An approach for breeding varieties of rice resistant to bacterial leaf blight with induced mutations

1975 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Nakai ◽  
M. Goto
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Bacterial Leaf Blight ◽  
Induced Mutations ◽  
Disease Reaction ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
And Control ◽  
Highly Virulent

SUMMARYThe studies were designed for breeding resistant varieties of rice to bacterial leaf blightcaused by Xanlhomonas oryzae (Uyeda et Ishiyama) Dowson with induced mutations. In 1971, seedlings of irradiated lines (X$) originated from treatments of 60Co γ-and X-radiation and control (C6), which were propagated in bulk up to X6(C6) generations after the treatments, were inoculated with highly virulent isolates.The results showed that the variability of disease reaction within the irradiated lines increased in both resistant and susceptible directions from the control mean. It was assumed from these results that the irradiation treatments could induce polygenic mutations to give both germ types more resistant and those more susceptible to bacterial leaf blight, suggesting that such treatments might be an effective approach for breeding varieties resistant to the disease.

scholarly journals Selection Resistance of Rice Germplasm Accessions to Bacterial Leaf Blight

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dini Yuliani ◽  
Rina H. Wening ◽  
NFN Sudir
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Xanthomonas Oryzae ◽  
Bacterial Leaf Blight ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Isogenic Lines ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Cropping Seasons ◽  
Germplasm Accessions

<p>Seleksi Ketahanan Aksesi Plasma Nutfah Padi terhadap Hawar Daun Bakteri. Dini Yuliani, Rina H. Wening, dan Sudir. Usaha budi daya tanaman padi di Indonesia selalu dihadapkan pada berbagai kendala, di antaranya serangan penyakit hawar daun bakteri (HDB) yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). Pengendalian penyakit HDB dengan varietas tahan merupakan salah satu teknik yang murah dan mudah dilakukan oleh petani padi. Aksesi plasma nutfah sebagai sumber tetua untuk perakitan varietas tahan perlu diketahui reaksi ketahanannya terhadap penyakit HDB. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyeleksi ketahanan aksesi plasma nutfah terhadap penyakit HDB patotipe III, IV, dan VIII. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Balai Besar Penelitian Tanaman Padi di Sukamandi, Subang, Jawa Barat pada Musim Hujan 2012/2013 dan Musim Kemarau 2013 dengan Rancangan Acak Terpisah. Petak utama adalah tiga patotipe Xoo, yaitu patotipe III, IV, dan VIII. Sedangkan anak petak adalah materi yang diuji, yaitu 20 aksesi plasma nutfah dan tiga varietas pembanding. Sebanyak 20 rumpun tanaman per petak diinokulasi Xoo dengan metode pengguntingan. Inokulasi dilakukan pada saat pertanaman menjelang stadium primordia. Ujung-ujung daun digunting sepanjang kira-kira 10 cm dari ujung daun dengan gunting inokulasi yang berisi suspensi bakteri Xoo umur 48 jam dengan kepekatan 108 cfu. Pengamatan keparahan penyakit HDB dilakukan dengan mengukur panjang gejala terpanjang pada umur dua, tiga, dan empat minggu setelah inokulasi. Hasil pengujian ketahanan terhadap HDB patotipe III, IV, dan VIII diperoleh tiga aksesi plasma nutfah yang berasal dari galur isogenik menunjukkan keparahan penyakit HDB tidak berbeda nyata dengan varietas pembanding tahan Angke pada dua musim tanam. Galur isogenik tersebut, yaitu IRBB 55, IRBB 60, dan IRBB 61. Ketiga galur isogenik tersebut dapat dijadikan tetua tahan dalam perakitan varietas unggul baru tahan HDB.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Rice cultivation in Indonesia has been faced with many obstacles, including the attack of bacterial leaf blight (BLB) that caused by bacteria Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). Resistant variety was considered as the cheap technique to control BLB disease and could be used by rice farmers. Germplasm accessions as a source to build resistant varieties must be known their resistance to BLB disease. This study aimed at selecting the resistance germplasm accessions to BLB pathotype III, IV, and VIII. The study was conducted at the Experimental Station of the Indonesian Center for Rice Research in Sukamandi, Subang, West Java at wet season 2012/2013 and dry season 2013 with Split Plot Design. The main plot was three pathotypes Xoo i.e. pathotype III, IV, and VIII. The subplot was 20 germplasm accessions and three check varieties. A total of 20 hills of rice plants per plot were inoculated by Xoo with cutting method. Inoculation was conducted before the primordia stage. Inoculation of bacterial suspension containing Xoo aged 48 hours at a concentration of 108 cfu. Observations BLB disease severity was done by measuring the longest length of symptoms at the age of two, three, and four weeks after inoculation (WAI). The result showed that three germplasm accessions from near isogenic lines were not significantly different with the check varieties (Angke) in their resistance to Xoo pathotype III, IV, and VIII in two cropping seasons. The isogenic lines were IRBB 55, IRBB 60, and IRBB 61 can be used in the assembly of resistant new varieties to BLB.</p>

scholarly journals Metode Penyimpanan Bakteri Xanthomonas Oryzae pv. oryzae Penyebab Penyakit Hawar Daun Bakteri Pada Tanaman Padi Menggunakan Glycerol

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Santi Sariasih ◽  
Fitri Widiantini ◽  
Wiwin Widiawati
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Xanthomonas Oryzae ◽  
Bacterial Leaf Blight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Glycerol Solution ◽  
Glycerol Concentration ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
And Control

The existence of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, the bacteria which causes Bacterial Leaf Blight of rice, is really necessary for the laboratory to support the research activities of the phytopathology experts. Long-term preservation by using glycerol under -20°C can be conducted to preserve the culture’s availability to stay viable in the laboratory. This research aimed to determine the glycerol concentration that is able to preserve the viability and pathogenicity of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae bacteria after being preserved for 3 and 6 months. This experiments were performed using Completely Randomized Design which comprised of six treatments and four replications, they were: glycerol 50%, 40%, 30%, 20%, 10%, and control (without glycerol). The results of this study showed that viability of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae that was preserved within 20% glycerol solution for 6 months was different compared to control group. The number of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae bacteria on 20% glycerol was 4,49 x 109 CFU/ml, while on control group was 1,76 x 109 CFU/ml. 20% glycerol concentration had significant effect on the Bacterial Leaf Blight symptoms’ length after 6-months preservation that observed on the 7th day after incubation. The Bacterial Leaf Blight symptoms’ length on 20% glycerol treatment group was 46,2 mm and 22,7 mm on control group. Meanwhile for the 3 months preservation, the administration of glycerol did not show any significant effect on the Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae’s viability and the Bacterial Leaf Blight symptoms’ length.   

scholarly journals Identification of Rice Genotypes Resistant To Bacterial Leaf Blight Disease Using Ssr Markers

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-120
Author(s):  
A. Acharya ◽  
N. R. Adhikari ◽  
R. B. Amgain ◽  
A. Poudel ◽  
R. Yadav ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
Gene Pyramiding ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Bacterial Leaf Blight ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Blight Disease ◽  
Almost All

 Bacterial blight disease of rice is a growing and challenging concern in Nepal. Since bacterial pathogen (Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae) is difficult to manage by other means effectively, development of host plant resistance is the most effective mean to control this disease. This study was carried out to identify the bacterial leaf blight resistant genotypes of rice by using of molecular markers linked with bacterial blight resistant genes. Sixty genotypes of rice were screened at glass house for BB resistance and they were tested for the presence of Xa4, Xa5, Xa7 and Xa21 genes using markers MP, RM122, M5 and pTA248 respectively. IRBB 60 and Jumli Marshi were used as resistant and susceptible check respectively. Twenty five genotypes of rice were detected with presence of Xa4 gene, 24 genotypes with Xa5 gene and fourteen genotypes with Xa7 gene. Twenty four genotypes did not showed presence of any gene. Twenty four genotypes showed the presence of more than one gene with the specific molecular markers. Almost all genotypes that did not show presence of any gene were found highly susceptible in greenhouse conditions with both inoculums. Genotypes having more than one BB resistance gene were found resistant in greenhouse conditions with both inoculums suggesting combination of BB resistance gene through gene pyramiding will provide BB resistant varieties in rice breeding.

scholarly journals KETAHANAN DUA PULUH SATU VARIETAS PADI TERHADAP PENYAKIT HAWAR DAUN BAKTERI

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-173
Author(s):  
Heru Adi Djatmiko ◽  
Fatichin Fatichin
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Period ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Bacterial Leaf Blight ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Resistant Varieties

Resistance of twentyone rice varieties to Bacterial Leaf Blight.  Bacterial leaf blight is one of the most important diseases of rice plants.  Resistant Variety is one of safe, effective, and environment friendly alternative controls to suppress the bacterial leaf blight on rice.  The objectives of this research were to find the most resistant varieties against bacterial leaf blight, and to study the yield of inoculated rice varieties. The research was carried out experimentally. This experiment was arranged in Randomized completely block design with 22 treatments and three replicates. Varieties of IR64 as control for susceptible varieties. Observed Variables were incubation period, disease intensity, seed weight per panicle, and seed weight per hills.  The result of this research showed that variety IR 70 was the most resistant variety to bacterial leaf blight. Variety having highest yield was Rojolele with seed weight per hill was 31.17 g.

scholarly journals The Role of Nanochitosan on the Expression of Rice Resistance Genes against Bacterial Leaf Blight

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Siswanti Siswanti ◽  
Tri Joko ◽  
Siti Subandiyah
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Bacterial Leaf Blight ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Significant Difference

Bacterial leaf blight (BLB) caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) has been reported to cause ± 20–50% of rice yield loss around the world. Resistant varieties are used to control this disease, however due to rapid evolution of this pathogen, the resistances was broken down in a few years. This study is aimed to determine the role of nanochitosan in the expression of rice Xa21 and Xa1 resistant genes against Xoo. The BLB susceptible rice cultivar IR64, the Xoo isolate MAG2 and a 0.065% concentration of nanochitosan were used in this experiment. Application of nanochitosan was carried out within 1-week intervals starting at rice aged 2–10 weeks after transplanting. The expression of Xa21 and Xa1 genes against Xoo were analyzed using conventional PCR and qPCR methods at 0 and 4 days after Xoo inoculation followed by 4x scoring of disease symptoms in 1-week interval. The treatments used in this study included the mock one/inoculated with sterile distilled water, K (+)/ plants inoculated with Xoo, CNP (-)/ with nanochitosan and sterile distilled water inoculation, and CNP (+)/ with nanochitosan and Xoo inoculation. The results showed that the 0.0065% concentration nanochitosan application was able to increase the expression of Xa21 and Xa1 genes on CNP (-). Disease intensity and AUDPC values did not show any significant difference between K (+) and CNP (+). This study concluded that nanochitosan at 0.065% was able to increase the expression of rice Xa21 and Xa1 resistance genes. However, the gene expression was not able to significantly suppress the infection development of Xoo.

scholarly journals DETECTION OF GENES RESISTANT TO BACTERIAL LEAF BLIGHT IN RICE CULTIVARS FROM SITUBONDO AND JEMBER, INDONESIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Rasmiyana ., ◽  
Hardian Susilo Addy ◽  
Erlia Narulita
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Bacterial Leaf Blight ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Generative Stage

Detection of genes resistant to bacterial leaf blight in rice cultivars from Situbondo and Jember, Indonesia. Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), causing bacterial leaf blight, is a destructive pathogen that significantly affects rice production. The use of resistant varieties is the most effective and economical strategy to reduce the impact of the disease. This study aimed to analyze the genetic basis of resistance to Xoo in rice. The incidence and severity of bacterial leaf blight were assessed in the field through a diagonal random sampling method. PCR was used to detect resistant genes in rice with eight Xa-specific primers. The presence of Xa genes and environmental conditions were statistically analyzed to determine whether the disease incidence and disease severity were related to average temperature and rain intensity. The means for disease incidence and severity at the generative stage were higher than those at the vegetative stage. The 12 rice cultivars were categorized into four groups based on the presence of Xa gene sequences; most cultivars had Xa10 and Xa13, and one cultivar had five Xa genes. Disease incidence and severity were weakly correlated to the presence of resistance genes, as well as to environmental factors. Most rice cultivars from the Regencies of Jember and Situbondo carry Xa10 and Xa13 resistance genes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document