On the calculation of the reliability of general load sharing systems

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (03) ◽  
pp. 777-792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiowjen Lee ◽  
S. Durham ◽  
J. Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Recursive Formula ◽  
Load Sharing ◽  
Interesting Property ◽  
Strength Distribution ◽  
Sharing Rule ◽  
Cancellation Property ◽  
Sharing Rules ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Insight Into

Harlow et al. (1983) have given a recursive formula which is fundamental for computing the bundle strength distribution under a general class of load sharing rules called monotone load sharing rules. As the bundle size increases, the formula becomes prohibitively complex and, by itself, does not give much insight into the relationship of the assumed load sharing rule to the overall strength distribution. In this paper, an algorithm is given which gives some additional insight into this relationship. Here it is shown how to explicitly compute the bundle strength survival distribution by using a new type of graph called the loading diagram. The graph is parallel in structure and recursive in nature and so would appear to lend itself to large-scale computation. In addition, the graph has an interesting property (which we refer to as the cancellation property) which is related to the asymptotics of the Weibull as a minimum stable law.

On the calculation of the reliability of general load sharing systems

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 777-792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiowjen Lee ◽  
S. Durham ◽  
J. Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Recursive Formula ◽  
Load Sharing ◽  
Interesting Property ◽  
Strength Distribution ◽  
Sharing Rule ◽  
Cancellation Property ◽  
Sharing Rules ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Insight Into

Harlow et al. (1983) have given a recursive formula which is fundamental for computing the bundle strength distribution under a general class of load sharing rules called monotone load sharing rules. As the bundle size increases, the formula becomes prohibitively complex and, by itself, does not give much insight into the relationship of the assumed load sharing rule to the overall strength distribution. In this paper, an algorithm is given which gives some additional insight into this relationship. Here it is shown how to explicitly compute the bundle strength survival distribution by using a new type of graph called the loading diagram. The graph is parallel in structure and recursive in nature and so would appear to lend itself to large-scale computation. In addition, the graph has an interesting property (which we refer to as the cancellation property) which is related to the asymptotics of the Weibull as a minimum stable law.

scholarly journals Geo-Spatial Analysis of Population Density and Annual Income to Identify Large-Scale Socio-Demographic Disparities

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 432
Author(s):  
Nicolai Moos ◽  
Carsten Juergens ◽  
Andreas P. Redecker
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Spatial Relationship ◽  
Postal Code ◽  
Annual Income ◽  
Choropleth Maps ◽  
Clustering Approach ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Insight Into

This paper describes a methodological approach that is able to analyse socio-demographic and -economic data in large-scale spatial detail. Based on the two variables, population density and annual income, one investigates the spatial relationship of these variables to identify locations of imbalance or disparities assisted by bivariate choropleth maps. The aim is to gain a deeper insight into spatial components of socioeconomic nexuses, such as the relationships between the two variables, especially for high-resolution spatial units. The used methodology is able to assist political decision-making, target group advertising in the field of geo-marketing and for the site searches of new shop locations, as well as further socioeconomic research and urban planning. The developed methodology was tested in a national case study in Germany and is easily transferrable to other countries with comparable datasets. The analysis was carried out utilising data about population density and average annual income linked to spatially referenced polygons of postal codes. These were disaggregated initially via a readapted three-class dasymetric mapping approach and allocated to large-scale city block polygons. Univariate and bivariate choropleth maps generated from the resulting datasets were then used to identify and compare spatial economic disparities for a study area in North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW), Germany. Subsequently, based on these variables, a multivariate clustering approach was conducted for a demonstration area in Dortmund. In the result, it was obvious that the spatially disaggregated data allow more detailed insight into spatial patterns of socioeconomic attributes than the coarser data related to postal code polygons.

Statistical properties of hybrid composites. I. Recursion analysis

1983 ◽  
Vol 389 (1796) ◽  
pp. 67-100 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Probability Model ◽  
Load Sharing ◽  
Upper Bounds ◽  
Strength Distribution ◽  
Local Load ◽  
Sharing Rule ◽  
Critical Crack ◽  
Breaking Strain ◽  
Hybrid Effect

An adaptation of the chain-of-bundles probability model for unidirectional intraply hybrid composites consisting of two types of fibres is given. Local load sharing, which is sensitive to the different elastic moduli of the fibres, is assumed for the non-failed fibre segments in each bundle. A sequence of tight upper bounds is developed for the probability distribu­tion of strength for the hybrid. The upper bounds are based upon the occurrence of k or more adjacent broken fibre segments in a bundle; this event is necessary but not sufficient for bundle failure. This development allows for a description of a critical crack size k *, dependent upon the load on the hybrid, which is a characterization of the length of a crack that catastrophically propagates causing bundle failure with virtual certainty. The upper bound developed with k *, based upon the hybrid median strength, is essentially identical to the true probability distribution of hybrid strength. It is also shown that the strength distribution for the hybrid composite has a weakest link structure in terms of a charac­teristic distribution function that is highly dependent upon the local load sharing rule, the fibre properties, and the geometrical structure of the hybrid. Numerical results from the model show that typically there is a negative ‘hybrid effect’ for hybrid breaking strain, but there is a positive ‘hybrid effect’ for hybrid tensile strength.

scholarly journals Building in mid-nineteenth Century Halifax

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Buggey
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Scale Construction ◽  
General Relationship ◽  
Building Process ◽  
Master Builder ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Insight Into

An important element in the construction of the nineteenth century cityscape was the "master builder," who in Halifax emerged in the late 1850s and early 1860s, and who significantly changed the role of builders from, primarily, artisans in particular trades to contractors with capacity to meet the needs of large scale construction. They were men who undertook building on a scale sufficient to employ a continuous workforce and who usually carried out all aspects of a contract. One such man was George Lang, a Scottish mason, who in the period 1858 to 1865 contracted for construction of a number of major buildings in growing Halifax. The study of one such "master builder" provides some insight into the study of the cityscape, though much work remains on the inter-relationship of builder, artisan, and architect, as well as the role of legislation, the nature and supply of material, the economics of the building process and the general relationship of buildings to the urban environment.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF SPATIAL AND MASS ON KERATON KASEPUHAN CIREBON

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (04) ◽  
pp. 345-362
Author(s):  
Deby Sinantya Purbodewi ; Rahadian P. Herwindo
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Spatial Development ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract- Keraton Kasepuhan Cirebon is one of the oldest palace that built during the transition era of Hindu Buddhism and Islam. Therefore. Keraton Kasepuhan has many periods of cultural period, where each period of time has its own distinctive culture, especially from special activities and daily activities that can affect the needs that create a spatial pattern. In terms of architecture, the existence of cultural influences resulted in the development of spatial and mass patterns, so that Kasepuhan Palace has elements of the culture in the spatial pattern and mass. According to the results of previous research, the culture is: Hindu-Buddhist, Islam, and also Colonial.  Using linear analytical methods, the data were analyzed by discussing according to the history of spatial development from the influence of each culture. The data were analyzed based on the composition of the HinduBuddhist, Islamic, Chinese, and Colonial spatial layout with the spatial development in the history of the Kasepuhan Palace, which was divided into four ages of leadership namely Ketemenggungan, Kesunanan, Panembahan and Kasultanan, in the focus of large-scale contexts, sacred building contexts, residential buildings.  This study aims to tell the architectural pattern that form Keraton Kasepuhan. The benefits of the completion of this research are to add to the architectural treasury of spatial and mass principles by various cultures in Indonesia, and add insight into the principles of spatial and mass arrangement based on theory and culture.  The conclusion of this research is the development of spatial and mass on Keraton Kasepuhan is most influenced by local culture, Hindu and Javanese Islam, while the outside culture does not much influence especially on spatial and mass Keraton Kasepuhan. In this case also found that the spatial and mass of a building can survive in a long time, while the form elements in the building can whenever changed and can be adopted or inspired from any culture. Spatial and mass is very crucial, it is the key to the relationship of architecture with humans.  Key Words: Acculturation, Spatial and Mass, History, Keraton, Keraton Kasepuhan Cirebon

scholarly journals Rich-club circuitry: function, evolution and vulnerability

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-131 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Interesting Property ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Brain Disorders ◽  
Nervous Systems ◽  
Rich Club ◽  
The Past ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Insight Into

Over the past decades, network neuroscience has played a fundamental role in the understanding of large-scale brain connectivity architecture. Brains, and more generally nervous systems, can be modeled as sets of elements (neurons, assemblies, or cortical chunks) that dynamically interact through a highly structured and adaptive neurocircuitry. An interesting property of neural networks is that elements rich in connections are central to the network organization and tend to interconnect strongly with each other, forming so-called rich clubs. The ubiquity of rich-club organization across different species and scales of investigation suggests that this topology could be a distinctive feature of biological systems with information processing capabilities. This review surveys recent neuroimaging, computational, and cross-species comparative literature to offer an insight into the function and origin of rich-club architecture in nervous systems, discussing its relevance to human cognition and behavior, and vulnerability to brain disorders.

Skeletal elements of crinoid echinoderms: High-resolution structural and microanalytical results

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 194-195
Author(s):  
D. F. Blake ◽  
L. F. Allard ◽  
D. R. Peacor
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Sea Stars ◽  
High Resolution Tem ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Echinodermata is a phylum of marine invertebrates which has been extant since Cambrian time (c.a. 500 m.y. before the present). Modern examples of echinoderms include sea urchins, sea stars, and sea lilies (crinoids). The endoskeletons of echinoderms are composed of plates or ossicles (Fig. 1) which are with few exceptions, porous, single crystals of high-magnesian calcite. Despite their single crystal nature, fracture surfaces do not exhibit the near-perfect {10.4} cleavage characteristic of inorganic calcite. This paradoxical mix of biogenic and inorganic features has prompted much recent work on echinoderm skeletal crystallography. Furthermore, fossil echinoderm hard parts comprise a volumetrically significant portion of some marine limestones sequences. The ultrastructural and microchemical characterization of modern skeletal material should lend insight into: 1). The nature of the biogenic processes involved, for example, the relationship of Mg heterogeneity to morphological and structural features in modern echinoderm material, and 2). The nature of the diagenetic changes undergone by their ancient, fossilized counterparts. In this study, high resolution TEM (HRTEM), high voltage TEM (HVTEM), and STEM microanalysis are used to characterize tha ultrastructural and microchemical composition of skeletal elements of the modern crinoid Neocrinus blakei.

On Metaphysics and the Political: A Polemics of Reading Baudelaire in the 1930s

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-259
Author(s):  
Joseph Acquisto
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
The Political ◽  
Modern Poetry ◽  
Progressive Politics ◽  
The World ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

This essay examines a polemic between two Baudelaire critics of the 1930s, Jean Cassou and Benjamin Fondane, which centered on the relationship of poetry to progressive politics and metaphysics. I argue that a return to Baudelaire's poetry can yield insight into what seems like an impasse in Cassou and Fondane. Baudelaire provides the possibility of realigning metaphysics and politics so that poetry has the potential to become the space in which we can begin to think the two of them together, as opposed to seeing them in unresolvable tension. Or rather, the tension that Baudelaire animates between the two allows us a new way of thinking about the role of esthetics in moments of political crisis. We can in some ways see Baudelaire as responding, avant la lettre, to two of his early twentieth-century readers who correctly perceived his work as the space that breathes a new urgency into the questions of how modern poetry relates to the world from which it springs and in which it intervenes.

Phylogeny of actin and tubulin gene homologs in diverse eukaryotic species

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (01S) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pawan Kumar Jayaswal ◽  
Asheesh Shanker ◽  
Nagendra Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Relationship ◽  
Genomic Data ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Species Trees ◽  
Model Species ◽  
Tubulin Gene ◽  
Tubulin Genes ◽  
Eukaryotic Species ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Insight Into

Actin and tubulin are cytoskeleton proteins, which are important components of the celland are conserved across species. Despite their crucial significance in cell motility and cell division the distribution and phylogeny of actin and tubulin genes across taxa is poorly understood. Here we used publicly available genomic data of 49 model species of plants, animals, fungi and Protista for further understanding the distribution of these genes among diverse eukaryotic species using rice as reference. The highest numbers of rice actin and tubulin gene homologs were present in plants followed by animals, fungi and Protista species, whereas ten actin and nine tubulin genes were conserved in all 49 species. Phylogenetic analysis of 19 actin and 18 tubulin genes clustered them into four major groups each. One each of the actin and tubulin gene clusters was conserved across eukaryotic species. Species trees based on the conserved actin and tubulin genes showed evolutionary relationship of 49 different taxa clustered into plants, animals, fungi and Protista. This study provides a phylogenetic insight into the evolution of actin and tubulin genes in diverse eukaryotic species.

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