Some observations on reproduction, weight change under lactation stress and the mothering ability of British and crossbred-Zebu cattle in the tropics

1965 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. Lampkin ◽  
J. F. Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Weight Change ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Zebu Cattle ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Zebu Cows

Data on the performance of British, Africander cross British and Brahman cross British females were examined. Of the animals mated only 56-0% of the homebred British cows produced live calves compared with 77-3 and 73-8% from Africander and Brahman cross cows respectively. Evidence was found that the low calving percentage for the.British females was connected with breeding stress, the British females being frequently unable to maintain weight if pregnancies occurred in two successive years. Under similar stress conditions crossbred-Zebu cows could thrive and breed and crossbred Brahmans in particular would normally maintain their weight.

Oestrous cycle synchronization in Zebu cattle and its use in cattle production and management in the tropics

1973 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Jöchle ◽  
M. A. Hidalgo ◽  
T. Giménez ◽  
R. Garcia C.
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Estradiol Valerate ◽  
Zebu Cattle ◽  
Cattle Production ◽  
Reproductive Life ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
European Cattle ◽  
Zebu Cows

SummaryBetween March and August 1968 to 1970, Chlormadinone acetate (CAP), 10 mg/head/ day, was administered to 668 Zebu cows and heifers for oestrous cycle synchronization for 14, 12, or 9 days, the latter schedule supported by an injection of 5 mg estradiol valerate on day 2 to achieve luteolysis. Applied orally over a period of 14 days, CAP provided a reliable method for cycle synchronization. The severe anoestrous rate experienced in all herds reduced the overall percentage of synchronized animals. Fertility from insemination during the first synchronization period (day 2 to 10 after treatment) was slightly, yet insignificantly reduced, but was completely restored during the second synchronization period (day 20–30). Insemination only during this second synchronization period resulted in conception and pregnancy rates similar to those combined from the first and second synchronization period.Of factors tested for influencing synchronization and fertility, presence or absence of penis-deviated teaser bulls (psycho-stimulation) had no effect on the percentage of animals synchronized, or on post-treatment fertility. In well-managed herds, the percentage of animals responding to treatment was predetermined by the number of animals already cycling, reflecting their phase of reproductive life. Levels of management had an important impact on the success of cycle synchronization combined with artificial insemination. Both methods are managerial tools for improvement of already good management. Their failure under insufficient management conditions has diagnostic value.Possibilities and limits shown for oestrous cycle synchronization in Zebu cattle were similar to those reported in European cattle. Within these limits, CAP can be employed successfully as a means for cycle synchronization, providing sufficient synchronization and acceptable fertility and allowing economical use of artificial insemination.

scholarly journals Survival and weight change among adult individuals of Periplaneta americana (Linnaeus, 1758) (Blattaria, Blattidae) subject to various stress conditions

Biotemas ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jucelio Peter Duarte ◽  
Francielly Felchicher ◽  
Paulo Bretanha Ribeiro ◽  
Marcial Corrêa Cárcamo
Keyword(s):  
Weight Change ◽  
Periplaneta Americana ◽  
Stress Conditions

scholarly journals Trace element nutrition in the tropical zebu cattle type. Lessons from the Gilgel Gibe catchment, Ethiopia

Afrika Focus ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronique Dermauw
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Zebu Cattle ◽  
Health Production ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Trace Element Status ◽  
Trace Element Nutrition ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
The Impact

In the tropics, cattle are majorly dependent on natural pastures growing on poor soils and as a result prone to trace element deficiencies. This work investigated several aspects of trace element nutrition in zebu (Bos indicus) cattle, the most widely used cattle type in the tropics. Through several trials conducted at the Gilgel Gibe catchment, Ethiopia, we aimed to study factors influencing the flow of trace elements from soil to plant and grazing zebu cattle, and to investigate the impact of trace element status on health, production and trace elements in animal products. Overall, trace element, e.g., Cu, deficiencies were widely prevalent. Environment and certain grazing strategies were intimately related and affected trace element supply whereas cattle type affected trace element status. The effect of trace element status on trace elements in animal products was obvious, whereas the impact on health and production was less clear-cut. Key words: trace elements, minerals, cattle, zebu, Bos indicus, Ethiopia, tropics 

scholarly journals Dormancia física de la semilla de Peltophorum pterocarpum (DC.) Backer ex Heyne: estudio morfoanatómico, germinación y emergencia de la plántula

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Solenny Melissa Parra Rivero ◽  
Norberto Maciel-De Sousa ◽  
María Sanabria-Chopite ◽  
Rosario Valera
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Embryonic Axis ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Physical Dormancy ◽  
Hydric Stress ◽  
Sexual Propagation ◽  
The Tropics

  Peltophorum pterocarpum (DC.) Backer ex Heyne es un árbol cuyo crecimiento rápido y adaptación a condiciones de estrés hídrico permiten su uso como ornamental en ciudades secas y calientes de los trópicos. Sin embargo, la propagación por semillas se dificulta debido a la dureza de la cubierta seminal, siendo necesaria la aplicación de tratamientos pregerminativos. El objetivo fue describir el proceso de germinación, emergencia y analizar las posibles causas morfoanatómicas de la dormancia en las semillas de P. pterocarpum. Para ello se estimaron los tiempos de germinación (T10, T50, T90), se estudió la fase plantular y se realizaron láminas semipermanentes. Las semillas son elípticas, homogéneas y opacas. Se evidenció la presencia del hilo, micrópilo, funículo, rafe y el lente o estrofíolo ubicados hacia el extremo hilar.  El embrión es recto y el eje embrional está conformado por la radícula cónica, anfítropa, con dos cotiledones simples, elípticos, carnosos y endosperma escaso. La germinación fue epígea y fanerocotilar, con el primer par de prófilos bipinnados de ocho folíolos. Las características morfoanatómicas de las semillas proporcionan las estrategias para que la especie pueda propagarse a través del tiempo y el espacio debido a la presencia de la dormancia física, la cual se asocia anatómicamente con el tejido esclerenquimático presentado por la presencia de dos capas de células uniformemente engrosadas, lignificadas y compactas, dispuestas en empalizada, junto a una hilera de osteoesclereidas. Para facilitar los procedimientos a seguir por viveristas y productores durante la propagación sexual de la especie, se recomienda evaluar tratamientos pregerminativos.   Palabra clave: Peltophorum pterocarpum, semilla, germinación, dormancia, morfoanatomía.   Abstract Peltophorum pterocarpum (DC.) Backer ex Heyne is a tree whose rapid growth and adaptation to hydric stress conditions allow its use as an ornamental in hot, dry cities of the tropics. However, the propagation by seeds is difficult due to the hardness of the seminal cover, being necessary the application of pregerminative treatments. The objective was to describe the germination and emergence process and to analyze the possible morphoanatomic causes of dormancy in P. pterocarpum seeds. For this, the germination times (T10, T50, T90) were estimated, the seedling phase was studied and semi-permanent sheets were made. The seeds are elliptical, homogeneous, and opaque. The presence of the thread, micropyle, funiculus, raphe, and the lens or strophiolelocated towards the end of the line was evidenced. The embryo is straight and the embryonic axis is made up of the conical, amphitropic radicle, with two simple, elliptical, fleshy cotyledons and scant endosperm. Germination was epigeal and phanerocotylar, with the first pair of bipinnate prophiles with eight leaflets. The morphoanatomical characteristics of the seeds provide the strategies for the species to spread through time and space due to the presence of physical dormancy, which is anatomically associated with the sclerenchymal tissue presented by the presence of two layers of cells uniformly thickened, lignified and compact, arranged in a palisade, next to a row of osteosclereids. To facilitate the procedures to be followed by nurserymen and producers during the sexual propagation of the species, it is recommended to evaluate pregerminative treatments.   Keywords: Peltophorum pterocarpum, seed, germination, dormancy, morphoanatomy.  

scholarly journals FEEDLOT PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF ZEBU CATTLE IN THE MALI SAHEL ZONE II. EFFECT OF UTILIZATION OF SUGARCANE TOPS (Saccharum officinarum) AS BASAL DIET

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 64-69
Author(s):  
E. A. Adebowale ◽  
S. Legel ◽  
K. Dobel
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Zebu Cattle ◽  
Intake Rate ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
The Tropics

A feeding trial to evaluate the per­formance of finishing steers fed main­ly on sugarcane tops with or without cotton­seed and molasses was conducted in Niono, Mali during the dry season. 96 Zebu steers, weighing between 220 and 250kg were randomly alloted to four groups of twenty-four steers each The performance parameters compared were: feed intake, rate of gain, feed conver­sion and carcass characteristics. The diffe­rences observed for feed intake, rate of gain and feed conversion appear to be more related to roughage level rather than source. There were no nutritional disorders. Results from this initial feeding trial indicate that a sugarcane — derived feedstaffs can be used to constitute a major component of finish­ing steer rations particularly in the dry areas of the tropics where sugarcane tops are regarded as wastes.

Polymorphisms in TOX and NCOA2 genes and their associations with reproductive traits in cattle

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregório M. F. de Camargo ◽  
Raphael B. Costa ◽  
Lucia G. de Albuquerque ◽  
Luciana C. A. Regitano ◽  
Fernando Baldi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Association Studies ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Phenotypic Expression ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Zebu Cattle ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
The Tropics

Reproductive traits are an important component of the economic selection index for beef cattle in the tropics. Phenotypic expression of these traits occurs late because they are measured when the animals reach reproductive age. Association studies using high-density markers have been conducted to identify genes that influence certain traits. The identification of causal mutations in these genes permits the inclusion of these single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in customised DNA chips to increase efficiency and validity. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to detect causal mutations in the TOX and NCOA2 genes, previously identified by genome-wide association studies of zebu cattle. DNA was extracted from 385 Nellore females and polymorphisms were investigated by polymerase chain reaction sequencing. Five polymorphisms were detected in the NCOA2 gene and four in the TOX gene that were associated with reproductive traits. Analysis of variance showed that SNP 1718 in the NCOA2 gene was significant for early pregnancy probability (P = 0.02) and age at first calving (P = 0.03), and SNP 2038 in the same gene was significant for days to calving (P = 0.03). Studies investigating polymorphisms in other regions of the gene and in other genes should be conducted to identify causal mutations.

scholarly journals Trace element nutrition in the tropical zebu cattle type. Lessons from the Gilgel Gibe catchment, Ethiopia

Afrika Focus ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-95
Author(s):  
Veronique Dermauw
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Zebu Cattle ◽  
Health Production ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Trace Element Status ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
The Impact

In the tropics, cattle are majorly dependent on natural pastures growing on poor soils and as a result prone to trace element deficiencies. This work investigated several aspects of trace element nutri¬tion in zebu (Bos indicus) cattle, the most widely used cattle type in the tropics. Through several trials conducted at the Gilgel Gibe catchment, Ethiopia, we aimed to study factors influencing the flow of trace elements from soil to plant and grazing zebu cattle, and to investigate the impact of trace element status on health, production and trace elements in animal products. Overall, trace element, e.g., Cu, deficiencies were widely prevalent. Environment and certain grazing strategies were inti-mately related and affected trace element supply whereas cattle type affected trace element status. The effect of trace element status on trace elements in animal products was obvious, whereas the impact on health and production was less clear-cut.

Dietary supplementation of acetylsalicylic acid improved growth, livability and egg production performance in two breeds of commercial layers

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-160
Author(s):  
S. O. Aro ◽  
O. B. Faluyi ◽  
O. O. Awoneye ◽  
G. E. Onibi
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Acetylsalicylic Acid ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Highest Weight ◽  
Ameliorative Effect ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Tropics

Heat stress is a silent threat to the well-being of chickens with negative impacts on their health, performance and productivity in the tropics. This has therefore, necessitated its control among the flocks of poultry. Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) is commonly used to improve the performance and well-being of birds under heat stress but its effects on the production performance of Isa brown (IB) and Harco black (HB) breeds are yet to be examined. Thisstudy was therefore, conducted to unravel the effect of ASA on these birds' performance. One hundred and ninety-two birds comprising 96 IB and 96 HB layers were randomly allotted to four treatment diets supplemented with 0, 0.025, 0.050 and 0.075% of ASA at 48 birds/treatment in four replicates of 12 birds each. Feed intake, weight change, mortality, hen-day egg production (HDEP) and hen-housed egg production (HHEP) were determined. Results showed that IB recorded a higher weight change (806.83±33.45g) than the HB (722.8±35.91g) breed. Dietary ASA supplementation at 0.075% produced the highest weight change (808.52±242.73g) relative to the control (672.92±65.04g). The ASA level at 0.050% produced the lowest mortality (2.46±0.01%). Conclusively, the use of ASA in the diets improved weight change in the birds. The IB breed had a better livability (95.70%) than the HB breed (91.80%). The ASA at 0.050% conferred the best livability (97.54%) on the birds. Also, the use of ASA significantly improved total egg production. The ASA supplementationhad a better ameliorative effect on HB than the IB breed.

scholarly journals Madagascar's grasses and grasslands: anthropogenic or natural?

2016 ◽  
Vol 283 (1823) ◽  
pp. 20152262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria S. Vorontsova ◽  
Guillaume Besnard ◽  
Félix Forest ◽  
Panagiota Malakasi ◽  
Justin Moat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fire Frequency ◽  
Zebu Cattle ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Terrestrial Biomes ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Very High

Grasses, by their high productivity even under very low p CO 2 , their ability to survive repeated burning and to tolerate long dry seasons, have transformed the terrestrial biomes in the Neogene and Quaternary. The expansion of grasslands at the cost of biodiverse forest biomes in Madagascar is often postulated as a consequence of the Holocene settlement of the island by humans. However, we show that the Malagasy grass flora has many indications of being ancient with a long local evolutionary history, much predating the Holocene arrival of humans. First, the level of endemism in the Madagascar grass flora is well above the global average for large islands. Second, a survey of many of the more diverse areas indicates that there is a very high spatial and ecological turnover in the grass flora, indicating a high degree of niche specialization. We also find some evidence that there are both recently disturbed and natural stable grasslands: phylogenetic community assembly indicates that recently severely disturbed grasslands are phylogenetically clustered, whereas more undisturbed grasslands tend to be phylogenetically more evenly distributed. From this evidence, it is likely that grass communities existed in Madagascar long before human arrival and so were determined by climate, natural grazing and other natural factors. Humans introduced zebu cattle farming and increased fire frequency, and may have triggered an expansion of the grasslands. Grasses probably played the same role in the modification of the Malagasy environments as elsewhere in the tropics.

Voluntary food intake, live-weight change and lactation performance of crossbred dairy cows given ad libitum Pennisetum purpureum (napier grass var. Bana) supplemented with leucaena forage in the lowland semi-humid tropics

1992 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Muinga ◽  
W. Thorpe ◽  
J. H. Topps
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Food Resources ◽  
Napier Grass ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Daily Milk

AbstractScarce and poor-quality food resources limit smallholder dairy production in the tropics. Food resources for zerograzing may be improved by intercropping Pennisetum purpureum (napier grass) with Leucaena leucocephala leguminous hedgerows. To evaluate dairy cow performance from this alley cropping system, 36 Ayrshire/Brown Swiss × Sahiwal cows in a 2×3 factorial design were individually fed from the 3rd week of lactation for 14 weeks on diets of napier fodder harvested at 1·0 m or 1·5 m and offered ad libitum, supplemented with 0, 4 or 8 kg fresh weight leucaena fodder. Average daily milk yield during the 2nd week of lactation was a covariate in the analyses of milk yield, and post-partum live weight a covariate in the analyses of dry matter (DM) intake and live-weight change.Napier harvesting height and leucaena level had independent effects on performance. Napier height (1·0 m or 1·5 m) significantly (P < 0·01) affected daily napier DM intake (9·3 and 6·8 kg), total daily DM intake (10·5 and 7·9 kg), daily live-weight losses (165 and 490 g) and daily milk yield (8·6 and 6·9 kg respectively). Leucaena supplementation (0, 4 or 8 kg) significantly (P<0·01) increased total daily DM intake (7·8, 9·3 and 10·4 kg), reduced daily live-weight loss (560,235 and 175 g), and increased daily milk yield (7·3, 7·7 and 8·3 kg respectively). The results show that reasonable dairy performance can be achieved in the tropics by supplementing a napier fodder basal diet with leucaena forage, and highlight the importance of the stage of harvesting of the napier fodder. The results are discussed in relation to the nutrient requirements for milk production given by the Agricultural Research Council (1980 and 1984).

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