
Skin Temperatures

Either systemic or central administration of apomorphine produced dose-related decreases in rectal temperature at ambient temperatures (Ta) of 8 and 22 °C in rats. At Ta = 8 °C, the hypothermia was brought about by a decrease in metabolic rate (M). At Ta = 22 °C, the hypothermia was due to an increase in mean skin temperature, an increase in respiratory evaporative heat loss (Eres) and a decrease in M. This increased mean skin temperature was due to increased tail and foot skin temperatures. However, at Ta = 29 °C, apomorphine produced increased rectal temperatures due to increased M and decreased Eres. Moreover, the apomorphine-induced hypothermia or hyperthermia was antagonized by either haloperidol or 6-hydroxydopamine, but not by 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine. The data indicate that apomorphine acts on dopamine neurons within brain, with both pre- and post-synaptic sites of action, to influence body temperature.

Oxygen consumption and body temperature during sleep in cold environments

1959 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 765-767 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Kreider ◽  
P. F. Iampietro
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Cold Environments ◽  
Body Cooling ◽  
Skin Temperatures ◽  
Body Heat

Six young soldiers slept at the following ambient temperatures: 25.5° to 26℃ (78–80℉), 15° to 18.5°C (60°–65℉) and -32° to -34.5℃ (-25°--30℉). Rectal (Tr) and skin temperatures were recorded and mean weighted skin temperature (Ts) was calculated at -hour intervals every night; oxygen consumption (Vo2) was measured at 6-minute intervals on occasional nights. During sleep at a ‘comfortable’ temperature (25.5℃) Tr, Ts and Vo2 decreased below the resting levels measured just before retiring. During sleep in cold environments, Tr and Ts dropped to still lower levels with the lowest values recorded at an early hour of the night. Vo2 during sleep in the cold did not differ from values recorded during sleep at 25.5℃. Lowest values measured during sleep in the coldest environment were 35.5°C, 30.5℃ and 78 Cal/m2 for Tr, Ts and body heat debt, respectively. These values may represent the limits of body cooling compatible with substantially continuous sleep in the cold. Submitted on February 19, 1959

IV Ketamine-Induced Skin Temperature Changes in a Patient with Unilateral Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) Type II

2020 ◽  
pp. 157-162
Author(s):  
Ashraf F. Hanna
Keyword(s):  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Functional Decline ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Vascular Effects ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Vascular Abnormalities ◽  
Skin Temperatures

Background: Ketamine is increasingly being utilized off-label for numerous difficult-to-treat conditions when conservative treatment options fail to provide an adequate clinical response. One such condition is complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). CRPS is characterized by pain, inflammation, vascular abnormalities, and functional decline. While ketamine has been used successfully to treat the disease, its mechanism of action remains hotly debated and not well-understood. Case Report: Here, we describe a clinical case of CRPS in a female patient who was refractory to conventional treatment options. Skin temperatures were measured in the affected and unaffected limb before, during, and after intravenous infusion with ketamine. We report that skin temperature increased in the CRPS-affected limb despite the known sympathomimetic effects of ketamine expected to produce vasoconstriction. Conclusion: The novel findings presented herein are intended to spur formal well-controlled and powered clinical studies, which may better elucidate the vascular effects of ketamine in this underserved patient population. Key words: Complex regional pain syndrome, depression, esketamine, ketamine hydrochloride, suicidality, thermal imaging

Sweating in cattle. II. Cutaneous evaporative loss measured from limited areas and its relationship with skin, rectal, and air temperatures

1959 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Taneja
Keyword(s):  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Evaporative Loss ◽  
Cutaneous Evaporation ◽  
The University ◽  
Skin Temperatures

1. Three female calves (Shorthorn, Zebux Australian Illawara Shorthorn, and American Brahman) of about 7–8 months old were exposed to different combinations of wet- and dry-bulb temperatures in the psychrometric chamber at the Physiology Department of the University of Queensland.2. A capsule method has been developed for measurement of cutaneous evaporation from limited areas. This method has been described in detail.3. Cutaneous evaporation from the shoulder area of the Zebu cross was significantly higher than that of the Shorthorn. There was, however, no difference between the two animals in their cutaneous evaporation from the belly area.4. In the Zebu cross the cutaneous water losses from the shoulder area, on the average, increased linearly with increase in skin temperature. In the Shorthorn, there was no important increase in the cutaneous evaporation from the shoulder area, although the skin temperature increased by about 2–3/ F.5. The Zebu cross had lower skin temperatures of the shoulder area when compared with that of the Shorthorn. These lower skin temperatures were associated with higher cutaneous evaporation.6. Increase in rectal temperature was not accompanied by increase in cutaneous evaporation in all the three animals studied.7. In all the three calves the cutaneous evaporation increased with increase in air temperature.

scholarly journals Skin Temperatures in Females Wearing a 2 mm Wetsuit during Surfing

Sports ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mackenzie E. Warner ◽  
Jeff A. Nessler ◽  
Sean C. Newcomer
Keyword(s):  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Lower Leg ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Temperature Decrease ◽  
Thermal Sensors ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Lower Back ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Skin Temperatures

The aim of this investigation was to examine regional skin temperatures in recreational female surfers’ wearing a 2 mm thick neoprene wetsuit while surfing and to compare these results to previously published data collected in males participating in an identical study. Female surfers (n = 27) engaged in surfing for at least 40 min while wearing a commercially available 2 mm full wetsuit. Skin temperature of eight different anatomical locations were measured with wireless iButton thermal sensors. Regional skin temperatures significantly differed (p < 0.001) across almost all anatomical regions. Furthermore, regional skin temperatures significantly decreased across time at all skin regions throughout an average surfing session (p < 0.001). The greatest reduction in skin temperature was observed in the lower leg (−5.4 °C). Females in the current study exhibited a significantly greater skin temperature decrease in the lower back (−15.2% vs. −10.8%, p = 0.022) and lower arm (−13.6% vs. −10.8%, p < 0.001) when compared to previous data published in males. Overall, results of the current study are consistent with data previously published on male recreational surfers. However, the current study provides preliminary evidence that the magnitude of change in skin temperature may differ between male and female recreational surfers at some anatomical locations.

Effect of ketamine on thermoregulation in rats

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 963-967 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Lin ◽  
C. F. Chen ◽  
I. H. Pang
Keyword(s):  
Drug Treatment ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Metabolic Heat Production ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Metabolic Heat ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Skin Temperatures

Intraperitoneal administration of ketamine produced dose-dependent hypothermia at the ambient temperatures (Ta) of both 8 and 23 °C in unanesthetized rats. At a Ta of 8 °C, the hypothermia was brought about solely by a decrease in metabolic heat production. There were no changes in either the tail skin temperature (Ttail) or the sole skin temperature (Tsole). At a Ta of 23 °C, the hypothermia was due to an increase in Ttail, an increase in Tsole, and a decrease in metabolic heat production. However, at a Ta of 31 °C, there were no changes in rectal temperature in response to ketamine application, since neither heat production nor skin temperatures (e.g., Ttail and Tsole) was affected by ketamine at this Ta. The data indicate that the effect of the drug treatment may be to decrease heat production and (or) increase heat loss.

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