The effect of variety and harvesting stage on forage production of barley in a low-rainfall environment

1984 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. N. Droushiotis
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Similar Pattern ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Boot Stage ◽  
Cropping Seasons ◽  
Harvesting Stage

SummaryThree cutting stages, the boot stage, 50% heading and the milk stage of grain, were imposed on eight barley varieties at four sites, two in each of two successive cropping seasons. Dry-matter and digestible yield increased significantly when harvest was delayed from the boot to the milk stage but crude-protein content and digestibility declined with advanced maturity. A similar pattern of response was obtained in most cases when varieties were examined individually. Variety 628 produced the highest yield, 8·34 t D.M./ha, while the most digestible variety was Athenais with 61·9% digestibility. In low-rainfall regions harvesting at the later stages of maturity is recommended, to take advantage of the higher D.M. yields.

Mixtures of annual legumes and small-grained cereals for forage production under low rainfall

1989 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. N. Droushiotis
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Legume Seed ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
Triticale Line

SUMMARYTwo small-grained cereals, Mulga oats and a triticale line, and two legumes, local vetch and local peas, were grown in pure stands and in mixtures at various cereal: legume seed ratios (20:80, 40:60, 60:40 and 80:20) for three successive cropping years, 1981/82 to 1983/84, at Laxia and Dromolaxia, Cyprus, in each year.The cereal pure stands produced, on average, more dry matter, 8·40 t/ha, and more digestible organic matter, 4·12 t/ha, than the legume pure stands, 3·68 and 2·18 t/ha, respectively. On average, total dry matter production decreased linearly as the seed proportion of the legume component in the mixture increased. The proportion of the legume in the harvested material was much lower than expected from the seed ratios. The highest proportion of legume was seen in the mixtures of peas with triticale and ranged from 8·1 to 35·5% at the various sowing rates. Digestibility and crude protein content were highest in the mixtures of triticale and peas.

Genotype, Environment and Rainfall effects on Vetch Varieties in a Semi-Arid Region

1978 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hadjichristodoulou
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Common Vetch ◽  
Semi Arid

SUMMARYForage production of common vetch in semi-arid Mediterranean regions can be increased by varietal improvement. Dry matter content and crude protein yield were affected by environment more than crude protein content and harvesting date. Forage produced in environments where plants grew quicker was of lower dry matter content, higher crude protein content but of similar weight as forage produced in late environments. Variations in annual rainfall explained 35 to 76% of the total variation in dry matter yield.

Effect of harvesting stage on cereal and legume forage production in low rainfall regions

1976 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hadjichristodoulou
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Common Vetch ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Harvesting Stage ◽  
Percentage Protein

SUMMARYThe effect of stage of harvesting on dry-matter (D.M.) yield and chemical composition of barley, wheat and the legumes common vetch (F. sativa), woollypod vetch (F. dasycarpa) and fodder peas (P. sativum) were studied in Cyprus under low rainfall conditions in a series of trials sown in four successive years. Cereals were harvested at the beginning of heading, 50% heading and the milk stage of grain, and legumes at three stages from preflowering to full pod formation, D.M., protein and digestible D.M. yields and percentage D.M. content increased with age, whereas percentage protein content and D.M. digestibility declined. Under moisture stress conditions before and during the harvesting period D.M. yields did not increase significantly with age. Protein content of cereals under low rainfall conditions was higher than that of cereals grown in the U.K. under higher N fertilization levels. Rainfall conditions affected drastically the performance of both cereals and legumes. However, average yields were satisfactory; the barley variety 628 gave 8·98 t/ha, the highest D.M. yield among all cereal and legume varieties.

scholarly journals Effect of harvesting time on forage yield and quality of maize

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Violeta Mandic ◽  
Zorica Bijelic ◽  
Vesna Krnjaja ◽  
Aleksandar Simic ◽  
Maja Petricevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Maize Hybrid ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Yield And Quality

Maize is the very important silage source in the world. Timely harvesting ensure high maize forage yield and quality. Therefore, the study focused on the effects of four harvesting times (starting at the 12 August every 7 days) on yield and qualitative parameters of forage green mass of maize hybrid ZP 677. The experiment was set in Vojvodina Province, Serbia, during the 2013 and 2014 growing seasons. Plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves per plant, ear percentage, forage yield, dry matter content and crude protein content were higher, while stem percentage was lower in 2014 with favorable climatic condition. Forage yield, crude protein content, ADF and NDF decreased, while dry matter content significantly increased with delay in harvesting. The maize hybrid should be harvested when the milk line is three-quarter of the way down the grain that is in the third decade of August.

scholarly journals Development of yield and nutritive value of timothy in primary growth and regrowth in northern growing conditions

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 252 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. NISSINEN ◽  
P. KALLIAINEN ◽  
L. JAUHIAINEN
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Percentage Unit ◽  
Primary Growth ◽  
Organic Matter Digestibility

The development of the yield and nutritive value of timothy (Phleum pratense L.) both in the primary growth and in the regrowth were studied at MTT Plant Production Research, a unit of MTT Agrifood Research Finland, in Rovaniemi (66°35´N) in 1999–2001. The dry matter yield and leaf:stem ratio were measured from the crop samples, and the contents of crude protein and organic matter digestibility of both whole plant samples and leaf and stem fractions were analysed. In primary growth, the most rapid increase of dry matter, 220–240 kg ha-1 per day, was measured around the beginning of the heading stage. There was a very strong positive correlation between the proportion of stems and the amount of dry matter in the primary yield. The daily growth rate of the regrowth was less than half of that of the primary growth. The fastest decrease, 1 percentage unit per day, in crude protein content was measured at the pasture stage (4–5-leaf stage). During the entire sampling period, the average daily decline in crude protein content in the primary growth of timothy was 0.65 percentage units. The main cause for the rapid decline in crude protein content was the high proportion of stem matter and its low protein content. In the regrowth, during the last four weeks before the harvest, the average daily decline in crude protein content was 0.28 percentage units.The average decline in organic matter digestibility from early pasture stage to late silage stage was 0.9 percentage units per day. The most remarkable change was noticed at the growth stage of timothy when about the half of stems were heading and it was then that the digestibility decreased by more than one percentage unit per day. The rapid decline in organic matter digestibility was due to the low digestibility of stem matter. The daily change in forage digestibility in the regrowth was very small, on average 0.11%.;

scholarly journals THE YIELD STABILITY AND QUALITY OF LEGUMES DURING TWO CONSECUTIVE, EXTREMELY DRY YEARS

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 167-177
Author(s):  
Miriam Kizeková ◽  
Ján Tomaškin ◽  
Jozef Čunderlík ◽  
Ľubica Jančová ◽  
Janka Martincová
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Herbage Quality

Abstract This study highlights the effect of drought and ambient temperature on performance and herbage quality of legume monocultures and grass-legume mixtures. In a field experiment, the total dry matter yield, seasonal pattern of dry matter yield distribution, content of crude protein and crude fibre of monocultures of red clover and alfalfa and grass-legume mixtures were investigated during two consecutive dry years (2011-2012). Alfalfa cultivars Kamila and Tereza grown as monocultures or as mixtures with Festulolium braunii (cultivar Achilles) outperformed the red clover cultivars Fresko and Veles and provided a well-balanced total and seasonal dry matter yield during both years. Across all experimental years, crude protein content was significantly higher at alfalfa monocultures and mixture when compared with clover monocultures (P < 0.05). However, considerable lower content of crude fibre at clover monocultures in comparison with alfalfa ones was found. Responses of nutritive parameters of both legume species to weather variables were different. Crude protein content in red clover was independent of rainfall and temperature. In contrast, the crude fibre content correlated with temperature whereby the alfalfa monocultures showed stronger correlations (P < 0.05) than red clover monocultures.

scholarly journals Çukurova İkinci Ürün Koşullarında Yetiştirilen Silajlık Mısır (Zea mays L.) Çeşitlerinin Verim ve Silaj Kalite Performanslarının Değerlendirilmesi

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (sp1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Yasin Korkmaz ◽  
Tugay Ayasan ◽  
Sait Aykanat ◽  
Mustafa Avcı
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Silage Maize ◽  
Maize Varieties

The research was carried out in the Eastern Mediterranean Agricultural Research Institute-Hacı Ali location with 4 replications according to the randomized block trial design in 2013-2014. 13 public and 1 private sector maize variety were used as material in the trials. According to the results of the analysis, it was determined that the maize varieties examined showed statistically significant differences in plant properties, dry grass and silage quality. Average plant height, number of leaves, leaf ratio, stem diameter, number of cob, stem ratio, cob ratio and green grass yield were 249.9 cm, 12.97 plant/piece, 19.24%, 22.08 mm, 0.93 plant/unit, 38.40% and 4,251.57 kg/da respectively. According to the analysis, it was observed that the average crude protein content, ADF ratio, NDF ratio, crude ash content, digestible dry matter ratio, crude protein yield, dry matter rate, dry matter yield and hay yield were 8.80%, 34.91%, 59.7%, 7.2%, 61.7%, 993.9 kg/ha, 29.4%, 11,640 kg/ha 12,570 kg/ha in dry grass, respectively. For the silage of varieties, the average crude protein content, ADF ratio, NDF ratio, pH, digestible dry matter rate, dry matter ratio, crude protein yield and Fleig score were 8.22%, 29.27%, 50.48%, 3.57, 66.1%, 28.14%, 926 kg/ha and 118.35, respectively. Burak, Sasa 1 and Ada 334 genotypes performed better in terms of green yield per hectare (53,650, 50,290 and 45,630 kg/ha) and dry matter yield (14,710, 12,810 and 12,410 kg/ha). These varieties can be recommended to producers as silage maize varieties under second crop conditions in Çukurova region of Turkey.

Milk production from cows grazing on tropical grass pastures. 1. Effects of stocking rate and level of nitrogen fertilizer on the pasture and diet

1985 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 505 ◽  
Author(s):  
TM Davison ◽  
RT Cowan ◽  
RK Shepherd ◽  
P Martin
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Stocking Rates ◽  
Applied Nitrogen

A 3-year experiment was conducted at Kairi Research Station on the Atherton Tablelands, Queensland, to determine the effects of stocking rate and applied nitrogen fertilizer on the pasture yield and composition, diet selection by cows, and soil fertility of Gatton panic (Panicum maximum cv. Gatton) pastures. Thirty-two Friesian cows were used in a 4x2 factorial design: four stocking rates (2.0, 2.5, 3.0 and 3.5 cows/ha), each at two rates of fertilizer application 200 and 400 kg N/ha.year. The higher rate of fertilization increased the pasture green dry matter on offer at all samplings (P < 0.01); the increase ranged from 1 106 kg/ha in summer to 548 kg/ha in spring. Green dry matter decreased ( P< 0.0 1) with increasing stocking rate, with mean yields of 3736 and 2384 kg/ha at 2.0 and 3.5 cows/ha, respectively. Weed yields increased over the 3 years at the higher stocking rates for pastures receiving 200 kg N/ha.year. The crude protein content of leaf and stem increased with increasing stocking rate and amount of applied nitrogen fertilizer. Values ranged from 12.1 to 26.5% of dry matter (DM) in leaf and from 3.7 to 13.8% DM in stem. In leaf, sodium concentration (range 0.05-0.20% DM) was increased, while phosphorus concentration (range 0.21-0.44% DM) was decreased by the higher rate of fertilizer application. Plant sodium and phosphorus levels were inadequate for high levels of milk production. Dietary leaf content and crude protein contents were consistently increased by both a reduced stocking rate, and the higher rate of fertilization. Cows were able to select for leaf and at the lowest stocking rate, leaf in the diet averaged 38%; while the leaf content of the pasture was 20%. Dietary leaf content ranged from 38 to 57% in summer and from 11 to 36% in winter. Dietary crude protein ranged from 13 to 15% in summer and from 7 to 11% in winter and was positively correlated with pasture crude protein content and dietary leaf percentage. Soil pH decreased (P<0.05) from an overall mean of 6.3 in 1976 to 6.1 at 200 N and 5.8 at 400 N in 1979. Soil phosphorus status remained stable, while calcium and magnesium levels were lower (P<0.01) after 3 years.

YIELD AND QUALITY OF SOME KALE-CORN COMBINATIONS

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 807-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. FULKERSON
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Corn Stover ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Row Width

Midas marrowstem kale (Brassica oleracea L.) was grown in different row width associations with United 106 corn (Zea maize L.) in two studies and ensiled in different moisture blends with corn stover in another. Highest dry matter yields were obtained where a single row of kale was grown at 30 cm to the side of a corn row. This combination also provided the lowest moisture content feed and the highest in vitro digestibility and crude protein content. Changing the corn row width had no significant effect upon yield, plant height, in vitro digestibility, kale leaf or corn ear content. Blending kale with corn stover to provide a silage of about 70% moisture increased the digestibility and protein content of the feed and provided a silage that kept well in storage.

Depressed fodder quality and increased oestrogenic activity of lucerne infected with Pseudopeziza medicaginis

1980 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 1103 ◽  
Author(s):  
WC Morgan ◽  
DG Parbery
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Fodder Quality ◽  
Matter Production

As well as reducing dry matter production of lucerne, infection of 15 % of the leaf area by Pseucbpeziza medicaginis reduced digestibility by 14% and crude protein content by 16%. Infection caused oestrogenic activity in green lucerne.

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