Child mortality differentials in Ghana: a preliminary report

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. O. Tawiah
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Child Mortality ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Work Status ◽  
Fertility Survey ◽  
Duration Model ◽  
Reduce Child Mortality ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryThe relationship is examined of child mortality in Ghana with six socioeconomic factors: mother's type of place of residence, education, occupation and work status, and current husband's education and occupation. Using data from the 1979–80 Ghana Fertility Survey, Trussell's marriage duration model was employed to estimate probabilities of dying at exact ages 2 and 5 in different population subgroups. The two education variables (mother's and husband's education) have the largest effect on child mortality, followed by husband's occupation and mother's occupation, in that order. In order to reduce child mortality to tolerable levels, expansion is urgently required of the medical and health services, balanced by an equal development of education, particularly of girls, help being given especially to the rural areas where the majority of the population live.

Parental education and child mortality in Burundi

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josephine O'Toole ◽  
Robert E. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Child Mortality ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Proportional Hazards Models ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryThis paper examines the relationship between parental education and child mortality in Burundi using data collected in the 1987 Demographic and Health Survey. Proportional hazards models are estimated to examine this relationship, while holding constant other known child mortality determinants. Parental education proves to be a key factor in explaining differences in child mortality, the effect of maternal education being particularly strong compared to paternal education.

scholarly journals The Effective Coverage of Maternal and Child Primary Health Care Services and its Relationship with Health Expenditures: An Analysis at Sub-National Level in Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elham Abdalmaleki ◽  
Zhaleh Abdi ◽  
saharnaz sazgarnejad ◽  
bahar haghdoost ◽  
Elham Ahmadnezhad
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
National Level ◽  
Health Expenditures ◽  
Geographic Variations ◽  
Effective Coverage ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Effective Service ◽  
And Child Health

Backgrounds: Measuring the effective coverage of essential health services is necessary for monitoring progress towards Universal Health Coverage (UHC). So, this study aimed to assess the geographic variations in key maternal and child indicators (as essential health services) provided at the primary health care (PHC) level in terms of their crude and effective coverage, and also to investigate the relationship between the effective coverage and health expenditures in the national and sub-national level of Iran. Methods: This study was a secondary analysis, which analyzed the spatial distribution of six key maternal and child health indicators using the latest available data of Demographic Health Survey-DHS (2010) across 31 provinces of Iran. Moreover, two composite indicators, the crude, and the effective coverage were calculated. The median cut-off was used to compare provinces situations. Furthermore, the relationship between coverage indicators and total health expenditure per capita was evaluated. Results: At the national level, the crude and the effective composite coverage were 89.56 and 77.22%, respectively. Also, the medians of composite crude and effective service coverage in the provinces were 90.25 and 77.62%, respectively. There was no significant difference between urban and rural areas. Conclusions: in this study, we found that there is a significant gap between crude and effective service coverage of the selected indicators. Overall, coverage indicators of maternal services were higher compared to those of children. In addition, geographic variations in key Indicators of maternal and child health services coverage among provinces were almost high. Although the services are free of charge in the rural areas, they did not have higher coverage than those of urban areas. PHC services in Iran are far away from reaching the desired coverage and achieving UHC.

scholarly journals Abolishing inequity, a necessity for poverty reduction and the realisation of child mortality targets

2015 ◽  
Vol 100 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. S5-S9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mats Målqvist
Keyword(s):  
Child Mortality ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Child Survival ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Will ◽  
Reduce Child Mortality ◽  
Real Change ◽  
First Millennium ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Child Mortality Reduction

The first Millennium Development Goal (MDG 1) due in 2015 concerns poverty reduction. It has been claimed to be fulfilled on a global level, but still more than 1 billion people are living in abject poverty. There is a strong link between the economy and child survival, and only a minority of countries will have reached the MDG target for child mortality reduction by 2015. This paper discusses the relationship between poverty and child survival. It argues that a focus on equity is necessary to further reduce child mortality, through poverty reduction in absolute terms and also through targeting interventions for increased child survival to disadvantaged populations. The political will to actually achieve real change for those in greatest need is crucial but not to be taken for granted, and the distribution rather than the generation of wealth needs to be made a priority in the post-MDG era.

scholarly journals Simple and robust model to estimate liveweight of Ethiopian Menz sheep

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (12) ◽  
pp. 2265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Wamatu ◽  
Ashraf Alkhtib ◽  
Barbara Rischkowsky
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Extreme Values ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Cox Model ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Robust Model ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Robust Prediction ◽  
The Relationship

Heart girth (HG) bands have been predominantly used in Ethiopia by smallholder farmers, traders and extension workers to estimate liveweight (LW) of livestock. They are produced using recommended and published predictive models from Ethiopia. More recently, some farmers and traders have abandoned the bands due to perceived inaccuracy of LW estimation and reverted to eye-ball estimations. The present study generated a novel algorithm using multiple criteria to develop a robust predictive model for LW estimation of Ethiopian Menz sheep by using HG. Subsequently, recommended models currently in use in Ethiopia were evaluated for accuracy in predicting LW, using data of the present study. Liveweight and HG of 420 Menz sheep were measured. Simple linear model (SLM), Box–Cox (SLM with LW0.75), quadratic and allometric models were used to describe the relationship between LW and HG. Algorithms used to validate the models included data exploration, model construction and model redeployment. Results showed that all models had similar R2 (≈0.82). All models fitted the criteria of residual analysis and robustness against extreme values. However, only Box–Cox was robust against data redeployment, with 95th percentile of prediction error (PE) less than 10%. Accordingly, a Box–Cox model (LW0.75 = –9.71 + 0.289 (HG)) is robust and can be used to accurately predict LW of Menz sheep. The 95th percentile of PE of existing, recommended models was higher than 10; thus, they cannot be recommended to accurately predict LW of Menz sheep. The present study concludes that an approach based on regressing LW on HG, and then selecting models with the highest R2, is inadequate to generate accurate and robust prediction models. This highlights the importance of model redeployment to generate accurate prediction models. Calibrated HG bands are suitable alternatives to weighing scales in rural areas of Ethiopia because they are cheaper and not subject to maintenance. Thus, their accuracy and robustness in estimation of LW is vital for sustainable use.

Marriage Market Mismatches in Japan: An Alternative View of the Relationship between Women's Education and Marriage

2005 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 801-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Raymo ◽  
Miho Iwasawa
Keyword(s):  
Marriage Market ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
Alternative View ◽  
Fertility Survey ◽  
Economic Independence ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Marriage Rates ◽  
Educational Differences ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

In Japan, unlike in most other industrialized societies, the decline in marriage rates has been most pronounced among highly educated women. Theoretical interpretations of this distinctive pattern of change have typically emphasized increasing economic independence for women and reductions in the gains to marriage. In this paper, the authors develop and evaluate an alternative explanation that emphasizes women's continued dependence on men's economic resources and decline in the relative supply of highly educated men. Using data from four rounds of the Japanese National Fertility Survey, the authors decompose the observed decline in marriage rates into changes in the propensity to marry and changes in the educational composition of the marriage market. Results indicate that change in the availability of potential spouses accounts for one-fourth of the decline in marriage among university-educated women and explains a substantial proportion of the growing educational differences in marriage. The conclusion is that the relatively large decline in marriage among highly educated Japanese women likely reflects both increasing economic independence and continued economic dependence on men.

Infant and child mortality in Bangladesh

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruhul Amin
Keyword(s):  
Child Mortality ◽  
Fetal Loss ◽  
Fertility Survey ◽  
Logit Analysis ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Prevalence Survey ◽  
Sociodemographic Variables ◽  
Infant And Child Mortality ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Independent Effects

SummarySocioeconomic differences and trends in infant and child mortality in Bangladesh are examined using data from the 1975 World Fertility Survey and 1979 Contraceptive Prevalence Survey. There is evidence of some recent decline in infant and child mortality. Logit analysis of infant and child mortality indicates that sociodemographic variables such as mother's education, recent period, or higher birth orders, had significant independent effects upon the reduction of infant and child mortality. Other variables such as fetal loss, father's education, or land ownership had no consistent significant effect of upon infant and child mortality. On the other hand, the effect of urban residence on infant and child mortality was positive after the control of the sociodemographic variables. Mere concentration on the supply of modern medical services may bring limited returns unless they are reinforced by appropriate social changes, in particular those affecting the socioeconomic status of women.

Infant and child mortality levels and trends in Bangladesh

1995 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kabir ◽  
Rafiquel Islam Chowdhury ◽  
Ruhul Amin
Keyword(s):  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Child Mortality ◽  
Child Health Services ◽  
Fertility Survey ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
Infant And Child Mortality ◽  
Table Analysis ◽  
Using Data ◽  
And Child Health

SummaryInfant and child mortality levels and trends in Bangladesh are examined using data from the 1989 Bangladesh Fertility Survey. Both infant and child mortality declined from the mid 1970s but infant mortality declined more quickly. The level of infant mortality in 1989 was around 100 per 1000 live births while child mortality (5q) was 200 per 1000 live births. Life table analysis confirms the change in infant and child mortality.The decline in infant mortality is attributed to the introduction of improved public health measures and access to maternal and child health services.

Social Capital in Rural Areas of Vietnam and Its Impact on Households’ Life Satisfaction

2015 ◽  
pp. 60-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anh Nguyen Thi Tuong ◽  
Anh Tran Quynh
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
General Trust ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Using data of the Vietnam Access to Resources Household Survey 2014, with the participation of 3,648 households in rural areas of 12 provinces in Vietnam and two models: OLS regression and ordered logit, this paper studied the determinants of social capital in the rural area of Vietnam. Moreover, the paper also analyzed the impact of social capital on life satisfaction and risk coping strategies. Results of regression models confirmed that social capital is the essential ingredient for the life satisfaction of the community and at the same time, social capital also has notable impacts on households’ post-risk recovery. In the relationship with the life satisfaction, all the variables representing social capital, except for general trust, positively affected the growth of life satisfaction of households, aside from physical factors such as income. Therefore, social capital, along with economic growth, was the biggest factor that can help households increase their life satisfaction.

Union instability and fertility in three Caribbean societies

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
Robert E. Wright ◽  
Ashok K. Madan
Keyword(s):  
Biological Effects ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Fertility Survey ◽  
Cumulative Fertility ◽  
First Union ◽  
Fertility Effect ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Union Instability ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryThis paper examines empirically the relationship between sexual union instability and fertility in three English-speaking Caribbean societies, Guyana, Jamaica and Trinidad/Tobago, using data collected in the World Fertility Survey Programme. An index of cumulative fertility, the duration ratio, that controls for the biological effects of age and age at first union is used as the dependent variable in a multiple regression analysis. The statistical findings are in general agreement with previous research that has found a positive association between fertility and the number of sexual unions in these societies. However, the estimated fertility effect of belonging to different union types (i.e. married, common-law and visiting) is not uniform across the three societies.

scholarly journals Evaluating the effectiveness of concurrent opioid agonist treatment and physician-based mental health services for patients with mental disorders in Ontario, Canada

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0243317
Author(s):  
Kristen A. Morin ◽  
Joseph K. Eibl ◽  
Joseph M. Caswell ◽  
Brian Rush ◽  
Christopher Mushquash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Services ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Opioid Agonist ◽  
Opioid Agonist Treatment ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between concurrent physician-based mental health services, all-cause mortality, and acute health service use for individuals enrolled in Opioid Agonist Treatment in Ontario, Canada. Methods A cohort study of patients enrolled in opioid agonist treatment in Ontario was conducted between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2015, in Ontario with an inverse probability of treatment weights using the propensity score to estimate the effect of physician-based mental health services. Treatment groups were created based on opioid agonist treatment patients’ utilization of physician-based mental health services. Propensity score weighted odds ratios were calculated to assess the relationship between the treatment groups and the outcomes of interest. The outcomes included all-cause mortality using data from the Registered Persons Database, Emergency Department visits from the National Ambulatory Care Database, and hospitalizations using data from the Discharge Abstract Database. Encrypted patient identifiers were used to link across databases. Results A total of 48,679 individuals in OAT with mental disorders. Opioid agonist treatment alone was associated with reduced odds of all-cause mortality (odds ratio (OR) 0.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.3–0.4). Patients who received mental health services from a psychiatrist and primary care physician while engaged in OAT, the estimated rate of ED visits per year was higher (OR = 1.3, 95% CI 1.2–1.4) and the rate of hospitalizations (OR = 0.5, 95% CI 0.4–0.6) than in the control group. Conclusion Our findings support the view that opioid agonist treatment and concurrent mental health services can improve clinical outcomes for complex patients, and is associated with enhanced use of acute care services.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document