Comparisons of kieserite and calcined magnesite for sugar beet grown on sandy soils

1972 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 455-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Draycott ◽  
M. J. Durrant
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Sugar Yield ◽  
Magnesium Uptake ◽  
Exchangeable Magnesium ◽  
The Mean

SUMMARYTwenty-three experiments between 1968 and 1971 compared the effect of no magnesium, 50 and 100 kg/ha magnesium as kieserite and 100 and 200 kg/ha magnesium as calcined magnesite, on yield and magnesium uptake by sugar beet. On average, 100 kg/ha magnesium as kieserite increased the mean sugar yield of 7·55 t/ha by 0·17 t/ha whereas 200 kg/ha magnesium as calcined magnesite increased it by only 0·08 t/ha; on fields with less than 15 ppm exchangeable magnesium the magnesium fertilizers increased sugar yield by 0·34 and 0·10 t/ha respectively and there was no response to either fertilizer when the soil contained more than 25 ppm of exchangeable magnesium.100 kg/ha magnesium as kieserite or calcined magnesite increased magnesium in the dry matter of tops by 0·091 and 0·040% and of roots by 0·013 and 0·004% respectively. Giving 100 kg/ha magnesium as kieserite or calcined magnesite increased uptake of the element in August by 5·1 and 2·6 kg/ha respectively. Differences in soil pH did not influence the uptake of magnesium from kieserite but they greatly affected uptake from calcined magnesite. On the slightly acid soils, the fertilizers were almost equally effective but at pH > 7·6 little magnesium was taken up from calcined magnesite. Glasshouse experiments showed that grinding the calcined magnesite increased the availability of the magnesium.

The effects of potassium and magnesium fertilizers on yield and composition of successive crops of ryegrass, clover, sugar beet, potatoes, kale and barley on sandy soil at Woburn

1968 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Bolton ◽  
A. Penny
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Magnesium Deficiency ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Potassium Sulphate ◽  
Exchangeable Potassium ◽  
Percentage Yield ◽  
Exchangeable Magnesium ◽  
South East England

SUMMARYIn an 8-year field experiment, potassium sulphate and to a lesser extent magnesium sulphate increased yields of all crops both when applied alone and together. Although K/Mg interactions did not affect yields they considerably affected the ratio of concentrations of these elements in the dry matter of the crops. Sodium chloride increased yields of kale but not of barley harvested at ear-emergence.Percentage yield response to potasium followed the orderPotatoes (218%) < clover = barley < sugar beet < kato; < ryegress (17%).Magnesium increased yields from 3 to 10%, most with potatoes.Changes in exchangeable magnesium in the soil reflected differences between applied magnesium and crop uptakes. Changes in exchangeable potassium were less than expected, probably because non-exchangeable potassium was released on plots without added potassium and ‘fixed’ in non-exchangeable forms on plots where much fertilizer potassium had been given.Increase in the incidence of magnesium deficiency symptoms reported recently in South. East England are attributed to the local liming materials containing only small amounts of magnesium and to less F.V.M being applied to crops than previously.

Yield parameters of Beta beets as a basis to estimate the biogas yield

2014 ◽  
pp. 169-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Starke ◽  
Christa Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Sugar Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
N Application ◽  
Fodder Beet ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
N Rates

High biogas yields are expected from sugar beet because of its high root yield. But it has not been analysed yet, which varieties are best suited to reach the highest biogas yield. The study thus aimed at identifying a parameter to estimate the biogas yield of sugar beet. To get a broad variation of yields and beet qualities, field trials were conducted from 2008 to 2011 at 2 sites (Göttingen and Regensburg, Germany) with different sugar beet varieties and fodder beet. Different N application rates were included and furthermore, autumn sown beets (winter beet). Dry matter composition was analyzed, biogas yield and methane concentration were determined in batch experiments. Sugar beet reached root dry matter yields of more than 20tha–1 and thereby exceeded fodder beet. Moderate N application increased root dry matter yield, whereas higher N rates only enhanced the leaf dry matter yield. But most likely, leaves will not be considered for fermentation because of their low concentration of dry matter and organic dry matter. Winter beet reached total dry matter yields of 12tha–1, but dry matter was not as easily digestible as that of spring sown beets. Biogas yield showed a close linear relation to the root dry matter and the sugar yield as well. Sugar beet varieties can therefore be assessed for anaerobic digestion by their sugar yield. As sugar yield is already the main target, breeding for biogas beets will not be substantially different from that for beets used for sugar manufacture.

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer, plant population and irrigation on sugar beet: I. Yields

1971 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Draycott ◽  
D. J. Webb
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Sugar Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Fertilizer Plant

SUMMARYFive experiments (1965–9) on calcareous sandy loam tested all combinations of four amounts of nitrogen (0–1·8 cwt/acre N) and four plant populations (8000–54 000 plants/ acre) given to sugar beet grown with and without irrigation. On average, nitrogen and plant population influenced yields greatly but irrigation relatively little. In all years between 0·6 and 1·2 cwt/acre N and between 17000 and 32000 plants/acre gave largest sugar yield. Giving more nitrogen or increasing the plant population neither increased nor decreased sugar yield much in any year. Irrigation was beneficial in only two out of five years.Sugar yield was linearly related to root dry-matter yield. Although total dry matter was greatest when the largest plant population was given the largest dressing of nitrogen and irrigation, the proportion of dry matter in the roots was decreased by all three factors.

scholarly journals Dynamics of sugar beet root, crown and leaves mass with regard to plant densities and spring nitrogen fertilization

Poljoprivreda ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-39
Author(s):  
Ivana Varga ◽  
Zdenko Lončarić ◽  
Milan Pospišil ◽  
Mirta Rastija ◽  
Manda Antunović
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Beet Root ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sugar Beet Root

This study analyzes the dynamics of sugar beet root, crown, and leaves fresh and dry matter (FM and DM, respectively) accumulation per plant and their mass ratio at different plant densities and nitrogen fertilization. The biennial field trials were set as four different planting densities (60,000, 80,000, 100,000 and 140,000 plants ha-1) and three methods of nitrogen application in spring: control – without nitrogen fertilization (N0), presowing only (N1), and presowing with topdressing (N2). Close to the maturation, the mean DM of the whole root, crown, and leaves on September 20, 2014 amounted to 28.8, 7.3 and 4.0 t ha-1, respectively, whereas it amounted to 20.7, 4.1 and 2.3 t ha-1 in 2015, respectively. Moreover, with regard to the plant densities, the highest root DM was at 140,000 and 100,000 (31.6 t ha-1 in 2014 and 22.4 t ha-1 in 2015), compared to the wider plant densities of 80,000 and 60,000 plants ha-1 (22.4 t ha-1 in 2014 and 18.1 t ha-1 in 2015). Nitrogen fertilization positively influenced on dry matter accumulation, but it was different within the years. On September 20, 2014, a presowing fertilization (N1) increased the root DM by 17%, compared to the control, whereas in 2015 the presowing with topdressing (N2) increased the root DM by 30%. The root-to-leaves FM ratio amounted to 1:3.9 on May 30, 2014, whereas it amounted to 1:0.1 on September 20, 2014. The leaves FM was at its largest on June 20, 2015, when the root-to-leaves ratio amounted to 1:1.1, and gradually decreased to 1:0.1 on September 20, 2015.

Effects of fodder beet on rumen metabolism

1988 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Sabri ◽  
N. W. Offer ◽  
D. J. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fodder Beet ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Rumen Metabolism ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Forage ◽  
In Sacco

ABSTRACTTwo experiments were carried out with sheep, to characterize fodder beet in terms of its effects on rumen function. In experiment A, a study was made of the effects of supplementing hay with fodder beet (FB) on rumen pH and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration compared with two control supplements of either barley/maize (BM) or molassed sugar-beet shreds (SBP). Hay was offered with all three supplements in a 50: 50 ratio on a dry matter (DM) basis. The mean rumen pH for the fodder beet diet was 6·34 and intermediate between two controls (BM 6·20 and SBP 6·38). There was no significant difference in rumen concentration of total VFA for the three different diets (FB, SBP and BM) but there were highly significant effects due to diet for acetic and propionic acid molar proportions (P< 0·001). Molar proportion of propionic acid for diets FB, BM and SBP were 0·2064, 0·2221 and 01880 respectively. The loss of DM from nylon bags incubated in the rumen of sheep given the test diets was 471, 447 and 486 g/kg for FB, BM and SBP respectively. In experiment B, the rate ofin saccoorganic matter (OM) disappearance of the three supplements were compared in sheep given a constant high forage diet (900 g/day hay DM + 200 g/day compound food DM). There were highly significant differences in rates of OM disappearances for the supplements (P< 0·001). The losses of OM measured after 3 h incubation in the rumen were 767, 608, 378 and 236 g/kg for fodder beet, barley/maize, molassed sugar-beet shreds and hay respectively.

Subterranean clover pasture responses to lime application on the acid soils of southern New South Wales

1992 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 1051 ◽  
Author(s):  
BJ Scott ◽  
BR Cullis
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Phosphorus Application

The effects of soil amendment with shallow (0-10 cm) incorporated lime or dolomite were examined at 3 sites with acid soils over 6 years. Measurement was made of soil pH and exchangeable cations, and of subterranean clover dry matter production, seed set, and concentrations of calcium, magnesium, manganese, nitrogen and phosphorus. Application of lime or dolomite increased the production of dry matter, but not by the alleviation of molybdenum deficiency. Response in yield ranged from nil to 47%, with most responses in the range 20-35%. Such responses persisted for 5-6 seasons following lime or dolomite application. Differences in soil pH associated with liming were maintained for the 6 years of measurement, so that the benefits in pasture production from soil amendment are likely to accrue beyond the time span of this study. The analyses of plant dry matter indicated that manganese toxicity may have been a factor in the response to lime at 1 harvest, and that higher nitrogen concentration was associated with liming at another. Generally, the plant analyses did not indicate a clear mechanism for the plant responses to lime, although the soil analyses indicated the presence of exchangeable aluminium in the unamended plots at all 3 sites. The plant responses demonstrated that acidity constrained the yield of subterranean clover grown on these soils.

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer and irrigation on sugar beet at Broom's Barn 1973–8

1983 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Last ◽  
A. P. Draycott ◽  
A. B. Messem ◽  
D. J. Webb
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Sugar Yield ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Plough Layer

SUMMARYDuring 1973–8 six field experiments examined the effect of 0, 41, 82, 124, 166 and 207 kg N/ha with and without irrigation on the growth, yield and quality of sugar beet. The culture of the crops was planned to produce a large yield in order to determine the optimal nitrogen application for the above-average crops which many growers are now seeking to produce. Ammonium nitrate was used as the nitrogen source, broadcast in one dose before sowing as was recommended practice in the early 1970s. The growth of the crop was monitored from the seedling stage to harvest in December, as was nitrogen uptake by the crop, and water removal from the soil using a neutron probe.In 3 years when the weather was dry after drilling, the fertilizer significantly depressed the number of plants which established but plant weights showed that some nitrogen fertilizer was needed early for rapid seedling growth. Changes in the method of applying fertilizer for sugar beet are therefore suggested and are being tested. Soil analyses in the plough layer during establishment (May–June) indicated an optimum concentration of mineral nitrogen of about 40 mg N/kg soil at this stage.Nitrogen fertilizer was very important for a high yield; throughout the growth of the crop it greatly increased total dry-matter yield and at final harvest this was reflected in sugar yield. Considering the six years together, sugar yield was linearly related to both dry-matter yield and total nitrogen uptake. However, within a year, increasing nitrogen uptake above 200 kg N/ha with nitrogen fertilizer did not increase sugar yield; maximum yields of sugar each year were normally obtained with 125 kg N/ha fertilizer or less, and irrigation had little effect on the optimum amount. Explanations for the lack of responsiveness of sugar beet to greater applications of nitrogen fertilizer are being sought in further more detailed analyses of the crop and its environment.

scholarly journals Effective cation-exchange capacity in Finnish mineral soils

1971 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 178-186
Author(s):  
Armi Kaila
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Clay Soils ◽  
Partial Regression Coefficient ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Surface Samples ◽  
The Mean

Effective CEC of 230 mineral soil samples was estimated as sum of (Ca + Mg) and (AI + H) displaced by N KCI. The mean values as me/100 g of soil were, in the surface samples, 15.9 ± 2.0 in 46 clay soils, 8.9 ± 1.3 in 21 silt and loam soils, and 8.3 ± 1.1 in 39 sandy soils. In samples from the deeper layers the corresponding means were 16.3 ± 2.3 in 54 clay soils, 5.6 ± 0.9 in 21 silt and loam soils, and 2.5 ± 0.5 in 49 sandy soils. In surface samples of clay soils the mean effective CEC was about two thirds, in sandy soils of deeper layers about one third, and in all other groups about one half of the corresponding average potential CEC determined by neutral ammonium acetate. In the total material in which clay content ranged from 0 to 95%, organic C from 0.1 to 8.7 %, soil pH from 3.3 to 7.5, and oxalate soluble Al from 1.4 to 47.9 mmol/100 g, the »effective CEC» depended mostly on clay content: the partial correlation coefficient r = 0.90***, and the standard partial regression coefficient β = 0.84. The corresponding coefficients for the relationship between the »effective CEC» and the content of organic C were r = 0.55*** and β = 0.29, soil pH r = 0.35*** and β = 0.16, and oxalate soluble Al r = –0.13 and β = –0.06. The positive effect of liming on effective CEC, particularly, in coarser textured acid soils high in organic matter was emphasized.

Uptake of magnesium and other fertilizer elements by sugar beet grown on sandy soils

1971 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Durrant ◽  
A. P. Draycott
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Maximum Amount ◽  
Sugar Yield ◽  
East Anglia ◽  
Potassium Sodium ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Deficiency Symptoms

SummaryTen experiments (1967–9) on sandy soil in East Anglia measured the effect of magnesium fertilizer on yield and cations in sugar beet. Magnesium fertilizer increased sugar yield by up to 0·80 t/ha and on the three most responsive fields it consistently increased top and root dry·matter yields throughout the growing period.On average, without magnesium fertilizer, the concentration of magnesium in tops progressively decreased from 0·33% at singling to 0·15% at harvest, and in roots from 0·39% to 0·09%. The corresponding decreases with magnesium fertilizer were (tops) from 0·68% to 0·20% and (roots) from 0·48% to 0·10%. Yield was increased by magnesium fertilizers when tops contained less than 0·35% Mg during May, 0·30% during June, 0·22% during July and 0·17% during August. Deficiency symptoms were not visible until the concentration in tops averaged less than 0·2% – the percentage of plants with symptoms increased rapidly at smaller concentrations. Magnesium fertilizer decreased the concentration of calcium in tops and roots but did not affect the concentration of potassium or sodium.The maximum amount of magnesium, potassium, sodium and calcium in tops (August–September) was 11, 218, 75 and 62 kg/ha respectively; these decreased to 8, 168, 55 and 50 kg/ha at harvesting, showing that only about 75% of the largest amount in tops was present at harvest. The amounts removed in roots at harvest were 9 kg/ha Mg, 75 kg/ha K, 11 kg/ha Na and 26 kg/ha Ca. A dressing of 100 kg/ha magnesium increased the amount of magnesium in the crop at harvest by only 4·5 kg/ha.

scholarly journals On the influence of diet on the retention time of food in the digestive tract of cows

1960 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-51
Author(s):  
Aarne Mäkelä ◽  
Liisa Liakka
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sugar Beet Pulp ◽  
Mean Retention Time ◽  
Retarding Effect ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Matter Basis

The retention times of dry matter and its constituents in the digestive tract of cows on hay+sugar beet pulp (5 cows) and cows fed on hay+swedes (8 cows) are compared with the retention times pertaining to cows fed on hay+concentrate or hay only. The following conclusions were reached; On a hay+sugar beet pulp diet the mean retention time of dry matter in the reticulo-rumen, and the retention times of lignin in the reticulo-rumen, in the whole digestive tract, and in the digestive tract following the reticulo-rumen are of the same magnitude as the corresponding retention times on a hay+concentrate diet (figs. 1, 2, 5, and 6). The mean retention time of membrane substances in the reticulo-rumen seems to be shorter and that of valuable N-free nutrients in the reticulo-rumen longer than the corresponding retention times on a hay+concentrate diet (figs. 3 and 4). On a hay+swede diet the mean retention times of dry matter and membrane substances in the reticulo-rumen are of the same magnitude as on a hay+concentrate diet (figs. 1 and 3). The mean retention time of valuable N-free nutrients in the reticulo-rumen and, in abundant feeding, the retention times of lignin in the reticulo-rumen, in the whole digestive tract, and especially in the digestive tract following the reticulo-rumen are shorter than on the hay+concentrate diet (figs. 2, 4, 5, and 6). On the hay+sugar beet pulp and the hay+swede diets the retention times are in general of the same magnitude. However, the retention time of membrane substances in the reticulo-rumen is shorter and that of the valuable N-free nutrients considerably longer on a hay+sugar beet pulp than on a hay+swede diet. Replacing a certain amount of hay by concentrates, sugar beet pulp or swedes on a dry matter basis seems to have no effect on the mean retention time of dry matter in the reticulo-rumen. However, a retarding effect on the rate of passage of typical hay constituents (lignin and membrane substances) and an accelerating effect on that of valuable N-free nutrients characteristic of concentrated foods was observed. The said replacing accelerates the rate of passage of lignin in the disgestive tract following the reticulo-rumen on a hay+swede diet.

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