The ‘teat order’ of suckling pigs: 3. Relation to competition within litters

1979 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Fraser ◽  
B. K. Thompson ◽  
D. K. Ferguson ◽  
R. L. Darroch
Keyword(s):  
Post Partum ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
The Third ◽  
Weight Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Selection Of

SummaryPiglets in litters, paired according to farrowing date, were redistributed during the first day after birth according to two schemes. In scheme AC–BD, one sow of the pair received the heaviest and the third heaviest quarters of the combined litters (based on weight post partum), while the other sow received the second heaviest and the lightest quarters. In scheme AB–CD, one sow received the heavier half, and the other the lighter half of the piglets. After 3 weeks under scheme AB–CD, the weight difference between the second and third quarters had become reversed, while under scheme AC–BD the difference was preserved. There was no evidence of a corresponding interaction in the selection of anterior or posterior teats. The rank correlation of the piglets' initial weight and suckling position was low for most sows. No marked differences were observed between fostered and unfostered piglets in the weight measures or suckling position. It is concluded that the growth of the piglets was influenced by the relative size of their litter-mates after redistribution, but that little of the effect could be explained by competition for the anterior teats.

Size Selectivity of Diamond and Square Mesh Codends in Pelagic Herring Trawls: Only Small Herring Will Notice the Difference

1992 ◽  
Vol 49 (10) ◽  
pp. 2104-2117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petri Suuronen ◽  
Russell B. Millar
Keyword(s):  
Relative Size ◽  
Mesh Size ◽  
The Other ◽  
Size Selectivity ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Catch Rates ◽  
Two Sides ◽  
High Catch

A twin codend trawl was fished in the northern Baltic to study the size selectivity of square mesh and diamond mesh codends of 36-mm nominal mesh size. For each codend, 15 hauls were completed with a small mesh (20 mm) codend deployed on the other side of the trawl. The relative size of the catches in the two sides of the trawl varied considerably from haul to haul (the separator section was not operating properly) and selection curves were estimated from each individual haul using a method that incorporated the differences in catching efficiency of the two sides. The length of 50% retention decreased with increased catch for both the diamond and square mesh codends, although in neither case was this relationship statistically significant. Selection curves fitted to the combined haul data were asymmetric. The square mesh codend retained significantly less small herring than the diamond mesh codend, and for larger herring the two codends had similar selectivity. In both codends, most escapes occurred at the front of the catch bulge, from the upper side of the codend. At high catch rates, mesh blockage was observed for several metres ahead of the catch bulge during the later part of the tow.

Distinction between Dolus and Culpa with reference to Arson in Zakon Sudnyj LJudem, the Vinodol Law and the Statute of Senj

De Jure ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Haman ◽  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
The Other ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
The Third ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Criminal Offenses ◽  
The World ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Better Than

The difference between intent (dolus) and negligence (culpa) was rarely emphasized in codified medieval laws and regulations. When compared to the legal statements related to intent, negligence was mentioned even more rarely. However, there are some laws that distinguished between the two concepts in terms of some specific crimes, such as arson. This paper draws attention to three medieval Slavic legal documents – the Zakon Sudnyj LJudem (ZSLJ), the Vinodol Law and the Statute of Senj. They are compared with reference to regulations regarding arson, with the focus being on arson as a crime committed intentionally or out of negligence. The ZSLJ as the oldest known Slavic law in the world shows some similarities with other medieval Slavic legal codes, especially in the field of criminal law, since most of the ZSLJ’s articles are related to criminal law. On the other hand, the Vinodol Law is the oldest preserved Croatian law and it is among the oldest Slavic codes in the world. It was written in 1288 in the Croatian Glagolitic script and in the Croatian Chakavian dialect. The third document – the Statute of Senj – regulated legal matters in the Croatian littoral town of Senj. It was written in 1388 – exactly a century after the Vinodol Law was proclaimed. When comparing the Vinodol Law and the Statute of Senj with the Zakon Sudnyj LJudem, there are clear differences and similarities, particularly in the field of criminal law. Within the framework of criminal offenses, the act of arson is important for making a distinction between intent and negligence. While the ZSLJ regulates different levels of guilt, the Vinodol Law makes no difference between dolus and culpa. On the other hand, the Statute of Senj strictly refers to negligence as a punishable crime. Even though the ZSLJ is almost half a millennium older than the Statute of Senj and around 400 years older than the Vinodol Law, this paper proves that the ZSLJ defines the guilt and the punishment for arson much better than the other two laws.

scholarly journals Schätzung des Prüfniveaus metabolischer Merkmale beim Glukose-Toleranz-Test (GTT) an Jungbullen

2003 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Panicke ◽  
E. Fischer ◽  
B. Fischer ◽  
R. Staufenbiel
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
The Other ◽  
Metabolic Parameters ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
One Year ◽  
Pedigree Breeding ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract. Title of the paper: Level estimation of metabolic parameters in the glucose tolerance test (GTT) of young bulls The metabolic parameters of the glucose tolerance test are suitable for an additional recommendation for the valuation of the breeding bulls before the start of the offspring’s test could be given. Very important is the level of glucose half live to the begin of lactation of the cows. The other limit is the hyperglycemias greater than 10 mmol/l (or 180 mg/dl) in the glucose level in the blood. The glucose half live measured nearly 48 minutes is comparable in the 8th week post partum in lactation of cows with the young bulls in the age one year. Their combination with the pedigree breeding value is leading to increase of information, that could be utilised to the selection of improper bulls if the present results were confirmed.

scholarly journals Euripidés Médeiájának magyar fordításairól

2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (1-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anikó Polgár
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Professional Background ◽  
The Third ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Final Goal ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Textual Strategies

This study is dealing with two Hungarian translations of Euripides’ Medea. The translation made by Grácia Kerényi was produced in the second half of the 20th century, whereas the version by Zsuzsa Rakovszky was published at the beginning of the 21st. The difference between the translations regarding their textual strategies, the professional background of the translators and the final goal of the works is abysmal. Grácia Kerényi was an expert of ancient literatures, her translation was published in the official and renowned collection of Euripides’ work, Zsuzsa Rakovszky on the other hand translates predominantly from English, and her version was inspired by the request of the theatre. The study contains three parts: in the first the author analyses Kerényi’s Medea in the context of the philological reconstruction, in the second, the author examines the same text modified and revised by Fruzsina Magyar, who was the dramatic advisor of the theatre performance in Szolnok, and the third part reflects on the problems of validity, poetical force and immediacy in the translation of Zsuzsa Rakovszky.

The effect of low sludge age on wastewater fractionation (SS, SI)

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (11) ◽  
pp. 203-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Haider ◽  
K. Svardal ◽  
P.A. Vanrolleghem ◽  
H. Kroiss
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Maximum Growth Rate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Lower Maximum ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Activated Sludge Systems ◽  
Raw Wastewater

In lab-scale experiments at the 2-stage activated sludge pilot plant of Vienna's central WWTP it is shown that the wastewater soluble COD concentration, which is inert to a sludge with SRT < 1 d (SIA) is about double compared to the SI concentration in sludge with SRT > 10 d (SIB). Unexpectedly the ratio of SIA/SIB is independent of the sludge age between SRTs of 0.4 and 1.0 days. The difference between the two SI fractions is soluble COD that is readily biodegradable by the sludge with SRT > 10 d. However, it is degraded at a lower maximum growth rate. These results comply with earlier results gained with different methods and at different WWTPs. It is hypothesised that very low sludge ages result in a selection of fast growing bacteria, which can utilise only part of the SS in the raw wastewater. The other part of SS therefore remains in the wastewater and can thus be utilised for enhanced denitrification in the second stage. It is still unknown beyond which sludge age the soluble inert COD SIA starts to decrease, finally reaching the value SIB for low loaded systems (SRT > 5 days). From this point on SI and SS are assumed only to depend on the wastewater composition and not on the sludge age. The assumption of the Activated Sludge Model No.1 that the biodegradable fractions can be modelled as a single substrate and by a single removal kinetic (one Monod term) appears not to be applicable for low sludge ages. Some suggestions for mathematical modelling, design and operation of 2-stage activated sludge systems are given.

The Third Programme and Hans Pfitzner

Tempo ◽  
1953 ◽  
pp. 19-20
Author(s):  
Donald Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Double Bass ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Third ◽  
Representative Selection ◽  
The Right ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
A Performance

One of the brightest of the Third Programme's recent efforts was the presentation of a little festival of Pfitzner's music. “Little,” perhaps, may be not quite the right word for however short a series of programmes which included the whole of Palestrina (1912–1915), but it must be remembered that Pfitzner wrote four other operas besides this celebrated chef-d'oeuvre—Der arme Heinrich (1891–93), Die Rose vom Liebesgarten (1897–1900), Das Christelflein (1906, revised 1917), and Das Herz (1930–31). The B.B.C. gave us no glimpse of these other operas, although round about Christmas of each year one of their regional orchestras undertakes the overture to Das Christelflein as an appropriately seasonal piece. For this festival occasion, the B.B.C, in addition to Palestrina, threw in a song recital and a performance of Pfitzner's last chamber work, the Sextet (Op. 55/1945) for piano, violin, viola, cello, double-bass and clarinet. These two latter items may have been well-intentioned choices, but, notwithstanding, they were extremely ill chosen. The Third Programme—as, alas, so often—was either wrongly advised, or simply did not have any (skilled) advice to call upon. For instance, the six songs, ably performed by Mary Jarred, belonged to Pfitzner's earliest period—the latest “Lied”" was Sonst (Op. 15, no. 4), composed in 1904, and most of the other songs were written in the 1880's or 90's. But Pfitzner's output of “Lieder” extends to the 1930's and up to Op. 41—and his maturest and best songs are to be found in the years which the B.B.C. did not remotely approach! Incidentally, no opus numbers were printed in the Radio Times or announced over the air, so that as far as the uninformed listener was concerned he was hearing a “representative” selection of Pfitzner's “Lieder”; in fact, of course, he was hearing nothing of the kind.

scholarly journals About the QSOs contained in the Cerro el Roble Survey and the density of UVX-QSOs in the SGP field

1986 ◽  
Vol 119 ◽  
pp. 49-50
Author(s):  
Luis E. Campusano
Keyword(s):  
Visual Inspection ◽  
The Other ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
The Third ◽  
Machine Selection ◽  
Objective Prism ◽  
Selection Of

A region containing the SGP, centered at α 00h 53m (1950) δ −28°03', is becoming a selected region for QSO research. Three lists of QSO candidates have been published for this field. One consists of candidates discovered visually on an objective prism plate, selected in a 25-deg2 area and with B(lim) ⋍ 20 mag (Clowes and Savage, 1983; the CS sample). The other list came from visual inspection of U and B plates (UVX stars), covering a region of 44-deg2 and with approximately the same limiting magnitude of the CS sample (Campusano and Torres, 1983; the CT sample). The third survey of QSO-candidates involved a machine selection of UVX stars (Shanks et al., 1983), whose published components correspond to two small areas of 1.6 and 8.2 deg2 with B(lim) = 19 mag (Boyle et al., 1985).

Development of LPE process for fabrication of coated conductors

2000 ◽  
Vol 659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teruo Izumi ◽  
Natsuro Hobara ◽  
Toru Izumi ◽  
Katsuya Hasegawa ◽  
Masahiko Kai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Temperature ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
High Growth ◽  
High Growth Rate ◽  
Coated Conductors ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Lower Growth Temperature ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACTRecent Progress of development for coated conductors by the LPE technique was reviewed. Double layered LPE films were applied to the growth on metal substrates. In both cases of MgO- and NiO- buffers, the constructions were succeeded to grow on Hastelloy and Ni tapes, respectively. In the case of the MgO-buffer, the problem, which is the melting back of the 1st LPE layer during dipping for the growth of the 2nd LPE layer, was found. The problem was solved by means of the selection of the materials for each LPE layer to introduce the difference in the growth temperature for the 1st and the 2nd layers. The lower growth temperature for the 1st LPE layer than that for 2nd one is effective to avoid the problem. On the other hand, the double layered LPE films on Ni tapes revealed Tc of 85K. Concerning the long tape processing, the high growth rate of 1≈ was confirmed even without rotation using the long tape apparatus.

Principes cum Tyrannis: Two Studies on the Kaisergeschichte and its Tradition

1993 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 491-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Burgess
Keyword(s):  
Fourth Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Third Century ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Single Source ◽  
Natural Assumption ◽  
Ammianus Marcellinus ◽  
The Third ◽  
Historia Augusta ◽  
Selection Of

The Kaisergeschichte (KG) was a set of short imperial biographies extending from Augustus to the death of Constantine, probably written between 337 and c. 340. It no longer exists but its existence can be deduced from other surviving works. Amongst the histories of the fourth century – Aurelius Victor, Eutropius, Festus, Jerome's Chronici canones, the Historia Augusta, the Epitome de Caesaribus, and, in places, even Ammianus Marcellinus and perhaps the Origo Constantini imperatoris (Anonymi Valesiani pars prior) – there is a common selection of facts and errors, and common wording and phrasing in their narratives between Augustus and the death of Constantine, especially in their accounts of the third century. A natural assumption is that later historians copied earlier ones, yet later historians include information not contained in earlier ones, and historians who could not have known each other's work share similarities. For example, it looks as though Aurelius Victor was copying Eutropius, yet Victor wrote before Eutropius, and Eutropius contains information not in Victor and does not reproduce Victor's peculiar style or personal biases, things which he could hardly have avoided. Therefore Eutropius cannot be copying Victor. Since neither could have copied the other, there must therefore have been a common source. In his Chronici canones Jerome appears at first to be simply copying Eutropius. Yet when he deviates from Eutropius, his deviations usually mirror other histories, such as Suetonius, Victor, Festus, even the Epitome and the Historia Augusta, two works that had not even been written when Jerome compiled his chronicle and that did not use, and would never have used, the Christian chronicle as a source. Jerome was hurriedly dictating to his secretary, he had no time to peruse four or five works at a time for his brief notices. There must have been a single source that contained both the Eutropian material and the deviations common to Jerome and the other works. That source was the KG. It is the purpose of this paper to add to the above list of authors who relied upon the KG two other writers whose work can be shown to have derived, either at first hand or later, from the KG: Polemius Silvius and Ausonius.

Analysis of Ramp Estimation Algorithms in Automatic Transmission

2012 ◽  
Vol 433-440 ◽  
pp. 3841-3846
Author(s):  
Yuan Suo Tian ◽  
Zhi Zhong Ding ◽  
Qiong Wang ◽  
Bao Qun Sun
Keyword(s):  
Automatic Transmission ◽  
Simple Theory ◽  
The Other ◽  
Acceleration Sensor ◽  
Estimation Algorithms ◽  
The Third ◽  
Longitudinal Acceleration ◽  
Output Torque ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
The Difference

Automatic transmission may produce busy shifting on uphill and downhill. This article analyzes three algorithms about the estimation of road ramp: the first using a longitudinal acceleration, the second using estimated output torque, and the third using the difference between two accelerations. The first method is more accurate than the other two, but it is more expensive because an additional acceleration sensor is needed. The second is more complicated and in some driving conditions, it could not estimate the output torque. The third is based on simple theory and inexpensive since no additional sensor is needed. Some simulation results of avoiding unnecessary gear-shifting are also presented in the paper.

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