The digestibility of dried microbial cells grown on methanol in diets for growing pigs

1976 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 407-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. T. Whittemore ◽  
I. W. Moffat
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Microbial Cells ◽  
Cell Product ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Microbial N

SummaryA microbial cell product was compared with fish meal at three levels of dietary inclusion, using barley as the basal diet. Digestibility coefficients for flash-dried microbial cells (DMC) were calculated to be 0·85 for gross energy and 0·91 for N. Digestible energy (DE) values were 18·8 MJ DE/kg D.M. for DMC and 16·5 MJ DE/kg D.M. for the fish meal. Digestible nitrogen (DN) values were 119 g DN/kg D.M. for the DMC protein and 108 g DN/kg D.M. for the fish meal. The metabolizable energy (ME) values for diets containing DMC were similar to those for diets containing fish meal; ME/DE for diets containing about 16·5% crude protein was 0·96. Microbial N was less efficiently utilized than fish meal N; this was largely attributed to the different contents of nucleic acid N.

Effects of dietary spray-dried plasma protein on nutrient digestibility and growth performance in nursery pigs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hansol Kim ◽  
Seung Hyung Lee ◽  
Beob Gyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Protein ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Spray Dried

Abstract The objectives were to determine the digestible energy and standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids (AA; Exp. 1) and to determine growth performance (Exp. 2) of 2 sources of dietary spray-dried plasma protein (SDPP) in nursery pigs. In Exp. 1, twelve nursery barrows (9.8 ± 0.9 kg) were assigned to a quadruplicated 3 × 2 Latin square design with 3 diets and 2 periods. Each period consisted of 5 days of adaptation, 2 days of fecal sampling, and 2 days of ileal collection. A basal diet was composed of corn, soybean meal, whey, and sucrose as the sole energy and AA sources. Experimental diets were prepared by replacing 15% of the energy and AA sources in the basal diet with SDPP 1 (manufactured in the USA; 78.2% crude protein and 4,862 kcal gross energy/kg as-is) or SDPP 2 (manufactured in Korea; 74.3% crude protein and 4,636 kcal gross energy/kg as-is). Spray-dried plasma protein 1 had greater digestible energy (P < 0.05), but less (P < 0.05) standardized ileal digestibility of Lys, Met, Trp, and Thr compared with SDPP 2. In Exp. 2, eighty-four nursery pigs (7.9 ± 0.7 kg) were allotted to 3 dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design with 7 replicate pens and 4 pigs per pen. Three corn-soybean meal-whey-based diets contained fish meal (6% and 3.5% for d 0 to 14 and d 14 to 28, respectively), SDPP 1 (4.5% and 2.7%), or SDPP 2 (5.0% and 3.0%) to maintain same energy and nutrient concentrations. During d 0 to 14 and overall period, pigs fed the diets containing SDPP gained more weight (P < 0.05) than those fed the fish meal diet with no difference between 2 SDPP sources. In conclusion, SDPP 1 contains greater digestible energy but less AA digestibility compared with SDPP 2. Growth-promoting effects of both SDPP sources in nursery diets have been clearly demonstrated in this work.

Nutritive values of double-low rapeseed expellers and rapeseed meal with or without supplementation of multi-enzyme in pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 729-738
Author(s):  
Peili Li ◽  
Zhiqian Lyu ◽  
Lu Wang ◽  
Bingbing Huang ◽  
Changhua Lai
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Energy Concentration ◽  
Available Energy ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Enzyme Supplementation

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of adding multi-enzyme on the available energy concentration and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids of double-low rapeseed expellers (RSE) and rapeseed meal (RSM) fed to growing pigs. In Experiment 1, a total of 36 growing barrows were fed six diets in a replicated 3 × 2 factorial design. Diets included a corn–soybean meal basal diet, RSE diet, and RSM diet with or without multi-enzyme (1000 U g−1 of cellulase, 10 000 U g−1 of xylanase, 2000 U g−1 of glucanase, and 10 000 U g−1 of protease). In Experiment 2, a total of 30 crossbred pigs were randomly allotted to five diets consisting of a nitrogen-free diet and four cornstarch-based diets containing RSE or RSM with or without multi-enzyme. Multi-enzyme supplementation significantly improved (P < 0.05) the metabolizable energy (ME) value and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of ether extract, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber, and it tended to increase (P < 0.10) the ATTD of gross energy and digestible energy in ingredients. With the exception of phenylalanine, multi-enzyme supplementation increased (P < 0.05) the SID of crude protein (CP) and all amino acids (AA) in ingredients. Multi-enzyme supplementation enhanced fiber degradation and increased the ME value and SID of CP as well as most AA in double-low rapeseed co-products fed to pigs.

scholarly journals Evaluasi Kecernaan Energi dan Protein Dedak Padi Lokal pada Itik Mojosari Dara

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Asnawi Asnawi ◽  
Dwi Kusuma Purnamasari ◽  
I Ketut Gde Wiryawan
Keyword(s):  
Rice Bran ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Commercial Feed ◽  
Individual Cage ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Digestible Protein

Evaluation of metabolizable energy of local rice bran have been conducted on Mojosari laying duck. The purpose of study was to calculate the energy values of local rice bran. Ten Mojosari laying ducks were randomly allocated of two types of feeds. Each laying duck was reared in individual cage (metabolic cage). Two types of feeds were basal diet (30% commercial feed: 70% corn), and 70% basal diet and 30% local rice bran. There are five duck as replication in each types of feed.  Metabolic energy (ME) was determined according to Farrel (1978) with any modification. The results indicated that the gross energy and apparent metabolically energy (AME) of rice bran were approximately 3317,00±17,30 kkal/kg and 2461,44±27,76 kkal/kg. Presentation of AME to Gross energy of local rice bran were 74.21 %.  Metabolizable protein of local rice bran were 55,71 ± 9,30% from crude protein intake. It is concluded that according to apparent metabolically energy (AME) and digestible protein, local rice bran is appropriate as supplement feed of laying duct particularly Mojosari laying ducks.

scholarly journals DIGESTIBLE AND METABOLIZABLE ENERGY VALUES FOR RAPESEED MEALS AND FOR SOYBEAN MEAL FED TO GROWING PIGS

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 419-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. S. SABEN ◽  
J. P. BOWLAND ◽  
R. T. HARDIN
Keyword(s):  
Erucic Acid ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Weight Groups

Twelve samples of rapeseed meal (RM) and one sample of soybean meal (50% protein) (SM) were evaluated for digestible energy (DE), metabolizable energy (ME), nitrogen-corrected ME (MEn) and digestible nitrogen (DN). RM samples were of Brassica campestris and B. napus origin and contained meals processed by solvent, prepress-solvent or expeller processes. Two of the meals were from rapeseeds not in commercial production, one a Bronowski (low glucosinolate) napus meal and one a meal from zero-erucic acid rapeseed of napus type. Energy studies were conducted with 64 pigs at 16, 33 and 65 kg liveweight, adding 25% by weight of the test ingredient to the total diet. The overall means and standard errors for all weight groups for gross energy (GE), DE, ME and MEn, in kcal/g of dry matter, for 10 RM (excluding Bronowski and zero-erucic acid RM) were 4.74 ± 0.12, 3.21 ± 0.18, 2.89 ± 0.19 and 2.64 ± 0.19, respectively, while the values obtained for SM were 4.81 ± 0.08, 4.21 ± 0.16, 3.92 ± 0.17 and 3.64 ± 0.16. There were no significant differences in DE, ME or MEn among the 12 RM samples, or between weight periods. The values for the basal diet were uniform throughout. The overall mean coefficient for DN was 75.9% for RM and 89.2% for SM. The DE, ME and MEn values for RM should be considered as being species specific.

scholarly journals Prediction of net energy values in expeller-pressed and solvent-extracted rapeseed meal for growing pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-118
Author(s):  
Zhongchao Li ◽  
Zhiqian Lyu ◽  
Hu Liu ◽  
Dewen Liu ◽  
Neil Jaworski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Production ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Gross Energy

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine net energy (NE) of expeller-press (EP-RSM) and solvent-extracted rapeseed meal (SE-RSM) and to establish equations for predicting the NE in rapeseed meal (RSM) fed to growing pigs.Methods: Thirty-six barrows (initial body weight [BW], 41.1±2.2 kg) were allotted into 6 diets comprising a corn-soybean meal basal diet and 5 diets containing 19.50% RSM added at the expense of corn and soybean meal. The experiment had 6 periods and 6 replicate pigs per diet. During each period, the pigs were individually housed in metabolism crates for 16 days which included 7 days for adaption to diets. On day 8, pigs were transferred to respiration chambers and fed their respective diet at 2,000 kJ metabolizable energy (ME)/kg BW<sup>0.6</sup>/d. Feces and urine were collected, and daily heat production was measured from day 9 to 13. On days 14 and 15, the pigs were fed at 890 kJ ME/kg BW<sup>0.6</sup>/d and fasted on day 16 for evaluation of fasting heat production (FHP).Results: The FHP of pigs averaged 790 kJ/kg BW<sup>0.6</sup>/d and was not affected by the diet composition. The NE values were 10.80 and 8.45 MJ/kg DM for EP-RSM and SE-RSM, respectively. The NE value was positively correlated with gross energy (GE), digestible energy (DE), ME, and ether extract (EE). The best fit equation for NE of RSM was NE (MJ/kg DM) = 1.14×DE (MJ/kg DM)+0.46×crude protein (% of DM)–25.24 (n = 8, R<sup>2</sup> = 0.96, p<0.01). The equation NE (MJ/kg DM) = 0.22×EE (% of DM)–0.79×ash (% of DM)+14.36 (n = 8, R<sup>2</sup> = 0.77, p = 0.018) may be utilized to quickly determine the NE in RSM when DE or ME values are unavailable.Conclusion: The NE values of EP-RSM and SE-RSM were 10.80 and 8.45 MJ/kg DM. The NE value of RSM can be well predicted based on energy content (GE, DE, and ME) and proximate analysis.

A note on the influence of micronization and polyethylene glycol on the nutritional value of brown sorghum for growing pigs

1980 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. P. Savage ◽  
W. C. Smith ◽  
P. A. Briggs
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Gross Energy

ABSTRACTMicronization followed by grinding of brown-seeded sorghum increased starch availability in vitro but had no effect on proximate composition of the grain. In diets containing 70% of sorghum in ground or micronized and ground form, apparent digestibility of dry matter and nitrogen and nitrogen retention by growing pigs were improved (2·5, 5·0 and 12·2% respectively). Addition to the diet of 0*2 g polyethylene glycol per g crude protein in the sorghum fraction produced similar effects. In the ground cereal diet inclusion of polyethylene glycol increased apparent digestibility of gross energy (3·8%) and improved metabolizable energy content by 5·5%, but i n the micronized and ground cereal diet the additive had no effect.

Nutritional evaluation of triple low rapeseed products for growing pigs

1991 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 509-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Agunbiade ◽  
J. Wiseman ◽  
D. J. A. Cole
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Test Material ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Single Level ◽  
Ether Extraction ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Method Of Evaluation

ABSTRACTGround full-fat rapeseed (FFRS) and the resulting extracted oil (RSO), meal (RSM) and recombined RSO and RSM (ORSM) from a triple-low cultivar containing low levels of erucic acid, glucosinolates and tannins were evaluated. RSO, FFRS and ORSM were included into a basal diet to give levels of added oil of 40, 80 and 120g/kg. RSM was also incorporated into the basal diet at the same rates as in ORSM. The 12 experimental diets together with the basal diet were given to 13 gilts in a metabolism trial conducted over four time periods. A 10-day acclimatization in holding pens preceded a 5-day total collection of faeces and urine in metabolism crates. Rapeseed products, diets, faeces and urine were analysed for gross energy (GE) and all, except urine, for oil content measured by two methods (petroleum ether and acid hydrolysis prior to ether extraction). Apparent digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) of rapeseed products were determined by single-level assay and by regression. Oil DE was also derived indirectly as a product of apparent oil digestibility (AOD) and oil GE. Apparent nitrogen digestibility was estimated for diets and rapeseed products. The response of dietary DE, ME and AOD to rates of test material inclusion was linear (P < 0·001) in all cases except for ORSM and RSM the DE and ME of which, in addition, showed evidence of curvilinearity. Age of pig had no significant effect on dietary AOD and energy values. Linear regression techniques were better than single level assays (particularly at low rates of inclusion) in determining energy values and gave DE values of 42·4, 190, 14·6 and 25·8 MJ/kg dry matter for RSO, FFRS, RSM and ORSM respectively. Oil DE and AOD were not influenced by method of evaluation. The results of this study indicated improved energy values for FFRS and RSM of a triple-low cultivar over published data for high-glucosinolate varieties but not over data for double-low varieties. In addition it appears that AOD is the main factor determining dietary utilization of FFRS and would need to be considered in order to optimize the nutritive value of FFRS in diets for growing pigs.

DIGESTIBILITY AND FEEDING VALUE OF FROST-DAMAGED CANOLA SEED (LOW GLUCOSINOLATE RAPESEED) FOR GROWING PIGS

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 735-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. BELL ◽  
M. O. KEITH ◽  
W. S. KOWALENKO
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Canola Seed ◽  
Ground Seed ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Whole Seed

Digestibility trials with 57-kg pigs were conducted on blended canola seed (B. napus 'Regent') containing 20, 45 and 65% frost-damage fed in conjunction with a barley, wheat, soybean meal basal diet, supplemented with minerals and vitamins. The seed was fed whole, ground, pelleted and ammoniated. The seed contained, per kilogram, 18–20% crude protein, 22–35% ether extract, and 21.7–24.5 MJ gross energy. Glucosinolate concentrations were 15–33 μmole/g, oil-free basis. Grinding improved energy digestibility of the seed per se from an average of 34.4 to 62.8% and protein digestibility from 17.0 to 65.3%. Pelleting improved energy digestibility of whole seed from 31.6 to 65.5% and grinding before pelleting gave 69.2%. Pelleting, in addition to grinding, did not further improve protein digestibility over grinding alone. Ammoniation improved the digestibility of energy in ground seed from 61.2 to 66.9% and in ground pelleted seed from 69.2 to 72.4%. Ammoniation increased protein digestibility in ground seed from 61.6 to 65.2% and in pelleted seed from 62.1 to 63.1%, corrected for ammonia intake which was assumed to be of little value to the pig. Digestible energy values of processed seed were 15.6 to 17.7 MJ/kg and digestible crude protein values were 12.3 to 14.0% of dry matter. Frost-damaged canola seed was shown to be worth 20–50% more than good barley. Key words: Rapeseed, frost damage, digestibility, pigs, feeding value

scholarly journals Prediction of metabolizable energy values in poultry offal meal for broiler chickens

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
pp. 2237-2245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edney Pereira da Silva ◽  
Carlos Bôa-Viagem Rabello ◽  
Luiz Fernando Teixeira Albino ◽  
Jorge Victor Ludke ◽  
Michele Bernardino de Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Collection Method ◽  
Gross Energy

This research aimed at generating and evaluating prediction equations to estimate metabolizable energy values in poultry offal meal. The used information refers to values of apparent and true metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen balance (AMEn and TMEn) and for chemical composition of poultry offal meal. The literature review only included published papers on poultry offal meal developed in Brazil, and that had AMEn and TMEn values obtained by the total excreta collection method from growing broiler chickens and the chemical composition in crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), mineral matter (MM), gross energy (GE), calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P). The general equation obtained to estimate AMEn values of poultry offal meal was: AMEn = -2315.69 + 31.4439(CP) + 29.7697(MM) + 0.7689(GE) - 49.3611(Ca), R² = 72%. For meals with high fat contents (higher than 15%) and low mineral matter contents (lower than 10%), it is suggest the use of the equation AMEn = + 3245.07 + 46.8428(EE), R² = 76%, and for meals with high mineral matter content (higher than 10%), it is suggest the equations AMEn = 4059.15 - 440.397(P), R² = 82%. To estimate values of TMEn, it is suggested for meals with high mineral matter content the equation: TMEn = 5092.57 - 115.647(MM), R² = 78%, and for those with low contents of this component, the option is the equation: TMEn = 3617.83 - 15.7988(CP) - 18.2323(EE) - 96.3884(MM) + 0.4874(GE), R² = 76%.

PSIV-B-25 Digestible energy and metabolizable energy of high-fiber ingredients in growing pig diets

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 394-395
Author(s):  
Jongkeon Kim ◽  
Yun Yeong Jo ◽  
Beob Gyun G Kim
Keyword(s):  
Latin Square ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Cashew Nut ◽  
Growing Pig ◽  
Gluten Feed

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) concentrations in high-fiber ingredients fed to growing pigs. Twelve barrows with an initial body weight of 57.5 kg (SD = 5.7) were individually housed in metabolism crates. A replicated 6 × 3 incomplete Latin square design with 12 animals, 6 experimental diets and 3 periods was employed. A basal diet was composed of 75.0% corn and 22.7% soybean meal (SBM) as the sole energy sources. Four experimental diets were prepared by replacing 40% of corn and SBM with soybean hulls (SH), corn gluten feed (CGF), wheat bran (WB), or rice bran (RB). An additional diet was prepared by replacing 10% of corn and SBM with cashew nut hulls (CNH). Each period consisted of a 4-d adaptation period and a 4-d collection period, and the marker-to-marker procedure was used for total collection of feces and urine. The DE and ME values in RB (3,969 and 3,936 kcal/kg DM) were greater (P &lt; 0.05) than those in CGF (2,654 and 2,520 kcal/kg DM) and SH (2,492 and 2,541 kcal/kg DM) and the energy values in WB (3,162 and 3,118 kcal/kg DM) were not different from those in RB, CGF, or SH. The DE and ME values in CNH (350 and 572 kcal/kg DM) were less (P &lt; 0.05) than those in all other test ingredients. In conclusion, energy concentrations in RB were greatest among the high-fiber test ingredients, whereas CNH had the lowest values.

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