Glomus intraradix effects on citrus rootstock seedling growth in various potting media

1992 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Nemec
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Sour Orange ◽  
Rough Lemon ◽  
Wood Shavings ◽  
Citrus Rootstock ◽  
Potting Media ◽  
Glomus Intraradix

SUMMARYFive potting media components mixed in various combinations and in various percentages of one with another (0, 14·3, 29, 42, 57, 71 and 100% by volume of the second component with the first) were inoculated with Glomus intraradix in six experiments. Seedlings of citrus rootstocks were grown from seed in these mixes. Sour orange in inoculated peat plus vermiculite, Astatula fine sand plus vermiculite, and peat plus Perlite® in all percentage combinations grew c. two- to threefold taller than noninoculated control plants. Up to twofold growth increases of sour orange occurred in vermiculite amended with wood shavings. The best evidence for fungus-mediated plant growth occurred in Astatula fine sand amended with 29–71% Perlite, and the roots in that combination had the highest percentage of infection. In another experiment in which Astatula fine sand was amended with up to 16% of an acid peat, ratios of inoculated rough lemon plant growth to controls decreased as the peat content in the medium increased. Top and root weight ratios of inoculated:control seedlings in the six experiments did not fit four simple linear models.

scholarly journals Response of Citrus (Citrus spp.) Rootstock Seedlings to Soil-Applied Herbicides

1993 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna N. Reddy ◽  
Megh Singh
Keyword(s):  
Citrus Sinensis ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Sour Orange ◽  
Fibrous Root ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
Citrus Rootstock ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
Cleopatra Mandarin ◽  
Swingle Citrumelo

Abstract A greenhouse study was conducted to evaluate the response of Carrizo citrange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Obs. × Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.], Cleopatra mandarin (C. reticulata Blanco), sour orange (C. aurantium L.), and Swingle citrumelo [C. paradisi Macf. × P. trifoliata (L.) Raf.] citrus rootstock seedlings to multiple applications of Premier (fluometralin), Dual (metolachlor), Devrinol (napropamide), Solicam (norflurazon), Surflan (oryzalin), Prowl (pendimethalin), and Treflan trifluralin). The citrus rootstock responses ranged from a 11% reduction in shoot weight of sour orange with Treflan (trifluralin) to a 19% reduction in fibrous root weight of Swingle citrumelo with Surflan (oryzalin). Cleopatra mandarin was tolerant to all the seven herbicides. Dual (metolachlor), Devrinol (napropamide), Solicam (norflurazon), and Premier (fluometralin) were not phytotoxic to all four rootstocks.

scholarly journals Synergism of citrus nematode (Tylenchulus semipenetrans Cobb.) and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides plays a major role in citrus dieback

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (04) ◽  
pp. 1291-1299
Author(s):  
Muhammad Usman Afzal
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Rough Lemon ◽  
Tylenchulus Semipenetrans ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
Citrus Nematode

Citrus is known as a major fruit due to its high nutritional value and adaptability in tropical and sub-tropical regions. Among diseases, citrus dieback is one of the most threatening diseases in which overall plant growth is reduced. Major causes are Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and citrus nematode (Tylenchulus semipenetrans) with 15-35% losses all over the world. Plant material was established adopting sanitary measures in earthen pots (12-inch diameter). Fresh culture of C. gloeosporioides and T. semipenetrans was prepared for the inoculation by following the standard procedures. In the first set, rootstocks were inoculated with 200mL of water having spore suspension of C. gloeosporioides while in in the second set, inoculation of T. semipenetrans was done by using 45 mL of water suspension having 2000 freshly hatched juveniles per pot, while at the rate of 1 × 107 spores/mL per plant. In the third set, the interaction of C. gloeosporioides and T. semipenetrans was studied by inoculating selected citrus rootstocks by both pathogens. After four months of inoculation, data were recorded on plant disease index (PDI) along with plant growth parameters (root weight, shoot weight, shoot weight, shoot length and number of leaves). Trifoliate orange and cox mandarin hybrid showed resistance against the development of T. semipenetrans while rough lemon, C-35 Citrange and sour orange were found susceptible. There was a significant difference in plant growth parameters between inoculated and healthy plants. Root weight and shoot weight decreased by 8.98g and 11.53g, while root length and shoot length decreased by 7.29cm and 13.5cm respectively as compared to control treatments in most susceptible rootstocks. Per cent Branch Infection (PBI) and per cent Disease Index (PDI) were maximum (71.52, 37) per cent on rough lemon respectively. Results regarding combined inoculation of C. gloeosporioides and T. semipenetrans showed that there was a significant difference in plant growth parameters between inoculated and healthy plants. In rough lemon, Root weight and shoot weight decreased by 13.86 and 20.57g respectively in diseased and healthy plants. Root length and shoot length decreased by 8.37 and 20.04cm respectively as compared to control treatments in most susceptible rootstocks. Overall results depicted that inoculation of both pathogens reduced plant growth more severely as compared to their individual application.

scholarly journals Selecting the Best Citrus Rootstock for Young `Valencia' Orange Trees Under Soil Salinity Stress Conditions

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 895E-896
Author(s):  
A.M. Akl*
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Sour Orange ◽  
Rough Lemon ◽  
Valencia Orange ◽  
Volkamer Lemon ◽  
Citrus Rootstock ◽  
Orange Trees ◽  
Cleopatra Mandarin ◽  
Troyer Citrange

This study was conducted during 2002 and 2003 seasons to select the best citrus rootstocks for young `Valencia' orange trees grown under soil salinity stress. Six citrus rootstocks namely Volkamer lemon, Cleopatra mandarin, Troyer citrange, Rough lemon, Egyptian lime, and Sour orange were tested. Four soil salinity levels, namely, 0.0%, 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.4% were examined. Results showed that growth criteria, plant pigments and percentages of N, P, and K in the leaves of `Valencia' orange onto all citrus rootstocks tended to reduce with raising soil salinity. The harmful effects imposed by soil salinity was `Valencia' orange on Volkamer lemon, Cleopatra mandarin Troyer citrange, Rough lemon, Egyptian lime, and Sour orange, in asending order. Results proved the superiority of Volkamer lemon, Cleopatra mandarin, and Trouyer citrange rootstocks for `Valencia' orange transplants grown under salinity conditions as compared to the other rootstocks. `Valencia' orange on such promising rootstocks could tolerate soil salinity until 0.20% without adverse effects on growth of transplants. Sour orange rootstock seems to be the lowest suitable stock for `Valencia' orange tansplants grown under soil salinity conditions.

NITROGEN NUTRITION OF CITRUS NURSERY STOCK IN PINE BARK SUBSTRATES.

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1161f-1161
Author(s):  
John D. Lea-Cox ◽  
Irwin E. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Rough Lemon ◽  
Nursery Stock ◽  
Citrus Rootstock ◽  
Cleopatra Mandarin ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

Pine bark is utilized as a substrate in citrus nurseries in South Africa. The Nitrogen (N) content of pine bark is inherently low, and due to the volubility of N, must be supplied on a continual basis to ensure optimum growth rates of young citrus nursery stock. Three citrus rootstock (rough lemon, carrizo citrange and cleopatra mandarin) showed no difference in stem diameter or total dry mass (TDM) when supplied N at concentrations between 25 and 200 mg ·l-1 N in the nutrient solution over a 12 month growing period. Free leaf arginine increased when N was supplied at 400 mg·l-1 N. The form of N affected the growth of rough lemon. High NH4-N:NO3-N (75:25) ratios decreased TDM when Sulfur (S) was absent from the nutrient solution, but not if S was present. Free arginine increased in leaves at high NH4-N (No S) ratios, but not at high NH4-N (S supplied) ratios. Free leaf arginine was correlated with free leaf ammonia. These results have important implications for reducing the concentration of N in nutrient solutions used in citrus nurseries and may indicate that higher NH4-N ratios can be used when adequate S is also supplied.

Nutrient Concentrations in Soil Solution in an Alfisol under Grapefruit Production

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 498d-498
Author(s):  
Z.L. He ◽  
A.K. Alva ◽  
D.V. Calvert ◽  
D.J. Banks ◽  
Y.C. Li
Keyword(s):  
Soil Solution ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Sour Orange ◽  
Parallel Study ◽  
Ph Measurements ◽  
The Mean ◽  
N Rates

A field experiment was conducted in a Riviera fine sand (Alfisol) with 25-year-old `White Marsh' grapefruit trees on Sour orange rootstock to monitor the downward transport of nutrients from fertilization practices. Fertilizer was applied as either dry granular broadcast (three applications/year) or fertigation (15 applications/year) at N rates of 56, 112, 168, and 336 kg/ha per year using a N:P:K blend (1.0:0.17:1.0). Soil solution was sampled bi-weekly from suction lysimeters, installed under the tree canopy, about 120 cm from the tree trunk, at two depths representing above (120 cm) and below (180 cm) the hard pan. The concentrations of K, Ca, and Mg were greater at the 180- than at 120-cm depth, whereas, the converse was true with respect to the concentration of P in soil solution. Over a 2-year period, the mean concentrations of P and K varied from 0.031-0.976 and 150-250 mg·L–1, respectively. Increased rate of fertilization also appeared to increase the concentrations of Ca and Mg in the soil solution. This could be due to effects of slight acidification of the soil with increased rates of ammonium form of N. A parallel study on pH measurements has shown evidence of soil acidification, under the tree canopy, with increased rates of ammonium fertilization. In a bedded grove, the soil solution above the hard pan is likely to seep into the water furrow, which is discharged into the drainage water.

scholarly journals Optimizing hydroponic culture media and NO3−/NH4+ ratio for improving essential oil compositions of purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Ahmadi ◽  
Abbas Samadi ◽  
Ebrahim Sepehr ◽  
Amir Rahimi ◽  
Sergey Shabala
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Echinacea Purpurea ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Growing Media

AbstractMedicinal plants represent a valuable commodity due to beneficial effects of their natural products on human health, prompting a need for finding a way to optimize/increase their production. In this study, a novel growing media with various perlite particle size and its mixture with peat moss was tested for hydroponic-based production of Echinacea purpurea medicinal plant under greenhouse conditions. The plant growth parameters such as plant height, total fresh leave weight, fresh root weight, total biomass, total chlorophyll, leaf area, and essential oil compositions were assessed. Perlite particle size in the growing media was varied from very coarse (more than 2 mm) to very fine (less than 0.5 mm), and the ratio between perlite and peat moss varied from 50:50 v/v to 30:70 v/v. In addition, two nitrate (NO3−) to ammonium (NH4+) ratios (90:10 and 70:30) were tested for each growing media. The medium containing very fine-grade perlite and 50:50 v/v perlite to peat moss ratio was found to be most optimal and beneficial for E. purpurea performance, resulting in maximal plant height, fresh and dry weight, leaf surface area, and chlorophyll content. It was also found that an increase in NO3−/NH4+ ratio caused a significant increase in plant growth parameters and increase the plant essential oil content. The major terpene hydrocarbons found in extract of E. purpurea with the best growth parameters were germacrene D (51%), myrcene (15%), α-pinene (12%), β-caryophyllene (11%), and 1-Pentadecene (4.4%), respectively. The percentages of these terpene hydrocarbons were increased by increasing of NO3−/NH4+ ratio. It can be concluded that decreasing the perlite particle size and increasing the NO3−/NH4+ ratio increased the plant growth parameters and essential oil compositions in E. purpurea.

Isolation, identification and characterization of native plant growth promoting bacteria and their plant growth promotion in Zea mays

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 75-80
Author(s):  
Pitchaiah Pelapudi ◽  
Sasikala Ch ◽  
Swarnabala Ganti
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Promotion ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Shoot Weight

In the present rapid growing world, need for a sustainable agricultural practice which helps in meeting the adequate food demand is much needed. In this context, plant growth promoting bacteria were brought into the spot light by the researchers. Though the plant growth promoting bacteria have several beneficial applications, due to some of the disadvantages in the field conditions, they lagged behind. In the current research work, native PGPR were isolated from the rhizosphere soil samples of maize with an aim to isolate the nitrogen fixing, phosphate solubilising and potash solubilising bacteria. Out of the several isolates, potent PGPR isolates viz., Paenibacillus durus PCPB067, Bacillus megaterium PCBMG041 and Paenibacillus glucanolyticus PCPG051 were isolated and identified by using the 16 S rRNA gene sequencing studies. Genomic DNA sequences obtained were deposited in the NCBI Genbank and accession numbers were assigned as MW793452, MW793456 and MW843633. In order to check the efficacy of the PGPR isolates, pot trials were conducted by taking maize as the host plant. Several parameters viz. shoot length, shoot weight, root length, root weight and weight of the seeds were tested in which PGP treatment showed good results (shoot length - 187±3.5 cm, shoot weight - 31±4 g, root length - 32±3.6 cm, root weight - 17±2 g, yield- 103.3±6.1 g) when compared to the chemical fertilizer treatment (shoot length - 177±3.5 cm, shoot weight - 25±3.6 g, root length - 24±3.5 cm, root weight - 14.6±1.52 g, yield- 85.6±7.6 g). Based on the results, it can be stated that these native PGPR isolates can be effectively used in the plant growth promotion of maize.

scholarly journals Plant Growth Promotion and Biocontrol Properties of Aneurinibacillus migulanus Isolated from Maize Roots (Zea mays)

2021 ◽  
pp. 46-59
Author(s):  
Lynda Kelvin Asogwa ◽  
Frank C. Ogbo
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Pot Experiment ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Maize Roots ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting

Aims: To isolate Plant Growth Promoting Bacillus strain from maize roots, to evaluate its biocontrol potentials and to characterize the isolate using16S rRNA sequencing. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Applied Microbiology and Brewing, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, between February 2019 and March 2020. Methodology: The isolation of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) from maize roots was done using Pikovskaya (PVK) agar. Quantitative determination of phosphate was carried out using PVK broth. Evaluations of other plant growth promoting properties were carried out such as IAA, etc. Fusarium and Enterobacter plant pathogens were isolated from diseased maize plants. The in vitro antagonism effects of the PGPR isolates against the pathogens were analyzed using the dual culture plate technique. The pot experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design. Plant characteristics such as plant height, shoot  and root weight, chlorophyll content, as well as disease assessment were recorded accordingly. The organisms were identified using phenotypic and molecular methods. Results: Seven PGPR bacteria were isolated from maize (Zea mays) roots using PVK agar. Aneurinibacillus migulanus gave the highest solubilization index of 4.21 while isolate IS48 gave the lowest solubilization index of 1.47. A. migulanus produced IAA, ammonia and cellulase enzyme but no hydrogen cyanide. The organism showed antagonism activity against the two tested phytopathogens. In the pot experiment, A. migulanus treated plants showed a statistically insignificant difference in maize plant height at P=0.05 but gave significant increases in shoot and root wet weights. The organism offered 83.33% and 71.43% protection against Enterobacter and Fusarium pathogens respectively in the pot experiment. Conclusion: A. migulanus solubilized phosphate in addition to other plant growth promoting  properties. It showed biocontrol potentials both in vitro and in vivo and thus can be used as substitute for synthetic agrochemicals.

scholarly journals Suitability of Citrus Species as Hosts of Sphaeropsis Tumefaciens Hedges.

1969 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-61
Author(s):  
S. D. Rodríguez ◽  
R. Rodríguez ◽  
P. L. Meléndez
Keyword(s):  
Disease Index ◽  
Sour Orange ◽  
Citrus Species ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Rough Lemon

The reaction of eight species of citrus and the chironja hybrid to inoculations with S. tumefaciens was evaluated in the greenhouse. All hosts developed disease symptoms, but their responses varied. Rough lemon was the host most severely affected by this pathogen, showing dieback symptoms 60 days after inoculation. The lowest disease index was observed in sour orange.

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