An examination of the effects of water stress on leaf growth of crops of field beans (Viciafaba L.):1. Crop growth and yield

1981 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Farah
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Natural Rainfall ◽  
Leaf Appearance ◽  
Rate Of Leaf Appearance ◽  
Field Beans ◽  
Number Of Cells

SUMMARYField beans (Vicia faba L.) were given three irrigation treatments in the field during two seasons to examine reduction in leaf area by water shortage, through effects on number of cells, cell volume and cell arrangement.The two crops behaved differently in the two seasons, presumably because of differences in environmental conditions. Season 1976 was brighter, warmer and drier than 1977. Water shortage reduced leaf area, dry matter and economic yield. The rate of leaf appearance and leaf longevity were also decreased by water shortage. The greatest biological and economic yields were produced by the wet treatment, followed by the medium and dry treatments. The treatment open to natural rainfall yielded least in 1976, but the second most in 1977. The yields of 1976 were considerably less than those of 1977.

The growth and development of cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata) under tropical field conditions: 1. Leaf area

1979 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Littleton ◽  
M. D. Dennett ◽  
J. Elston ◽  
J. L. Monteith
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Constant Number ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Leaf Appearance ◽  
Rate Of Leaf Appearance ◽  
Ibadan Nigeria

SUMMARYThe pattern of leaf growth and death was followed in stands of cowpea grown in the field at Ibadan, Nigeria. Temperature affected this pattern. Leaf area index increased quicker and leaf death started sooner during warm seasons. Individual leaves died while pods at the same node were filling. The rate of leaf appearance increased with temperature and the duration of expansion of individual leaves decreased so that a constant number of leaves were expanding at one time. The mean rate of expansion of individual leaves increased with temperature proportionately more than the duration decreased, hence final leaf size increased with temperature. Base temperatures for leaf appearance and leaf expansion were 16 and 20 °C respectively.

scholarly journals Growth and yield of wheat at different dates of sowing under chrland ecosystem of Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
MM Kamrozzaman ◽  
MAH Khan ◽  
S Ahmed ◽  
N Sultana
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Crop Growth Rate

An experiment was conducted at Sadipur charland under Farming System Research and Development Site, Hatgobindapur, Faridpur, during rabi season of 2012-13 and 2013-14 to study the growth and yield performance of cv. BARI Gom-24 as affected by different dates of sowing under Agro-ecological Zone-12 (AEZ-12) of Bangladesh. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with six replications, comprising five different dates of sowing viz. November 5, November 15, November 25, December 5 and December 15. Results reveal that the tallest plant, leaf area index, total dry matter, and crop growth rate were observed in November 25 sown crop and leaf area index, total dry matter and crop growth rate were higher at booting, grain filling, and tillering stages of the crop. Maximum effective tillers hill-1 (3.49), spikes m-2, (311), number of grains spike-1 (42.20) and 1000-grain weight (52.10 g) were produced by November 25 sown crop exhibited the highest grain (4.30 t ha-1) and straw yield (4.94 t ha-1) as well as harvest index (46.88%) of the crop. Lowest performance was observed both in early (November 5) and late sown crop (December 15). The overall results indicated that November 25 sown crop showed better performance in respect of growth and yield of wheat under charland ecosystem of Bangladesh.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 14(2): 147-154, December 2016

scholarly journals Effects of nitrogen on development and growth of the leaves of vegetables. 3. Appearance and expansion growth of leaves of spinach

1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-260
Author(s):  
H. Biemond
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Leaf Expansion ◽  
Mature Leaf ◽  
Leaf Emergence ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Leaf Appearance ◽  
Rate Of Leaf Appearance ◽  
Main Factor

In a series of greenhouse and field trials, spinach cv. Trias plants were supplied with different amounts of N fertilizer in various split applications. Rates of leaf emergence and expansion were recorded, as well as final leaf size. The rate of leaf appearance varied between 0.16 and 0.57/day across experiments, but was hardly affected by N treatment. The rate of leaf expansion and mature leaf area increased with leaf number, reaching maximum values at leaf pair 3+4 or 5+6 and decreasing subsequently. Both characteristics were positively correlated with N supply. The duration of expansion was not influenced by N treatments and varied between 15 and 30 days in most experiments. The rate of leaf expansion was the main factor determining mature leaf size. Specific leaf area over all green leaves slowly decreased with time in most experiments and was around 300 cmsuperscript 2/g. As the differences in the number of leaves were small, the differences in total green leaf area per plant resulted from differences in the areas of individual mature leaves.

Growth and yield studies of Lupinus angustifolius and L. albus in Victoria

1982 ◽  
Vol 22 (115) ◽  
pp. 76 ◽  
Author(s):  
KA Boundy ◽  
TG Reeves ◽  
HD Brooke
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Early Flowering ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
Matter Production

The effect of serial planting on dry matter production, leaf area, grain yield and yield components cf Lupinus angustifoiius (cvv. Uniwhite, Uniharvest and Unicrop) and L. albus (cv. Ultra) was investigated in field plots at Rutherglen in 1973 and 1974. Delayed planting reduced dry matter production of all cultivars, and leaf area for Ultra. Differences in dry matter partitioning were observed between the late flowering Uniharvest, and the early flowering Unicrop and Ultra. In Uniharvest, delayed plantings resulted in a greater proportion of total dry matter being produced during the flowering phase, whereas the reverse was true for Unicrop and Ultra. The later flowering cultivars showed marked grain yield and yield component reduction with later sowing. Yields were reduced by 160.6 kg/ha and 222.5 kg/ha for each week's delay in sowing Uniharvest and Uniwhite, respectively. This effect was offset in the early flowering cultivars by greater development of lateral branches. In addition, when Unicrop and Ultra were planted in April, pod and flower abortion on the main stem resulted from low temperatures at flowering time. Optimum sowing time was early April for Uniwhite and Uniharvest, and early May for Unicrop and Ultra. Excellent vegetative growth under ideal moisture conditions highlighted the poor harvest indices of lupins and the scope for genetic improvement in the genus.

Responses of Subterranean Clover Communities to Temperature. I. Dry Matter Production and Plant Morphogenesis

1976 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 527 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Fukai ◽  
JH Silsbury
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Growth Curve ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Logistic Growth ◽  
Similar Time ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Leaf Appearance

Subterranean clover communities were grown in temperature-controlled naturally lit glasshouses at 15, 20, 25 and 30�C. Dry matter yield, leaf area and the distribution of dry matter between plant parts were determined at about 14-day intervals for up to 130 days from planting. Leaf appearance, leaf death, leaf number and growth of laterals were observed for individual plants in the community over a similar time period. A logistic growth curve was found for each temperature and crop growth rate calculated from the equation fitted for each growth curve. The optimum temperature for growth was relatively high (20-25°C) when plants were young, but decreased during growth so that after 100 days total dry matter was inversely related to temperature over the range 15-30°C. Both the rate of leaf appearance and the rate of leaf death on the main stem were constant at each temperature during the experimental period and were directly related to temperature. The number of leaves per unit ground area was determined mainly by the rates of leaf appearance and leaf death on the main stem, since the contribution of laterals was small. The proportion of stem and petiole to total dry matter increased, and that of green leaf lamina decreased, with increase in total dry matter. Neither was markedly affected by temperature. An inverse relationship between specific leaf area and temperature resulted in a lower ratio of leaf area to total dry matter at 15°C compared with that at 20, 25 or 30°C.

scholarly journals Effects of Gibberellic Acid (Ga3) on Growth and Yield Parameters of French Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-60
Author(s):  
Ferdowsi Noor ◽  
Feroza Hossain ◽  
Umme Ara
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
French Bean ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Net Assimilation

A field study was conducted during the Rabi season of 2009-2010 in the research field of Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka. Six levels of GA3, viz. 0, 30, 50, 70, 90 and 110 ppm were sprayed at 18 days after sowing (DAS). GA3 treatments significantly increased plant height than the control plants. GA3 with 30 to 90 ppm significantly increased number of branches and leaves, leaf area, leaf area index (LAI), leaf dry matter and total dry matter at different growth stages. GA3 at 30 to 70 ppm gradually increased crop growth rate (CGR), net assimilation rate (NAR) and relative growth rate (RGR) and declined advanced growth stages. Number of dry pods /plant, number of seeds /pod, 1000 seed weight, fresh fodder, fresh pod, dry seed yield and harvest index also significantly increased. Positive significant correlations were found among growth parameters and as well as yield contributing characters. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 43(1): 49-60, June 2017

scholarly journals Evaluation of growth and yield of selected hybrid and inbred rice varieties grown in net-house during transplanted aman season

1970 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
M SH Islam ◽  
MSU Bhuiya ◽  
AR Gomosta ◽  
AR Sarkar ◽  
MM Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Rooting Depth ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

Pot experiments were conducted during T. aman 2001 and 2002 (wet season) at Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI) in net house. Hybrid variety Sonarbangla-1 and inbred modern variety BRRI dhan-31 were used in both the seasons and BRRI hybrid dhan-l was used in 2002. The main objective of the experiments was to compare the growth and yield behaviour of hybrid and inbred rice varieties under controlled condition. In 2001, BRRI dhan-3l had about 10-15% higher plant height, very similar tillers/plant, 15-25% higher leaf area at all days after transplanting (DAT) compared to Sonarbangla-1. Sonarbangla- 1 had about 40% higher dry matter production at 25 DAT but had very similar dry matter production at 50 and 75 DAT, 4-11% higher rooting depth at all DATs, about 22% higher root dry weight at 25 DAT, but 5-10% lower root dry weight at 50 and 75 DAT compared to BRRI dhan-31. The photosynthetic rate was higher (20 μ mol m-2/sec-1) in BRRI dhan-3l at 35 DAT (maximum tillering stage) but at 65 DAT, Sonarbangla-l had higher photosynthetic rate of 19.5 μ mol m-2 sec-1. BRRI dhan-3l had higher panicles/plant than Sonarbangla-1, but Sonarbangla-1 had higher number of grains/panicle, 1000-grain weight and grain yield than BRRI dhan-31. In 2002, BRRI dhan-31 had the highest plant height at 25 DAT, but at 75 DAT, BRRI hybrid dhan-l had the highest plant height. Sonarbangla-1 had the largest leaf area at 25 and 50 DAT followed by BRRI dhan-31, but at 75 DAT, BRRI dhan-31 had the largest leaf area. The highest shoot dry matter was observed in BRRI dhan-31 followed by Sonarbangla-1 at all DATs. Sonarbangla-1 had the highest rooting depth and root dry weight at all DATs. BRRI dhan-31 gave the highest number of panicles/plant followed by Sonarbangla-I, BRRI hybrid dhan-l had the highest grains/panicle followed by BRRI dhan-31 and Sonarbangla-I had the highest 1000-grain weight followed by BRRI dhan-31. The highest amount of grains/plant (34.6 g) was obtained from BRRI dhan-31. Key Words: Shoot dry matter; root dry weight; leaf area; photosynthesis; grain yield. DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v34i1.5755Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 34(1) : 67-73, March 2009

scholarly journals Growth dynamics and yield of melon as influenced by nitrogen fertilizer

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Teresa Castellanos ◽  
María Jesús Cabello ◽  
María del Carmen Cartagena ◽  
Ana María Tarquis ◽  
Augusto Arce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Area Index

Nitrogen (N) is an important nutrient for melon (Cucumis melo L.) production. However there is scanty information about the amount necessary to maintain an appropriate balance between growth and yield. Melon vegetative organs must develop sufficiently to intercept light and accumulate water and nutrients but it is also important to obtain a large reproductive-vegetative dry weight ratio to maximize the fruit yield. We evaluated the influence of different N amounts on the growth, production of dry matter and fruit yield of a melon 'Piel de sapo' type. A three-year field experiment was carried out from May to September. Melons were subjected to an irrigation depth of 100% crop evapotranspiration and to 11 N fertilization rates, ranging 11 to 393 kg ha-1 in the three years. The dry matter production of leaves and stems increased as the N amount increased. The dry matter of the whole plant was affected similarly, while the fruit dry matter decreased as the N amount was increased above 112, 93 and 95 kg ha-1, in 2005, 2006 and 2007, respectively. The maximum Leaf Area Index (LAI), 3.1, was obtained at 393 kg ha-1 of N. The lowest N supply reduced the fruit yield by 21%, while the highest increased the vegetative growth, LAI and Leaf Area Duration (LAD), but reduced yield by 24% relative to the N93 treatment. Excessive applications of N increase vegetative growth at the expense of reproductive growth. For this melon type, rates about 90-100 kg ha-1 of N are sufficient for adequate plant growth, development and maximum production. To obtain fruit yield close to the maximum, the leaf N concentration at the end of the crop cycle should be higher than 19.5 g kg-1.

Effects of date of planting on plant emergence, leaf growth, and yield in contrasting potato varieties

1983 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Jones ◽  
E. J. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Potato Varieties ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Emerging Treatments ◽  
Soil Temperatures

SUMMARYFive experiments which studied the effects of a wide range of dates of planting on contrasting potato varieties in Pembrokeshire are reported. In three experiments (1976–7) four early varieties (Home Guard, Arran Comet, Irish Peace and Ulster Sceptre) were sprouted from the end of dormancy and compared at four dates of planting, which began as soon as soil conditions allowed (February in 1975 and 1976 and March in 1977). In these experiments all early-emerging treatments were damaged by frost and in 1975 and 1976 date of planting had little effect on leaf area index or yield. In 1977 planting in late April delayed and increased peak leaf area index but reduced yields throughout harvesting. In all experiments the emergence of varieties was affected by date of planting. The varieties with the longest sprouts emerged first only from the earliest plantings; at late plantings all varieties emerged together, which suggests that rate of post-planting sprout elongation decreased in this old seed as planting was delayed despite increasing soil temperatures. The implications for testing of early varieties are discussed.In two further experiments two early varieties (Home Guard in both years and Red Craigs Royal and Arran Comet in 1 year) were compared with three maincrop varieties (Désirée, Maris Piper, Stormont Enterprise) using seed which did not begin to sprout until January at dates of planting beginning in March. Sprout length was again poorly related to earliness of emergence. Delaying planting delayed and increased peak leaf area index in all varieties but only increased yields in the early varieties which had the smallest leaf areas. In maincrop varieties date of planting had little effect on final yields. In these years there were long periods without rain and in 1976 yields were limited by the amount of water available from the soil, for as each treatment exhausted this supply bulking ceased.

The effect of date of sowing on the growth and yield of spring cereals

1970 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 553-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Jessop ◽  
J. D. Ivins
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Spring Cereals ◽  
Late Sowing

SUMMARYExperiments to study the effect of date of sowing at two centres in each of 3 years, 1967–9, are described and the results discussed. The earliest sowing date (early March) gave the highest yield of spring barley at both centres and of spring wheat at Sutton Bonington, but at Boxworth in 1967 and 1969 later sowing (early or late April) gave higher yields of grain, which were attributable mainly to increased grain numbers per ear. It is argued that in 1968 poor weather conditions in July and August resulted in very low 1000 grain weights, and although grain numbers were again higher from late sowing at Boxworth this treatment gave the lowest yields because of poorly filled grain. The date of sowing also affected yields of total dry matter, ratios of grain to straw, leaf-area indices, numbers of grains per ear and 1000 grain weights.

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