Associations among certain morphological traits of diallel cross progenies in Bromus inermis Leyss

1973 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Mishra ◽  
P. N. Drolsom
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Leaf Width ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Size Factor ◽  
Environmental Correlations ◽  
Special Factors ◽  
General Size

SummaryA study of correlations among certain morphological traits of progenies from a 6 x 6 diallel cross was made. In general, genotypic correlations were similar in sign to the phenotypic correlations in all but two of the 21 cases, but there were differences in magnitude (nine differed by 0·40 and four of these by more than 0·70). Some estimates of the environmental correlations were large (1·57, 1·52, 0·78, 0·75, 0·73 and 0·54). Positive and significant correlations indicated that improvement in some characters related to forage and seed yield should be possible by selection among the diallel progenies.Path analysis was used as a means of analysing phenotypic correlation coefficients among seven contemporary variables. The method was employed to analyse the system of all possible correlations among certain plant measurements. By this technique one may find the maximum effect, compatible with the data, which can be assigned to a general size factor (common to all variables) and determine the nature and degree of influence of residual, group, and special factors. In most of these the influence of the general size factor predominated (minor in the case of leaf width, pCX = –0·31; and florets per spikelet, pGX = –0·09). Only two of the 21 correlations required factors in addition to the general size (florets per spikelet and spikelets per panicle, excess correlation –0·46; and leaf width and culm diameter, excess correlation +0·53). Special factors acting on each part separately from the other were present in all cases. The study indicated that the genetic differences in this study were largely in general size and to a small extent in group and special factors.

High Heritability of Glycyrrhizic Acid, Glabridin, Liquiritin and Liquiritigenin in Licorice (Glycyrrhiza Glabra L.) Populations of Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghasem Eghlima ◽  
Mohsen Sanikhani ◽  
Azizollah Kheiry ◽  
Javad Hadian
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Glycyrrhizic Acid ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Glycyrrhiza Glabra ◽  
Broad Sense ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Broad Sense Heritability ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Perennial Plant

Abstract Glycyrrhiza glabra L. is an herbaceous, perennial plant with high distribution in Iran. Genetic variability, heritability and correlation among characters in 22 populations of G. glabra L. were studied. The genetic parameters among the traits including phenotypic variances, genotypic variances, genotype by environment variances, broad-sense heritability and genotypic and phenotypic correlation coefficients were studied. Variance components analysis showed that the extent of phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was fairly higher for all the examined traits compared with genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV). Glabridin (GLA) exhibited high GCV and PCV (156.07% and 156.68%, respectively). The broad sense heritability varied from 38.92–99.79% and narrow sense heritability ranged from 9.70 % to 24.94%. Heritability of GLA, glycyrrhizic acid (GLY), liquiritin (LI), liquiritigenin (LIQ), rutin (RU) and rosmarinic acid (RA) were very high, exhibiting more than 97% heritability. Therefore, these critical characteristics can efficiently be selected and inherited in breeding programs. In most traits, the genotypic correlations showed the same direction as the phenotypic correlations. The contents of GLA and LIQ showed a positive correlation with majority of morphological traits. Therefore, selecting individual plants having desired morphological traits can be correlated with high contents of bioactive compounds in the harvested root.

scholarly journals Genetic correlation between traits in the ESALQ-PB1 maize population divergently selected for tassel size and ear height

2001 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Austeclínio Lopes Farias Neto ◽  
José Branco de Miranda Filho
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Divergent Selection ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Base Population ◽  
Branch Number ◽  
Maize Population ◽  
Tassel Branch Number ◽  
Ear Height ◽  
Selection For

Full-sib and selfed (S1) progenies were obtained from sub-populations of ESALQ-PB1, divergently selected for tassel size (T+ and T-) and ear height (E+ and E-), and used for estimating genetic and phenotypic correlation coefficients between traits. The analyzed traits were: EW- total ear weight (g/plant), PH- plant height (cm), EH- ear height (cm), TB- tassel branch number and TL- tassel length. The highest genetic (rG) and phenotypic (rF) correlation was observed for the combination PH x EH, as expected, with average of 0.800 and 0.778, respectively over sub-populations and locations. It is apparent that divergent selection for tassel size did not affect greatly the correlation between PH and EH in the full sib progenies, but in the inbred progenies the correlation was smaller in the sub-population selected for larger tassels. Genetic correlation between PH and EH with tassel traits was always positive but ranged from 0.020 to 0.668 in Piracicaba and from 0.06 to 0.309 in Rio Verde. Genetic correlation between PH and EH with yield (EW) also was positive in the range of 0.087 to 0.503. EH showed higher correlation with EW in relation to PH x EW and differences were larger in the sub-populations divergently selected for ear height. Correlation between tassel traits with other traits was positive in most of instances and a lack of consistency was observed among sub-populations. Generally the coefficients of genetic and phenotypic correlation differed substantially from the estimates in the base population ESALQ-PB1 before divergent selection for tassel size and ear placement. Divergent selection affected the correlation between traits under unpredicted and varying magnitudes.

scholarly journals Unraveling the genetic and environmental relationship between well-being and depressive symptoms throughout the lifespan

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bart Baselmans ◽  
Yayouk Willems ◽  
Toos van Beijsterveldt ◽  
Lannie Ligthart ◽  
Gonneke WIllemsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Genetic Predisposition ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Environmental Correlations ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Two Sides

Whether well-being and depressive symptoms can be considered as two sides of the same coin is widely debated. The aim of this study was to gain insight into the etiology of the association between well-being and depressive symptoms across the lifespan. In a cohort-sequential design, including data from 43,427 twins between age 7 and 99, we estimated the association between well-being and depressive symptoms throughout the lifespan and assessed genetic and environmental contributions to the observed overlap. For both well-being (range 31% –45%) and depressive symptoms (range 50%-61%), genetic factors explained a substantial part of the phenotypic variance across the lifespan. Correlations between well-being and depressive symptoms across ages ranged from -.34 in childhood to -.49 in adulthood. In children and adults (aged >27), environmental effects explained 51% to 59% of the phenotypic correlation, while for adolescents and young adults strong genetic influences (60%-77%) on the association were observed. Moderate to high genetic correlations (ranging from 0.60 to 0.70) were observed in adolescence and adulthood, while in childhood environmental correlations were substantial but genetic correlations small. These results suggest that environmental factors are important in explaining the relationship between well-being and depressive symptoms in childhood, while from adolescence onwards a genetic predisposition for higher well-being is indicative for a genetic predisposition for lower depressive symptoms, and vice versa. These results provided more insights into the etiological underpinnings of well-being and depressive symptoms, possibly allowing to articulate better strategies for health promotion and resource allocation in the future.

scholarly journals Diallel cross analysis for young plants of brachytic maize (Zea mays L.) varieties

1997 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-458
Author(s):  
Ana C. Vello Dantas ◽  
José B. Miranda Filho ◽  
Maria R.B. Alleoni
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Nodal Roots ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Sources Of Variation ◽  
Seminal Roots ◽  
Polygenic System ◽  
Total Plant

Six brachytic maize varieties were crossed in a diallel mating scheme. Both varieties and crosses were grown hydroponically in a greenhouse, in randomized complete blocks with three replications in two seasons. Four brachytic double cross hybrids were used as checks. Twenty-eight days after planting, data for eight traits were taken for weights of the total plant (TPW), top plant (TOW), total roots (TRW), seminal roots (SRW), and nodal roots (NRW) and number of total roots (TRN), seminal roots (SRN), and nodal roots (NRN). Ten plants were measured in each plot and all the analyses were accomplished with plot means. In the diallel cross the top plant contributed 57.6% of the total plant weight, for seminal roots 15.4%, and for nodal roots 27.0%. Root number distribution was 36.7% seminal roots and 63.3% nodal roots. Approximately the same ratios were observed in the checks. The average heterosis effects were nonsignificant for all traits; the other components of heterosis (variety and specific heterosis) also were not important sources of variation in young plants. The overall results suggest that nonadditive gene action is not an important source of variation for the plant and root system of young plants. The positive correlation coefficients for combinations of traits indicated that they are under the control of a polygenic system

scholarly journals A quantitative multivariate methodology for unsupervised class identification in pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) plant leaves size

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. e0208
Author(s):  
Francesca Antonucci ◽  
Rossella Manganiello ◽  
Corrado Costa ◽  
Virgilio Irione ◽  
Luciano Ortenzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
Leaf Width ◽  
Neural Network Approach ◽  
Size Classes ◽  
Morphological Variables ◽  
Stalk Length

Aim of study: Genetic diversity of pistachio, can be evaluated by using different descriptors, as adopted in international certification systems. Mainly the descriptors are morphological traits as leaf, which represents an important organ for its sensibility to growth conditions during the expansion phase. This study adopted a rapid and quantitative non-hierarchic clustering classification (k-means), to extract size classes basing on the contemporary combination of different morphological traits (i.e., leaf stalk length, terminal leaf length, terminal leaf width and terminal leaf ratio) of a varietal collection composed by 21 pistachio cultivars.Area of study: Worldwide.Material and methods: The unsupervised non-hierarchic clustering technique was adopted to the entire samples of pistachio leaves from k=2 to k=15 for both four morphological variables (i.e., leaf stalk length, terminal leaf length, terminal leaf width and terminal leaf ratio) and three morphological variables (i.e., terminal leaf length, terminal leaf width and terminal leaf ratio).Main results: A classification model only on the three morphological variables (for results of statistical analysis in which the groups resulted to be more separated and different for all the variables), with k= 5 (five groups), was constructed using a non-linear artificial neural network approach. The percentages of bad prediction in both training and testing resulted equal to 0%. The “terminal leaf length” returned the higher impact (44.89%).Research highlights: The contemporary combination of different morphological leaf traits, allowed to create an automatic classification of size classes of great importance for cultivar identification and comparison.

scholarly journals Correlation of morphologic and production traits of honey bee colonies from Serbia

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 1761-1769
Author(s):  
G. Jevtic ◽  
B. Andjelkovic ◽  
Z. Lugic ◽  
D. Djokic ◽  
M. Mladenovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bee ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Reciprocal Relationship ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Bee Colonies ◽  
Honey Yield

State of mutual or reciprocal relationship between traits is determined by the correlation coefficients. Correlation of morphological and production traits was determined in two generations of honey bee colonies. In the first generation, mother queen bees were studied, and in the second generation, their offspring. The study of one generation lasted two years. Morphological traits were determined in the beginning of the study and production traits were determined in the spring and autumn inspections of every year. In the first generation, the positive and mostly high correlation between morphological traits, and honey yield and hygienic behavior was determined. Correlation of morphological traits, colony strength and food supplies per colony ranged from highly positive to slightly negative values. It was found that there was a high correlation between some production traits (colony strength in the spring and autumn inspections and honey yield per colony). In the analysis of offspring (second generation), most traits that were positively correlated in mother generation now, also, showed a similar relationship. The only difference, in contrast to mother generation, was that, for most traits, the intensity of interaction increased.

scholarly journals Genetic and environmental correlations between complex phenotypes differ by race/ethnicity and sex

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Elgart ◽  
Matthew O. Goodman ◽  
Carmen Isasi ◽  
Han Chen ◽  
Paul S. de Vries ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Closed Form ◽  
Precision Medicine ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Environmental Correlation ◽  
Environmental Correlations ◽  
Complex Phenotypes ◽  
Multiple Phenotypes ◽  
Race Ethnicity

AbstractWe developed novel closed-form estimators of genetic and environmental correlation coefficients. We applied them to estimate over 4,000 genetic and environmental correlations between multiple phenotypes in a diverse sample from the Trans-Omics in Precision Medicine (TOPMed) program. We found substantial differences in heritabilities, genetic, and environmental correlations of multiple phenotypes and phenotype-pairs between Black, Hispanic/Latino and White populations as well as between sexes. Finally, we quantified genetic and environmental correlations between phenotypic domains, each characterized by multiple phenotypes. Altogether we provide a novel, in-depth framework for examining relations among complex human phenotypes and their determinants.

scholarly journals Path analysis of the productive traits in Sorghum species

Genetika ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-262
Author(s):  
Jela Ikanovic ◽  
Djordje Glamoclija ◽  
Radojka Maletic ◽  
Vera Popovic ◽  
Dejan Sokolovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Forage Sorghum ◽  
Sudan Grass ◽  
Leaf Weight ◽  
Productive Traits ◽  
Interspecies Hybrid

This research studied the phenotypic correlation coefficients between three Sorghum species, namely forage sorghum S. bicolor Moench. (c. NS-Dzin), Sudan grass S. sudanense L. (c. Zora) and interspecies hybrid S. bicolor x S. sudanense (c. Siloking). The analyses were performed on plant material samples taken from the first cutting, when plants were in the beginning phase of tasseling. The following morphologic traits were studied: plant height, number of leaves per plant, stem leaf weight and mean stem weight. Additionally, their direct and indirect effect on dependent variable green biomass yield was analyzed, for which path coefficients were calculated. This method enables more quality and full insight into relations existing among the studied traits, more precise establishment of cause-effect connections among them, as well as to separate direct from indirect effects of any particular trait on dependent variable, being biomass yield in this case. The analysis of phenotypic coefficients revealed differences in direct and indirect effect of certain traits on dependent variable. Sudan grass had the highest stem (2.281 m) and most leaves per plant (7.917). Forage sorghum had the largest leaf weight per plant (49.05 g), while interspecies hybrid had the highest mean stem weight (80.798 g). Variations of these morphologic traits among species were found to be significant and very significant. Morphologic traits - stem height and weight significantly affected sorghum green biomass yield. Leaf number and leaf portion in total biomass were negatively correlated with yield. Cultivars differed significantly regarding morphologic and productive traits. Sudan grass had the lowest green biomass yield, while forage sorghum and interspecies hybrid had significant yield increase.

scholarly journals The feature of morphological traits and their effects on body weight in the red crab (Charybdis feriata)

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiong Zou ◽  
Hongyu Ma ◽  
Jianxue Lu ◽  
Yangyang Gong ◽  
Lianjun Xia
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Regression Equation ◽  
Multiple Correlation ◽  
Ideal Model ◽  
Correlation Relationship ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Path Coefficients ◽  
Best Fit

The red crab (Charybdis feriata) is one of most important fishery resources in China. In the present study, we first measured 17 morphological traits and body weight of C. feriata, characterized these 18 traits, and then estimated the effects of morphological traits on body weight by statistical methods including correlation coefficients, determination coefficients, path coefficients, and regression equation. All correlation coefficients between 17 morphological traits and body weight reached an extremely significant level (P<0.01). Determination and path coefficients analysis revealed the real correlation relationship between the independent variables and the dependent variable. Significant path coefficients were found between three morphological traits (stemum width, X8; meropodite length of pereopod 3, X16; meropodite length of pereopod 4, X17) and body weight that suggested these three traits were the key traits directly influence body weight. Multiple correlation index (R2) between above three morphological traits and body weight was of 0.977, which indicated that the main independent variables influencing body weight has been found. Finally a best-fit linear regression equation was established as Y = 13.078 X8 + 7.048 X16 - 4.902 X17 - 576.635, which provided an ideal model for better understanding the feature of morphological traits and body weight of C. feriata.

scholarly journals Potential of twenty exotic germplasms to improve Brazilian maize architecture

1997 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 691-969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amadeu Regitano Neto ◽  
Luciano Lourenço Nass ◽  
José Branco de Miranda Filho
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Maize Breeding ◽  
Branch Number ◽  
Population Means ◽  
Local Populations ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Tassel Branch Number ◽  
Ear Height

Temperate and temperate x tropical germplasms were introduced into the maize breeding of the Department of Genetics (ESALQ-USP). Twenty populations designated as P-1 to P-20 and a check population were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with two replications at Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. Plots were 2.0 m long, spaced 1.0 m apart, with 10 plants per plot after thinning. The following traits were evaluated: PH, plant height; EH, ear height; TB, tassel branch number; KW, 100 kernels weight; EL, ear length; ED, ear diameter; KR, kernels per row, and RN, number of rows of kernels. The means of the exotic populations showed a variation in performance for all traits. The population means were greater than check means for KW, EL, and KR. Populations P-9, P-10, P-12, and P-13 showed low relative ear placement values (EH/PH index), indicating that these materials could contribute to lower ear placement in local populations. P-1 and P-9 showed a high potential to reduce TB. The phenotypic correlation coefficients among populations were positive for most combinations, except for RN with PH, EH, TB, and KW. Predictions of 19 composite means were obtained for all traits.

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