Effects of plant density and inorganic nitrogen fertilizer on field beans (Vicia faba)

1995 ◽  
Vol 125 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Aguilera-Diaz ◽  
L. Recalde-Manrique
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Area Index ◽  
N Application Rate ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
The Mean

SUMMARYA factorial experiment on Vicia faba L. cv. Alameda with three plant densities at three levels of nitrogen fertilization was done for three years (1984–87) at Granada. Yield varied markedly from 403 to 579 g/m2 between seasons. The mean increase in plant population density from 10 to 16 plants/m2 raised seed yield, but a further increase to 21 plants/m2 did not increase yield significantly. There was, however, considerable variation in the response to increasing density (Dl to D3) within each N level (N0, N1 and N2). Application of 30 kg N/ha at the start of flowering increased mean seed yield only at the lowest plant density and in 1986, but 60 kg N/ha increased yield by 135% on average over the 3 years. The highest N application rate resulted in consistently higher overall yields at each plant density. Leaf area index (LAI) showed a significant increase at 20 seeds/m2 compared with that at 10 seeds/m2 but there was no further increase at 30 seeds/m2. Harvest index (HI) was mainly affected by the annual weather conditions, and ranged from 47–4 in 1986 to 62–6 in 1987. HI was related to the mean temperature at flowering (April).

scholarly journals Reducing N Application by Increasing Plant Density Based on Evaluation of Root, Photosynthesis, N Accumulation and Yield of Wheat

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1080
Author(s):  
Xiangqian Zhang ◽  
Shizhou Du ◽  
Yunji Xu ◽  
Chengfu Cao ◽  
Huan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
N Application ◽  
Area Index ◽  
N Level ◽  
N Application Rate

(Aims) To clarify the mechanisms though which dense planting could alleviate the negative effect of the reducing N rate on yield, (Methods) an experiment with four nitrogen levels—0 (N0), 120 (N1), 180 (N2) and 240 (N3) kg N ha−1—and three plant densities—180 (D1), 240 (D2) and 300 (D3) × 104 basic seedlings ha−1—was conducted. (Results) Increasing plant density decreased the root length, root volume, root surface area and root tips of individual plant while it enhanced the aforementioned root traits in population. The chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of the individual plants were decreased with the increase in plant density and enhanced with the increase in N level. The increasing density and N application rate enhanced the leaf area index, photosynthetic high-efficiency leaf area and canopy photosynthetically active radiation of population. N accumulation per plant was decreased with increasing density and was enhanced with an increasing N application level. Within the same N level, the N accumulation in the population, N production efficiency and N recovery efficiency were consistently D3 > D2 > D1. A high N application rate with high density was not conducive to improving the NR (nitrate reductase), GS (glutamine synthetase) and GOGAT (glutamate synthase) activities. The yield could be maintained as stable or improved if decreasing by 60 kg N ha−1 with increasing 60 × 104 basic seedlings ha−1 within the range of N application in this experiment. (Conclusions) These results indicated that the yield of wheat could be improved with less N application by adjusting the compensatory effects from the plant density in populations.

Effects of inflorescence removal on seed yield performance of field beans (Vicia faba) under different shading treatments

1989 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Aufhammer ◽  
I. Götz-Lee
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Field Bean ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Field Beans

SUMMARYEffects of inflorescence removal under different plant densities and degrees of shading on seed yield of field beans (Vicia faba L.) were investigated. Two indeterminate cultivars were used in field experiments for two seasons (1985 and 1986). The hierarchy within the generative storage system of field bean plants was manipulated by removal of inflorescences at various growth stages and nodes.Removal of the inflorescences of nodes 1–3 (counted from the base upwards) caused about 30% loss of seed yield potential compared with the control but compensatory increases in seed yield were found, differing with plant density and duration of shading. Under favourable growing conditions (no shading, 20 plants/m2), overcompensation occurred, giving a mean seed yield up to 40% more than in controls.Removal of all inflorescences above the ninth flowering node did not significantly reduce seed yield as plants completely compensated for the restriction on yield imposed.

scholarly journals Effects of plant density and npk application on the growth and yield of white guinea yam (Dioscorea rotundata Poir) in a forest zone of Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (66) ◽  
pp. 9404-9417
Author(s):  
KE Law-Ogbomo ◽  
◽  
AU Osaigbovo
Keyword(s):  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Dioscorea Rotundata ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Plant Densities

Studies were conducted at Evboneka, Edo State, Nigeria in a forest zone to examine the effect of increasing plant population and NPK application on the growth and tuber yield of Dioscorea rotundata (Poir) cv “Obiaoturugo”. This study involved three trials. The first was conducted in 2010 involving five plant densities (10000, 13333, 17778, 20000 and 266667 plants per hectare (pph)) laid in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) and replicated four times. The second trial was conducted in 2010 involving five NPK application rate (0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 kg NPK 15:15:15 ha-1) using RCBD and replicated three times. In the third trial, the best three plant densities (10000, 13333 and 17778 pph) from the first trial were re-evaluated with the best two NPK application rates (200 and 300 kg NPK ha-1) and control (0 kg ha-1) from the second trial using a 3 x 3 factorial arrangement fitted into RCBD with three replicates. Results from the plant density trial revealed that increasing plant density significantly resulted in increased fresh tuber yield and decreased in number of tuber per stand, tuber size, % unmarketable tuber and multiplication ratio (MR). Based on MR, the best tuber yield was produced from 10000 pph, followed by 13333 and 17778, which were statistically comparable. Results from the fertilizer trial showed that the application of 300 kg ha-1 had the highest tuber yield (19.16 t ha-1 ) statistically similar to 200 kg ha-1 (19.12 t ha-1). There was no significant interaction effect on agronomic traits assessed as both factors acted independently on yam plants. Increasing plant density and NPK application rate resulted in increased degree of foliation and leaf area index (LAI). These parameters imparted higher photosynthetic capacity and translocation leading to higher total dry matter production and tuber yield. A plant density of 10000 pph and 300 kg ha-1 could be most profitable and also bring about a considerable increase in growth and tuber yield of yam.

scholarly journals Safflower genotype by plant density on yield and phenological characteristics

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (s1) ◽  
pp. 145-163
Author(s):  
O.G. Moatshe ◽  
V.E. Emongor ◽  
T.V. Balole ◽  
S.O. Tshwenyane
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Carthamus Tinctorius ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Oilseed Crop ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Plant Densities

Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is a temperate plant grown in arid and semi-arid regions of the world, and is the most drought tolerant oilseed crop. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of genotype and plant density on growth, phenology and yield of safflower. Treatments included five safflower genotypes and six plant densities laid out in a randomised block design. Increasing plant density from 62,500 to 100,000 plants ha-1 significantly (P < 0.05) increased leaf area index (LAI), leaf area duration (LAD), total leaf chlorophyll content (Tchl) and net assimilation rate (NAR) at all phenological stages in both winter and summer. For all genotypes, the highest LAI, LAD, Tchl, NAR, total dry matter accumulation (TDM) and seed yield resulted at a plant density of 100,000 plants ha-1. Maximum LAI, LAD, NAR and Tchl were observed at 50% flowering, compared to other phenological stages in all genotypes and plant densities. In general, genotype ‘Sina’ at 100,000 plants ha-1 significantly (P < 0.05) had the highest LAI, LAD, Tchl, TDM and seed yield compared to other genotypes and plant densities in both summer and winter.

scholarly journals Leaf Senescence, Root Morphology, and Seed Yield of Winter Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.) at Varying Plant Densities

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Li ◽  
Muhammad Shahbaz Naeem ◽  
Shafaqat Ali ◽  
Liyan Zhang ◽  
Lixin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Leaf Senescence ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Rapid Decrease ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Root Surface Area ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Area Index ◽  
High Plant Density ◽  
Plant Densities

In this study, the yield and yield components were studied using a conventional variety Zhongshuang 11 (ZS 11) and a hybrid variety Zhongyouza 12 (ZYZ 12) at varying plant densities. The increase in plant density led to an initial increase in seed yield and pod numbers per unit area, followed by a decrease. The optimal plant density was 58.5 × 104 plants ha−1 in both ZS 11 and ZYZ 12. The further researches on physiological traits showed a rapid decrease in the green leaf area index (GLAI) and chlorophyll content and a remarkable increase in malondialdehyde content in high plant density (HPD) population than did the low plant density (LPD) population, which indicated the rapid leaf senescence. However, HPD had higher values in terms of pod area index (PAI), pod photosynthesis, and radiation use efficiency (RUE) after peak anthesis. A significantly higher level of dry matter accumulation and nitrogen utilization efficiency were observed, which resulted in higher yield. HPD resulted in a rapid decrease in root morphological parameters (root length, root tips, root surface area, and root volume). These results suggested that increasing the plant density within a certain range was a promising option for high seed yield in winter rapeseed in China.

scholarly journals Effect of seed coating on the yield of soybean Glycine max (L.) Merr.  

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wacław Jarecki ◽  
Justyna Wietecha
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Plant Analysis ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Coating Application ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
The Difference

Enhanced seeds, e.g. dressed, encrusted or pelleted seeds, are often sown in agricultural practice. These treatments play a different role depending on the type and chemical composition of the preparation. The aim of the experiment was to compare the effectiveness of three coatings (B – chitosan, C – chitosan + alginate/jojoba oil/E and D – chitosan + alginate/PEG) applied to soybean seeds in comparison to control (A). The study was carried out in three cultivars: Annushka, Mavka and Smuglyanka. The coatings did not differentiate seed yield in 2018 due to favourable weather conditions. The use of coating D in the following years increased seed yield by 0.46 t/ha in 2019 and by 0.51 t/ha in 2020 compared to control. The obtained results allow concluding that coating D was the most effective in soybean cultivation. The field emergence capacity, plant density as well as the SPAD (soil plant analysis development) and LAI (leaf area index) indices were significantly increased compared to control as a result of this coating application. The g<sub>s</sub> index (stomatal leaf conductance) was significantly reduced. The cv. Smuglyanka yields were significantly higher compared to cvs. Mavka and Annushka, by 0.32 t/ha and 0.85 t/ha, respectively. The difference in seed yield between 2018 and 2019 was 0.81 t/ha.  

scholarly journals Optimizing plant density and nitrogen application to manipulate tiller growth and increase grain yield and nitrogen-use efficiency in winter wheat

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongqing Yang ◽  
Tie Cai ◽  
Yongli Luo ◽  
Zhenlin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
N Application ◽  
N Application Rate ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Use Efficiency

The growth of wheat tillers and plant nitrogen-use efficiency (NUE) will gradually deteriorate in response to high plant density and over-application of N. Therefore, in this study, a 2-year field study was conducted with three levels of plant densities (75 ×104plants ha−1, D1; 300 ×104plants ha−1, D2; 525 ×104plants ha−1, D3) and three levels of N application rates (120 kg N ha−1, N1; 240 kg N ha−1, N2; 360 kg N ha−1, N3) to determine how to optimize plant density and N application to regulate tiller growth and to assess the contribution of such measures to enhancing grain yield (GY) and NUE. The results indicated that an increase in plant density significantly increased the number of superior tillers and the number of spikes per m2(SN), resulting in a higher GY and higher partial factor productivity of applied N (PFPN). However, there was no significant difference in GY and PFPNbetween plant densities D2 and D3. Increasing the N application rate significantly increased the vascular bundle number (NVB) and area (AVB), however, excess N application (N3) did not significantly improve these parameters. N application significantly increased GY, whereas there was a significant decrease in PFPNin response to an increase in N application rate. The two years results suggested that increasing the plant density (from 75 ×104plants ha−1to 336 ×104plants ha−1) in conjunction with the application of 290 kg N ha−1N will maximize GY, and also increase PFPN(39.7 kg kg−1), compared with the application of 360 kg N ha−1N. Therefore, an appropriate combination of increased planting density with reduced N application could regulate tiller number and favor the superior tiller group, to produce wheat populations with enhanced yield and NUE.

Assessment of sowing dates and plant densities using CSM-CROPGRO-Soybean for soybean maturity groups in low latitude

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
L. S. Sampaio ◽  
R. Battisti ◽  
M. A. Lana ◽  
K. J. Boote
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Crop Model ◽  
Management Scenarios ◽  
Low Latitude ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Maturity Groups

Abstract Crop models can be used to explain yield variations associated with management practices, environment and genotype. This study aimed to assess the effect of plant densities using CSM-CROPGRO-Soybean for low latitudes. The crop model was calibrated and evaluated using data from field experiments, including plant densities (10, 20, 30 and 40 plants per m2), maturity groups (MG 7.7 and 8.8) and sowing dates (calibration: 06 Jan., 19 Jan., 16 Feb. 2018; and evaluation: 19 Jan. 2019). The model simulated phenology with a bias lower than 2 days for calibration and 7 days for evaluation. Relative root mean square error for the maximum leaf area index varied from 12.2 to 31.3%; while that for grain yield varied between 3 and 32%. The calibrated model was used to simulate different management scenarios across six sites located in the low latitude, considering 33 growing seasons. Simulations showed a higher yield for 40 pl per m2, as expected, but with greater yield gain increments occurring at low plant density going from 10 to 20 pl per m2. In Santarém, Brazil, MG 8.8 sown on 21 Feb. had a median yield of 2658, 3197, 3442 and 3583 kg/ha, respectively, for 10, 20, 30 and 40 pl per m2, resulting in a relative increase of 20, 8 and 4% for each additional 10 pl per m2. Overall, the crop model had adequate performance, indicating a minimum recommended plant density of 20 pl per m2, while sowing dates and maturity groups showed different yield level and pattern across sites in function of the local climate.

Canola seed yield and phenological responses to plant density

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gan Yantai ◽  
K. Neil Harker ◽  
H. Randy Kutcher ◽  
Robert H. Gulden ◽  
Byron Irvine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Flowering Period ◽  
Canola Seed ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Plant Densities

Optimal plant density is required to improve plant phenological traits and maximize seed yield in field crops. In this study, we determined the effect of plant density on duration of flowering, post-flowering phase, and seed yield of canola in diverse environments. The field study was conducted at 16 site-years across the major canola growing area of western Canada from 2010 to 2012. The cultivar InVigor® 5440, a glufosinate-resistant hybrid, was grown at five plant densities (20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 plants m−2) in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. Canola seed yield had a linear relationship with plant density at 8 of the 16 site-years, a quadratic relationship at 4 site-years, and there was no correlation between the two variables in the remaining 4 site-years. At site-years with low to medium productivity, canola seed yield increased by 10.2 to 14.7 kg ha−1 for every additional plant per square metre. Averaged across the 16 diverse environments, canola plants spent an average of 22% of their life cycle flowering and another 27% of the time filling seed post-flowering. Canola seed yield had a negative association with duration of flowering and a positive association with the days post-flowering but was not associated with number of days to maturity. The post-flowering period was 12.7, 14.7, and 12.6 d (or 55, 68, and 58%) longer in high-yield experiments than in low-yield experiments in 2010, 2011, and 2012, respectively. We conclude that optimization of plant density for canola seed yield varies with environment and that a longer post-flowering period is critical for increasing canola yield in western Canada.

Effect of plant density and herbicide application on alfalfa seed and weed yields

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 481-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Moyer ◽  
R. W. Richards ◽  
G. B. Schaalje
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Joint Effect ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Perennial Weed ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Alfalfa Seed ◽  
Untreated Check ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Seed Yields

Alfalfa was seeded in row spacings of 36, 72 and 108 cm and at broadcast seeding rates of 0.33, 1.0 and 3.0 kg ha−1 on irrigated land at Tilley (1983) and Lethbridge (1984), Alberta to determine the effect of plant density on weed growth and alfalfa seed yield. During the seed-producing years at each location, herbicide treatments were overlaid on seeding treatments in a split-block arrangement to assess the joint effect of herbicides and plant density on alfalfa seed yield. Hexazinone was the main herbicide used for weed control. Alfalfa seed and weeds were harvested for 5 yr following alfalfa establishment. Alfalfa seed yields tended to be maximum with 36-cm row spacings or the 3.0 kg ha−1 broadcast seeding rate, and were similar in row-seeded and broadcast-seeded alfalfa. Dry matter yields of weeds decreased as row spacings decreased or the broadcast seeding rate increased. Hexazinone controlled quackgrass, sow thistle, flixweed and kochia. In the experiment at Tilley with perennial weed infestations, mean alfalfa seed yields from 1984 to 1985 were 20% larger when herbicides were used than in the untreated check. Alfalfa plant densities slightly larger than currently recommended usually produced the largest seed yields and smallest weed infestations. Key words: Medicago sativa, quackgrass, kochia, sow thistle, flixweed, hexazinone

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