The timing of nitrogen application for spring barley

1984 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 673-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Easson
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Nitrogen Control ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Grain Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Treatments

SummaryThree experiments were carried out in which nitrogen was applied to spring barley (cv. Midas) either all in the seed bed or as a divided dressing with 10 or 25 kg/ha in the seed bed and 50 or 60 kg applied at emergence or 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 or 70 days after emergence. Applying part of the nitrogen as a top dressing up to 30 days after emergence and 50 days after emergence had no significant effects on the grain and straw yields respectively, compared with applying all the nitrogen in the seed bed. Grain yields were progressively reduced with top dressings from 40 days after emergence (first node stage) onwards. Applications at 60 or 70 days did not give more grain yield than the no-nitrogen control, but gave straw yields which were intermediate between the no-nitrogen and seed-bed nitrogen treatments. Top dressing at 40 days after emergence stimulated tiller survival but did not improve grain yield because there were fewer grains per ear. Thousand-grain weights were lowest with top dressings at 50 days after emergence and grain nitrogen increased progressively with delay in top dressings from 30 days after emergence onwards.

A reappraisal of stem reserve contribution to grain yield in spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

1982 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Daniels ◽  
M. B. Alcock ◽  
D. H. Scarisbrick
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Reserve Capacity ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Commercial Practice ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Stem Reserves

SUMMARYPre-anthesis stem reserve contribution to grain yield was assessed in two spring barley cultivars of contrasting height. It was greatest in the taller, but final grain yields were similar. Partitioning of total reserve capacity to various plant parts showed that the leaf and sheath below the peduncle were most important, followed by stem internodes which had increasing reserve capacity up to internode 4.It is suggested that stem reserves are valuable for yields commonly achieved in U.K. commercial practice.High grain yields were associated with large positive increases in stem dry weight after anthesis. This would indicate that the source capacity to boost yield is more than proportional to that required to fill the grain alone.

Effects of Sowing Date, Nitrogen and Seed Rate on Wheat Yields in the Sudan Gezira

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Khalifa
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Seed Rate ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Sudan Gezira

SUMMARYA three-year study of the effects of sowing date, nitrogen application and seed rate on wheat showed that sowing in mid-October gave consistently greater grain yields than sowing in mid-September or mid-November because grains were larger and more numerous per head. Nitrogen increased yields but the effect decreased with later sowing. Nitrogen probably increased grain yield by increasing the number of ears, but this effect diminished with higher levels of nitrogen. Grain yield was only slightly influenced by seed rate, and the interaction of seed rate with sowing date or nitrogen was unimportant.

Results from factorial experiments testing amounts and times of granular N-fertilizer, late sprays of liquid N-fertilizer and fungicides to control mildew and brown rust on two varieties of spring barley at Saxmundham, Suffolk 1975–8

1982 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 377-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. V. Widdowson ◽  
J. F. Jenkyn ◽  
A. Penny
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Brown Rust ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Factorial Experiments ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Factorial Combination ◽  
Average Rainfall

SUMMARYExperiments with spring barley at Saxmundham, in each year from 1975 to 1978, compared two varieties (Julia v Wing), two amounts of granular N-fertilizer (50 v 100kg N/ha) and two times of applying it (seed bed v top-dressing), a liquid N-fertilizer spray (0 v 50 kg N/ha), mildew fungicides (with and without) and a rust fungicide (with and without), in factorial combination (26).Leaf diseases were assessed and grain weighed and analysed for % N each year. Thousand-grain weights were measured in 1977 and 1978.Yields were small in 1975 and 1976 because little rain fell in summer, but larger in 1977 and 1978, years with average rainfall.Mildew was most severe in 1975 and least in 1978, brown rust most severe in 1975 and 1978 and practically absent in 1976. Granular N-fertilizer was best applied to the seed bed in all years, whether or not leaf diseases were controlled. Late sprays of liquid N-fertilizer increased yield less than equivalent amounts of seed-bed N, but increased % N in grain more. However, because they also decreased grain size, less of the N applied as a liquid was recovered by grain than was recovered from granules given earlier. The mildew fungicides increased yields by ca. 0·25 t/ha in 1975 and 1977, but decreased them in 1976. They had little or no effect on % N in grain, but increased grain size in 1977. The rust fungicide, benodanil, increased grain yields each year and especially in 1978 (0·37 t/ha). It had no effect on grain % N, but consistently increased grain size and so enhanced grain yield and N uptake.

Spikelet development and grain yield of the wheat ear in response to applied nitrogen

1980 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 637 ◽  
Author(s):  
EE Whingwiri ◽  
DR Kemp
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Main Shoot ◽  
Similar Time ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Mutual Shading ◽  
Nitrogen Treatments

Wheat plants in an irrigated field crop were fertilized with 0 (N0), 3 (N3), 10 (N10) or 30 (N30) kg nitrogen ha-1 week-1 for 10 weeks, commencing 12 days after sowing, till the flag leaf reached maturity. Nitrogen significantly increased tiller numbers, dry matter and grain yields per plant. Maximum plant size resulted from the N30 treatment, but maximum grain yields per plant from the N10 treatment. Total spikelet numbers increased with increasing nitrogen supply up to the N30 treatment, and this was due to increased rates of spikelet primordia production. Nitrogen treatments had almost no effect on the duration of spikelet primordium formation. Only two ear-bearing tillers were produced in the N10 and N30 treatments, and none in the others. Tiller apices had a similar, or in the case of the second tiller of N30 plants a 29% higher, rate of spikelet primordia formation to that of the associated main shoot, and all apices formed terminal spikelets at a similar time. The second tiller did not initiate primordia production until 25% of final spikelet numbers were present on the main shoot apex. The higher grain yield per plant in the N10 than in the N30 treatment was due largely to more grains per fertile spikelet on the tillers of N10 plants. It was speculated that the poorer performance of tillers on N30 plants was due to mutual shading of shoots and/or poorer nitrogen nutrition of the tiller apices owing to the method of nitrogen application. It was concluded that nitrogen supply affected grain yield per ear more by influencing the ability of florets to set grain than by varying spikelet number.

Nutrition of irrigated crops on an alkaline brown clay soil at Trangie, New South Wales. 2. Wheat

1986 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 451 ◽  
Author(s):  
DK Muldoon
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Nitrogen Fertiliser ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Irrigated Crops ◽  
Grain Nitrogen ◽  
Irrigated Wheat ◽  
Brown Clay

In a field nutrient-omission experiment, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur and zinc were sequentially omitted from a 'complete' fertiliser applied to irrigated wheat on an alkaline brown clay soil. Wheat forage and grain yields were recorded for 3 years following this single application. The chemical composition of forage and grain was determined. A second experiment elucidated the response to nitrogen fertiliser after 2 years of wheat or fallow. Deficiencies of phosphorus and nitrogen were evident in the second and subsequent crops. Forage and grain yields were reduced in the absence of these elements as were the respective concentrations of phosphorus and nitrogen in the forage and grain. The omission of zinc fertiliser reduced the concentration of zinc in the grain but not the grain yield. Omitting sulfur led to lower grain yields in the second year. Both sulfur and nitrogen were required to achieve maximum grain nitrogen and sulfur contents. The response to nitrogen fertiliser peaked at 130 kg/ha N after a fallow. After continuous wheat, however, over 200 kg/ha N was required for maximum yields. A positive tillering response to nitrogen accounted for much of this grain yield response. Grain nitrogen contents remained low until 100kg/ha N was applied.

The effects of cattle slurry and inorganic nitrogen fertilizer on the yield and quality of spring barley

1978 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-289
Author(s):  
B. F. Pain ◽  
S. J. Richardsonf ◽  
Rosemary J. Fulford
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Field Plots

SummaryIn experiments over 3 years (1974–6) cow slurry in the range 0–112·5 t/ha and ammonium nitrate in the range 0–120 kg N/ha were applied to field plots factorially to test the effects on the yield and quality of spring barley grain.In 1974 slurry application markedly improved the grain yield (cv. Golden Promise) at each rate of inorganic N and increased grain size. Applying N fertilizer with more than 37·5 t slurry/ha reduced grain yield below the maximum. Grain with the highest crude protein content (15·1 %) was obtained from a combination of slurry and inorganic N. The residual effects of the slurry treatments gave satisfactory grain yields in 1975 without additional fertilizer.Grain yields (cvs Julia and Abacus) in other experiments carried out on a different soil type in 1975 and 1976 were approximately half those obtained in 1974, due in part to drought conditions. The pattern of the results was similar. Heaviest grain yields were harvested from plots receiving 70 t slurry/ha with no additional N.

The growth of safflower (Cathamus tinctorius L.) in a low latitude environment

1965 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 801 ◽  
Author(s):  
WR Stern ◽  
DF Beech
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Seed Development ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Crop Canopy ◽  
Low Latitude ◽  
Seed Formation ◽  
One Year ◽  
Nitrogen Treatments

At the Kimberley Research Station, W.A., growth studies on safflower were made on a uniform crop in one year, and in the following year on a density experiment and a time of nitrogen application experiment. Density treatments extended from 25 to 1120 plants m-2, to exploit as fully as possible the light environment in the crop canopy. In the nitrogen treatments, 90 kg ha-1 of nitrogen was applied at seeding, elongation, and budding in an attempt to increase grain yield by increasing the size of the terminal inflorescences. Although at higher densities the light microenvironment was exploited early there was no increase in total dry matter, and grain yield was highest with densities of about 100 plants m-2. In the nitrogen experiments the early indications of higher yields due to treatment did not materialize as the crop matured, because rising temperatures at flowering and during seed development retarded further growth. On the average, grain yield or economic yield constituted 20% of the total dry matter of tops. There was a greater difference in total dry matter and grain yield between years than between treatments within one year, and this was interpreted as a time of planting effect. The effects of rising temperatures during seed formation are discussed. Avenues for further work are suggested.

scholarly journals Shoot and root traits of summer maize hybrid varieties with higher grain yields and higher nitrogen use efficiency at low nitrogen application rates

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7294
Author(s):  
Wennan Su ◽  
Muhammad Kamran ◽  
Jun Xie ◽  
Xiangping Meng ◽  
Qingfang Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Root Distribution ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Maize Hybrid ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Low Nitrogen

Breeding high-yielding and nitrogen-efficient maize (Zea mays L.) hybrid varieties is a strategy that could simultaneously solve the problems of resource shortages and environmental pollution. We conducted a 2-year field study using four nitrogen application rates (0, 150, 225, and 300 kg N hm−2) and two maize hybrid varieties (ZD958 and QS101) to understand the plant traits related to high grain yields and high nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). We found that ZD958 had a higher grain yield and nitrogen accumulation in the shoots at harvest as well as a higher NUE at lower nitrogen application rates (0 and 150 kg hm–2) than QS101. The grain yields and NUE were almost identical for the two hybrid varieties at nitrogen application rates of 225 and 300 kg N hm–2. Compared with QS101, ZD958 had higher above-ground and below-ground biomass amounts, a deeper root distribution, longer root length, root active absorption area, greater grain filling rate, and higher photosynthetic NUE than QS101 at lower nitrogen application rates. Our results showed that ZD958 can maintain a higher grain yield at lower nitrogen rates in a similar manner to N-efficient maize hybrid varieties. The selection of hybrids such as ZD958 with a deeper root distribution and higher photosynthetic NUE can increase the grain yield and NUE under low nitrogen conditions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document