Investigations into the Intensive System of Grassland Management. By the Agricultural Research Staff of Imperial Chemical Industries, Limited. XI. The Effect of Nitrogen on the Yield, Composition and Digestibility of Grassland Herbage. (With Five Text-figures.)

1932 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Watson ◽  
J. Procter ◽  
W. S. Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Grassland Management ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Rotational Grazing ◽  
Research Staff ◽  
Intensive System

An experiment was carried out in 1929 and 1930 to obtain a measure of the effects of nitrogenous fertilisers used in combination with rotational grazing, on grass adequately supplied with phosphates, potash and calcium. A comparison of the two years has shown that the magnitude of these effects is governed by climatic conditions, and in the absence of a sufficient supply of moisture the increase in the quantity of herbage produced is reduced.

Investigations into the Intensive System of Grassland Management. By the Agricultural Research Staff of Imperial Chemical Industries, Limited. X. A Further Study of the Mineral Content of Intensively Treated Pasture

1932 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. S. Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Grassland Management ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Common Elements ◽  
Research Staff ◽  
Intensive System

1. The mineral content of pasture as grazed under the Intensive System of Grassland Management has been examined. The pasture samples were collected from two centres in 1927 and from one centre in 1929. Magnesium, manganese, iron, sulphur and chlorine were determined in addition to the more common elements.2. The mineral content of intensive pasture is equal to that of the best type of pasture produced by other systems of management, and superior to that of average good cultivated pasture in Great Britain.3. The seasonal variations of the soluble ash, potash, soda and phosphoric acid depend principally on the climatic conditions.4. The effect of drought at one centre has been to lower the percentages of soluble ash, potash and phosphoric acid.5. Correlations exist between nitrogen and phosphoric acid, and soluble ash and potash. There is no evidence of further correlations between the constituents.

Investigations into the Intensive System of Grassland Management. By the Agricultural Research Staff of Imperial Chemical Industries, Limited. VIII. The Comparative Digestibility and Feeding Value of Fresh and Artificially Dried Grass

1932 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Watson ◽  
W. S. Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Grassland Management ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Research Staff ◽  
Heated Air ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Intensive System

Two series of trials have been carried out to compare the digestibility of fresh grass with the material obtained by drying grass, from the same source and cut at the same time, in a band drier by heated air at an inlet temperature of 200° C.This process has not affected the digestibility of the various constituents with the possible exception of the crude protein which is slightly depressed.In the second series of trials a drier operating with air at an inlet temperature of 600° C. was also used. In this drier a depression of the digestibility of the constituents of the grass was noted. This was particularly so in the case of the protein which was depressed to a very marked degree.It would therefore appear that although the use of the higher temperature increases the output of the drier, it adversely affects the digestibility of the final product.

Investigations into the Intensive System of Grassland Management. By the Agricultural Research Staff of Imperial Chemical Industries, Limited. IX. The Digestibility of Artificially Dried Hay

1932 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-250
Author(s):  
S. J. Watson ◽  
W. S. Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Grassland Management ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Research Staff ◽  
Water Pipes ◽  
Excellent Quality ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
A Current ◽  
Intensive System

Hay of excellent quality and high digestibility has been made by a process of artificial drying in which a current of warm air is blown through the grass in a stack. The air is heated by a system of hot-water pipes round which the stack is built.The resultant product was of much greater feeding value than good meadow hay or seeds hay and was made at a season of the year when hay-making conditions were poor.The economics of the process have not been worked out.

Investigations into the Intensive System of Grassland Management. By the Agricultural Research Staff of Imperial Chemical Industries, Limited. III. The Seasonal Variation in the Mineral Content of Pasture with Particular Reference to Drought.

1931 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. S. Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Content ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Heavy Rain ◽  
Grassland Management ◽  
Research Staff ◽  
Drought Period ◽  
Mineral Constituents ◽  
Intensive System

Seventeen samples of pasture collected from May to December, 1929, have been analysed for mineral constituents.1. The results show that drought conditions seriously affect the mineral composition of pastures.2. The calcium content showed a slight fall during the months of drought, and a more marked fall in the months of heavy rain from October to December.3. The phosphorus content fell during the drought period and rose rapidly at the end of the year.

Investigations into the Intensive System of Grassland Management. By the Agricultural Research Staff of Imperial Chemical Industries, Limited. II. The Mineral Content of Intensively Treated Pasture and a Relationship Between the Nitrogen and Phosphorus Contents.

1931 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. Greenhill ◽  
H. J. Page
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Grassland Management ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Research Staff ◽  
Intensive System

1. The mineral content of pastures farmed under the Intensive System of Grassland Management, and representing three to five weeks'growth, from three centres in two seasons, is reported.2. The lime content fluctuated considerably during the season, but the fluctuations showed no definite seasonal trend. The average seasonal content was practically identical in all cases.3. The phosphoric acid content showed a definite seasonal variation, falling during drought or the early summer flush period and recovering again after the drought or flush period respectively. The phosphoric acid showed consistently a very highly significant positive correlation with the nitrogen content of the herbage. The bearing of this correlation on the metabolism of the plant and on the phosphatic and nitrogenous manuring of pastures is discussed.

Investigations into the Intensive System of Grassland Management. By the Agricultural Research Staff of Imperial Chemical Industries, Limited. IV. The Digestibility and Feeding Value of Artificially Dried Grass.

1931 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 414-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Grassland Management ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Research Staff ◽  
Adequate Amount ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Intensive System

Digestibility trials have been carried out with sheep on a sample of dried grass and a grass meal, both of which were artificially dried on an experimental band drier. The analyses of the two materials were affected by the fact that the grass was cut in August after a very dry summer and the herbage was contaminated with a certain amount of stemmy material.The digestibility of the two samples is of a high order and, with the exception of that of the crude protein, equal to the values quoted by Woodman for short grass. The sheep put on weight during both trials and there was a retention of nitrogen and mineral matter in all cases. The dried grass would appear to contain an adequate amount of available calcium, phosphorus and potash for the plane of nutrition at which it was fed.

Investigations into the Intensive System of Grassland Management. By the Agricultural Research Staff of Imperial Chemical Industries, Limited. VI. The Digestibility and Feeding value of Grass Silage made in a Stack.

1931 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 452-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Grassland Management ◽  
Research Staff ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Feeding Trials ◽  
Made In ◽  
Intensive System

It may be concluded from this trial that the making of stack silage is a useful method of conserving surplus grass, particularly of the after-math type, when good haymaking weather may not obtain. Though no actual feeding trials were carried out with the silage, it was fed to stock with satisfactory results and formed a large proportion of their winterration.

Investigations into the Intensive System of Grassland Management. By the Agricultural Research Staff of Imperial Chemical Industries, Limited. VII. The Digestibility and Feeding Value of Grass Silage Made in a Pit

1931 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-475
Author(s):  
S. J. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Grassland Management ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
Made In ◽  
Intensive System

Silage has been made satisfactorily in a pit from grass cut at the flowering stage when it was impossible to make hay. The digestibilities of all the constituents compare favourably with meadow hay with the exception of the protein which shows a depression.The silage is richer in starch equivalent than meadow hay, if compared on a dry matter basis, and equal in digestible protein content to poor meadow hay though not to good meadow hay. It is therefore better to make grass silage when weather conditions are bad rather than attempt to make hay which, under such conditions, would be of poor quality.The silage was used within four weeks of being made and was eaten readily by dairy cows on grass.

scholarly journals Stress-resilient maize for climate-vulnerable ecologies in the Asian tropics

2020 ◽  
pp. 1264-1274
Author(s):  
P.H. Zaidi ◽  
Thanh Nguyen ◽  
Dang N. Ha ◽  
Suriphat Thaitad ◽  
Salahuddin Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Specific Situation ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Maize Germplasm ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Variable Weather

Most parts of the Asian tropics are hotspots of climate change effects and associated weather variabilities. One of the major challenges with climate change is the uncertainty and inter-annual variability in weather conditions as crops are frequently exposed to different weather extremes within the same season. Therefore, agricultural research must strive to develop new crop varieties with inbuilt resilience towards variable weather conditions rather than merely tolerance to individual stresses in a specific situation and/or at a specific crop stage. C4 crops are known for their wider adaptation to range of climatic conditions. However, recent climatic trends and associated variabilities seem to be challenging the threshold limit of wider adaptability of even C4 crops like maize. In collaboration with national programs and private sector partners in the region, CIMMYT-Asia maize program initiated research for development (R4D) projects largely focusing on saving achievable yields across range of variable environments by incorporating reasonable levels of tolerance/resistance to major abiotic and biotic stresses without compromising on grain yields under optimal growing conditions. By integrating novel breeding tools like - genomics, double haploid (DH) technology, precision phenotyping and reducing genotype × environment interaction effects, a new generation of maize germplasm with multiple stress tolerance that can grow well across variable weather conditions were developed. The new maize germplasm were targeted for stress-prone environments where maize is invariability exposed to a range of sub-optimal growing conditions, such as drought, heat, waterlogging and various virulent diseases. The overarching goal of the stress-resilient maize program has been to achieve yield potential with a downside risk reduction.

scholarly journals Identification of rice blast (Pyricularia) resistance genes in the breeding samples of rice

2020 ◽  
Vol 175 ◽  
pp. 01008
Author(s):  
Nataliya Vozhzhova ◽  
Elena Krasnova ◽  
Elena Ionova
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Rice Blast ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Blast Resistance ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Rice Blast Resistance ◽  
Rice Samples ◽  
Functional Alleles ◽  
Blast Resistance Genes

The current paper has considered the challenge of breeding of rice lines adapted to the climatic conditions of the Southern Federal District of Russia by pyramiding a complex of Pi-1, Pi-2, Pi-33, Pi-ta and Pi-b rice blast resistance genes which is efficient in the southern part of Russia. The control of the resistance genes present in the breeding material was carried out using a marker-associated selection (MAS). The purpose of the current study was to identify the Pi-1, Pi-2, Pi-33, Pi-ta, and Pi-b rice blast resistance genes in the rice samples developed in the laboratory of rice breeding and seed production of the FSBSI “Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” to identify valuable genotypes. The screening of 689 breeding samples of rice resulted in identification of the allelic state of the Pi-1, Pi-2, Pi-33, Pi-ta and Pi-b rice blast resistance genes, and the genotypes with functional alleles of these genes and their combinations. There were identified 19 breeding samples of rice possessing a combination of 4 functional alleles of rice blast resistance genes in various combinations. The identified rice samples are valuable genetic material and are recommended to use as the sources of rice blast resistance in the breeding process.

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