Glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase activities in relation to nitrogen fixation in Lotus spp.

Lotus corniculatus, L. tenuis, L. pedunculatus, and L. subbiflorus inoculated with Mesorhizobium loti NZP2037 strain were grown in a growth chamber. The plants dry weight (DW), the nodule fresh weight (FW), the nitrogenase activity, the nodule glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamate synthase (GOGAT) activities, as well as the leghemoglobin content and the amino acid in the stem were measured 28 days after inoculation. The highest DW of plants was measured in L. tenuis and the highest FW of nodules was measured in L. pedunculatus. Nitrogenase activity in L. tenuis, L. pedunculatus and L. subbiflorus was six fold the activity in L. corniculatus. Nodule GS and GOGAT activities did not follow this same pattern. L. tenuis had the highest values of GS and GOGAT activities in the nodule, and a high nitrogenase activity which is consistent with its high plant DW. The four species of Lotus were compared and no correlation between nitrogen fixation parameters and ammonia assimilation enzymes was found, but the GS/GOGAT ratio has a positive and significant correlation (r²=0.82**) with the amino acid content in stems.

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NODULE SENESCENCE AND BIOMASS COMPONENTS IN COMMON BEAN CULTIVARS

Revista Fitotecnia Mexicana ◽

10.35196/rfm.2008.3.195 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 31 (3) ◽

pp. 195

Author(s):

Fabián Fernández-Luqueño ◽

David Espinosa-Victoria ◽

Antonio Munive ◽

Langen Corlay Chee ◽

Luis M. Serrano-Covarrubias

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fixation ◽

Common Bean ◽

Nitrogenase Activity ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Type I ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Symbiotic Relationships ◽

Nodule Senescence ◽

Biomass Components ◽

Growth Habits

Most legumes establish mutualistic symbiotic relationships with atmospheric nitrogen-fixing bacteria (rhizobia), giving origin to nodules. Nodules exhibit natural or induced aging which coincides with the drop in nitrogenase activity at the flowering period or at the pod filling stage. In this research, the onset of nodule senescence (NS) was evaluated under greenhouse conditions in five common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars of two growth habits, determined (Type I) and indeterminate (Type III), inoculated with Rhizobium etli CE-3. Weekly destructive samplings were taken to determine nitrogen fixation by the acetylene reduction assay, the number and fresh weight of nodules, as well as root and above ground biomass dry weight. It was found that NS in bean appears to be independent of host plant phenological stage (flowering or pod filling), the longer period the symbiotic system is fixing nitrogen the greater yield is obtained, and that the nodules number and fresh weight are reliable indicators of the nitrogen fixation capacity.

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High-temperature-adaptedAzospirillum brasilensestrains: growth and interaction response on associative nitrogen fixation, mineral uptake and yield of cheena (Panicum miliaceumL.) genotypes in calcareous soil

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600081351 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 110 (2) ◽

pp. 321-329 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

R. Rai

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fixation ◽

High Temperature ◽

Calcareous Soil ◽

Nitrogenase Activity ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Cross Resistance ◽

Mineral Uptake ◽

Associative Nitrogen Fixation ◽

Seed Inoculation ◽

Resistance To Penicillin

SummaryHigh-temperature-adapted strains RAU 1, RAU 2 and RAU 3 ofAzospirillum brasilenseC 7 were isolated from stepwise transfer to higher temperature (30 to 42 °C). One of the strains (RAU 1) showed more growth, greater nitrogenase and hydrogenase activities at 30 and 42 °C than parental and other temperature-adapted strains. This strain also showed growth and more nitrogenase activity from pH 6·5 to 8·0. Strain RAU 1 showed cross-resistance to penicillin (300/µg/ml) but not to streptomycin, kanamycin, viomycin and polymixin B at 30 and 42 °C. It was demonstrated in field plots in calcareous soil that seed inoculation with RAU 1 enhanced mineral uptake of cheena. Inoculation with RAU 1 led to a significant increase in associative nitrogen fixation, dry weight of roots, grain and straw yield of cheena compared with the uninoculated control with or without applied N, but the effect of seed inoculation with high-temperature-adapted strains was variable with different genotypes of cheena.

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The Involvement of Glutamine Synthetase/Glutamate Synthase in Ammonia Assimilation by Aspergillus Nidulans

Microbiology ◽

10.1099/00221287-133-5-1235 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 133 (5) ◽

pp. 1235-1242 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

M. B. Kusnan ◽

M. G. Berger ◽

H. P. Fock

Keyword(s):

Glutamine Synthetase ◽

Aspergillus Nidulans ◽

Glutamate Synthase ◽

Ammonia Assimilation

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Exogenous proline application enhances the efficiency of nitrogen fixation and assimilation in chickpea plants exposed to cadmium

Legume Research - An International Journal ◽

10.18805/lr.v0iof.9291 ◽

2016 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni ◽

Qaiser Hayat ◽

Shamsul Hayat ◽

Mohammad Faizan ◽

Ahmad Faraz

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fixation ◽

Adverse Effects ◽

Nitrate Reductase ◽

Glutamine Synthetase ◽

Glutamate Synthase ◽

Leaf Nitrogen ◽

Nitrate Content ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Activity Of Enzymes ◽

Exogenous Proline

Seeds of chickpea were sown in the pots supplemented with 0, 25, 50 or 100 mg of cadmium per kg of soil. At the stage of 30 days after sowing (DAS), the raised plants were sprayed with 20 mM proline except for the control plants which received double distilled water (DDW). The increasing degree of damage caused by the increasing concentration of Cd in soil was partially overcome by proline application. The treatment of 25 mg Cd fed plants with 20 mM proline increased significantly the nodulation parameters, leghemoglobin and carbohydrate content, leaf nitrogen and root nitrate content, activity of enzymes nitrogenase (E.C 1.18.6.1), nitrate reductase (E.C. 1.6.6.1), glutamine synthetase (GS) (E.C 6.3.1.2), glutamate synthase (GOGAT) (E.C 1.4.7.1) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) (E.C 1.4.1.3) over that of the control. The value of these parameters was found to be at par with that of the control in the plants exposed to 50 mg Cd per kg of soil and also treated with 20 mM proline. However, the treatment was not found to be effective in alleviating the adverse effects of 100 mg Cd per kg of soil.

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Studies on associative nitrogen fixation by antibiotic-resistant mutants ofAzospirillum brasilensewith genotypes of lentil (Lens culinaris)Rhizobiumstrains in calcareous soil

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600043136 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 104 (1) ◽

pp. 207-215 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

R. Rai

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fixation ◽

Azospirillum Brasilense ◽

Calcareous Soil ◽

Lens Culinaris ◽

Nitrogenase Activity ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Antibiotic Resistant ◽

Uninoculated Control ◽

Resistant Mutants ◽

Antibiotic Resistant Mutants

SummaryNitrosoguanidine-induced mutation frequencies for resistance to streptomycin, spectinomycin, erythromycin and novomycin were studied inAzospirillum brasilense.Lentil inoculated withA. brasilenseand its mutants andRhizobiumstrains produced increased nodule dry weight, nitrogenase activity of nodules and roots and grain yield compared with an uninoculated control.

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Expression of bacterial glutamine synthetase gene in Arabidopsis thaliana increases the plant biomass and level of nitrogen utilization

Biologia ◽

10.1515/biolog-2015-0183 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 70 (12) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Chenguang Zhu ◽

Guimin Zhang ◽

Chunlei Shen ◽

Shilin Chen ◽

Yuanping Tang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽

Glutamine Synthetase ◽

Biochemical Characterization ◽

Plant Biomass ◽

Amino Acid Content ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Total Amino Acid ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Plant Nitrogen ◽

Protein Levels

AbstractChanges in expression of glutamine synthetase (GS) have effect on plant nitrogen metabolism. In order to improve nitrogen use efficiency, several attempts at over-expressing GS II genes in plants have been previously undertaken, however few GSI and III genes are found such application. In this study, two GS I genes were cloned from bacterial strains and were transformed into Arabidopsis thaliana. Expression of the genes was confirmed under both mRNA and protein levels. Phenotypic studies revealed that all transgenic Arabidopsis lines showed enhanced fresh weight (12%) and dry weight (13%) compared with the wild-type plants at two concentrations of nitrate supplies. Further biochemical characterization confirmed that the transgenic lines had higher total nitrogen content (increased by 5-8%), soluble protein concentration (increased by 7-11%), total amino acid content (increased by 4-8%), leaf GS activity (enhanced by 8-14%) and free NO

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Establishment of a procedure to determine the content of 17 amino acids in soft-shell crab (Scylla sp.)

Vietnam Journal of Biotechnology ◽

10.15625/1811-4989/18/3/14484 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 487-495

Author(s):

Nguyen Phuong Lan ◽

Do Thi Thanh Trung ◽

Van Thu Vu ◽

Le Tat Thanh

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Acid Content ◽

Large Scale ◽

Amino Acid Content ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Production Costs ◽

Asia Pacific ◽

Bioactive Substances ◽

Soft Shell

Mud crab Scylla sp. is a common sea crab species in Vietnam as well as in Asia Pacific. Today, mud crabs are raised on a large scale to be harvested at the soft molting stage because of the high economic value of the finished shell crabs. At present, the processing of soft shell crabs is limited to whole packaging and exporting. However, 30% of soft-shelled crabs in processing often lose their feet and claws, which reduce production costs. Therefore, it is necessary to study the technology of processing soft-shell crabs to improve the value of soft-shelled crab products. Recently, the application of enzymes in processing has brought many benefits such as being environmentally friendly and creating many bioactive substances. In this journal, we built the procedure to determine amino acid content in the processing of Scylla sp. to ensure the quality of products obtained after processing. This procedure based on HPLC using a fluorescence reader. The results showed that the amino acid content after hydrolysis process by enzyme technology reached 65.58% dry weight and contains many valuable amino acids such as lysine, leucine, valine, methionine, histidine.

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Bidirectional Selection for Nitrogenase Activity and Shoot Dry Weight Among Late Generation Progenies of a Virginia x Spanish Peanut Cross1

Peanut Science ◽

10.3146/i0095-3679-13-2-12 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 86-89 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

S. Arrendell ◽

J. C. Wynne ◽

G. H. Elkan ◽

T. J. Schneeweis

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fixation ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Growth Habit ◽

Nitrogenase Activity ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Plant Growth Habit ◽

The Mean ◽

Selection For

Abstract Improvement of the host contribution to nitrogen fixation has been proposed as a method of increasing nitrogen fixation. Significant variability and generally high broad-sense heritability estimates (.60 ± .27 to .82 ± .26 for nitrogenase activity and .53 ± .29 to .85 ± .26 for shoot dry weight) have been reported for F2-derived families from a cross between the Virginia (Arachis hypogaea L. ssp. hypogaea var. hypogaea) cultivar NC 6 and the Spanish (ssp. fastigiata Waldron vulgaris Harz.) breeding line 922, indicating selection for increased nigtogen fixation should be effective in this population. Lines from this population were chosen randomly from F2-derived families selected for high and low nitrogenase activity and high and low shoot dry weight after evaluation at three dates and two locations in each of 2 years (F5 and F6 generations). This study's objectives were to evaluate the N2-fixing ability of the selected lines and to evaluate the association between plant growth habit and N2 fixation. Twenty-four lines in each of the four selection groups and the parents, NC 6 and 922, were evaluated at two sampling dates and two locations. Mean nitrogenase activity of lines selected for increased nitrogenase activity was significantly greater than the mean of the lines selected for low nitrogenase activity. Improved nitrogenase activity was associated with increased fruit weight. The fruit weight mean of the group selected for increased fruit weight. The fruit weight mean of the group selected for increased nitrogenase activity was 39% greater than the mean of the group selected for low nitrogenase activity. Mean shoot dry weight of lines selected for increased shoot dry weight was significantly greater than the mean of the lines selected for low shoot dry weight; however, the fruit weight means of these two groups did not differ. It was hypothesized that selection for increased N2 fixation in a population derived from a cross between Virginia and Spanish types would eliminate genotypes with Spanish growth habit. Groups selected for high nitrogenase activity and for high shoot dry weight had longer and wider leaflets, longer cotyledonary laterals and greater main stem height than did their respective low selection groups. However, these traits chosen to characterize plant growth habit were inadequate in discriminating parental growth habits. Consequently, the data neither substantiated nor refuted the hypothesis.

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The effects of amino acids on the growth and sporulation of Verticillium dahliae

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b87-182 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 65 (7) ◽

pp. 1299-1302 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

D. R. Duncan ◽

E. B. Himelick

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Verticillium Wilt ◽

Verticillium Dahliae ◽

Acer Saccharum ◽

Sugar Maple ◽

Xylem Sap ◽

Amino Acid Content ◽

Fungal Growth ◽

Dry Weight

Conidial and dry weight production of Verticillium dahliae varied greatly depending on the amino acid used as the nitrogen source in Czapek's–Dox medium. Variable fungal growth was also noted when mixtures of amino acids were used and growth was dependent on the type and concentration of each amino acid in the mixture. Similar variation was obtained when sugar maple (Acer saccharum) sap was amended with individual amino acids. These results are examined in relation to the reported variation in the amino acid content of host xylem sap and in relation to verticillium wilt development.

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