Contraceptive prevalence and continuation: a longitudinal analysis of traditional and other method users in the Philippines

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (S11) ◽  
pp. 75-93
Author(s):  
J. Brad Schwartz ◽  
Wilhelm Flieger
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Contraceptive Method ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Socioeconomic Characteristics ◽  
Contraceptive Prevalence ◽  
Continuation Rates

SummaryContraceptive prevalence rates and estimates of continuation rates are derived from unique longitudinal data on post-partum behaviour collected in the Cebu region of the Philippines. Continuation rates vary by base-line and time-varying socioeconomic characteristics for certain contraceptive methods and for using no contraception. Calendar rhythm users have a much lower relative continuation rate than has been found in cross-sectional samples. For women who use a contraceptive method, breast-feeding does not appear to influence contraceptive continuation, but for those who use no methods, breast-feeding appears to substitute for other forms of contraception. Profiles by socioeconomic characteristics of those who continue to use each type of contraceptive method and who use no method could be used to direct family planning programmes towards population sub-groups. The results suggest that for women wishing to postpone a pregnancy, a family planning programme aimed at the young and less educated could effectively increase contraceptive use and continuation.

Prolactin and the return of ovulation in breast-feeding women

1985 ◽  
Vol 17 (S9) ◽  
pp. 25-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara A. Gross ◽  
Creswell J. Eastman
Keyword(s):  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Serum Prolactin ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gonadotrophin Secretion ◽  
Direct Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Australian Sample

SummaryCross-sectional studies in Australia and the Philippines and a longitudinal prospective study in a selected Australian sample of breast-feeding mothers have shown that basal serum prolactin (PRL) concentrations are elevated during 15–21 months of lactational amenorrhoea.A predictive model of serum PRL levels and return of cyclic ovarian activity during full breast-feeding, partial breast-feeding and weaning has been developed from the results of breast-feeding behaviour and serum PRL, gonadotrophin and oestradiol measurements in 34 mothers breast-feeding on demand for a mean of 67 weeks.Breast-feeding patterns influence serum PRL levels. Important factors during full breast-feeding are the age of the baby, the longest interval between feeds at night and total 24-hr suckling time, and following the introduction of supplements, the mean interval between feeds, together with the total 24-hr suckling time and the number of solid supplements per day.The precise mechanisms whereby breast-feeding regulates cyclic ovarian activity remain unknown. Gonadotrophin secretion appears to be quantitatively normal, but qualitative changes, secondary to altered hypothalamic activity, may be the most important factor. A direct inhibitory effect of PRL on ovarian follicular development and steroidogenesis remains possible.Ovulation with a normal luteal phase is probable for 30% of breast-feeding mothers before the first menses, but is unlikely before 6 months, provided breast-feeding is frequent day and night.Measurement of serum PRL is a sensitive index of the return of menstruation and fertility during lactation in the population studied.

Knowledge, attitude and practices regarding implants among women of childbearing age

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Irshad Begum Shaikh ◽  
Syed Imtiaz Ahmed Jafry ◽  
Syed Muhammad Zulfiqar Hyder Naqvi ◽  
Syeda Nadia Firdous ◽  
Admin
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Contraceptive Method ◽  
Women Of Childbearing Age ◽  
Reproductive Health Services ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Child Bearing

Abstract A cross-sectional survey was conducted from February 2016 to September 2016 to assess knowledge, attitude and practices regarding implants among women of childbearing age visiting Reproductive Health Services Center, Civil Hospital,Karachi. A total of 396 adult non-pregnant married females of child bearing age, from 18 to 49 years old, were interviewed using a structured questionnaire.Only153 (38.6%) of therespondentshad knowledge about implants whereas out of them 122 (79.7%) acquired it from family planning clinics. Almost two third of them (n=267, 67.4%) were in favor of using implants as a contraceptive method. Moreover, 244 (61.6%) of them were of the opinion that if given the choice, they will use implanon though out of total 316 (79.8%) respondents who ever used contraceptives, only 3 (0.9%) used implants.Despiteafavorable attitude, limited knowledge and poor practices of the respondents highlighted the study findings. Keywords: Knowledge, Attitude, Contraception, Progestins, Continuous...

scholarly journals Knowledge and Practice of Contraceptive Among Lactating Mothers Attending at Radda Maternal and Child Health and Family Planning Centre at Mirpur, Dhaka

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
Mohammad Taslim Uddin ◽  
Shaibal Barua
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Maternal And Child Health ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Contraceptive Methods ◽  
Lactating Mothers ◽  
Child Spacing ◽  
Knowledge And Practice ◽  
And Child Health

Background: As a natural child-spacing method breast feeding is very effective during the early post partum period. In Bangladesh it is believed that conception occurs very rarely during post partum and lactation period. Mothers nurse their children for long period, believing this is an easy, practical and natural method to delay or prevent a subsequent pregnancy. Since child-spacing effect of breast feeding gradually diminishes over time depending on personal and social circumstances breast feeding women during lactation need contraceptive methods which must be effective and safe and must not affect lactation. Methods: A descriptive type of cross sectional study was carried out, from July 2012 to December 2012, among 110 lactating mothers at RADDA Maternal and Child Health (MCH) and Family planning Centre, Mirpur, Dhaka with the objective of assessing their knowledge and practice on contraceptive methods. Results: Out of 110 respondents, 92 respondents having 1-2 children (83.64%) 79.35% were practicing contraception and 20.5% were not practicing any method and rest of 18 respondents having >2 children (16.36%), 77.78% were practicing contraception and 22.22% were not practicing contraception. Of the 91 respondents having children 1-2, 75.4% had average and above average knowledge and the rest 8.1% had below average knowledge on contraceptive methods. Of the 19 respondents having >2 children, 16.3% had average and above average knowledge and the rest (0.2%) had below average knowledge on contraceptive methods. The difference between the two groups in respect of practice and knowledge of contraception were found statistically insignificant. Conclusion: The study shows significant relation between the knowledge and practice of contraceptive with number of the children. There is significant difference between the knowledge among primary and secondary educated mothers and the practice of contraception varied with their education levels. All the respondents had knowledge about contraceptive methods but 20.9% were not practicing any methods due to various reasons. Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.17 (2); Jul 2018; Page 40-46

Resumption of menstruation among urban post-partum women in Bangladesh

1979 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid Swenson
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Cross

SummaryHalf the women in this study had resumed menses by the 6th month post-partum. Concurrent with these findings, less than 50% were still breast-feeding at the 6th month post-partum. The majority of these breast-feeding women were partially breast-feeding. By the 6th post-partum month more than 90% of the women had resumed intercourse and slightly less than half were using contraceptives. Nevertheless, the cross-sectional data indicate that only 25% of the women were using contraceptives at 12 months post-partum. These results show a much shorter period of lactational amenorrhoea than has been reported for a rural area of Bangladesh.

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitude and practice study on immediate postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device method of family planning

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 2981
Author(s):  
Nidhi Gupta ◽  
Renuka Sinha ◽  
Abha Mangal
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Planning Method ◽  
Family Planning Method ◽  
Intrauterine Contraceptive Device ◽  
Contraceptive Device ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Attitude And Practice ◽  
Intrauterine Contraceptive ◽  
Knowledge Attitude And Practice

Background: The objectives of the study were to assess knowledge, attitude and practice in post-partum intrauterine contraceptive device method of family planning and to know about willingness for post-partum intrauterine contraceptive device (PPIUCD) when knowledge is provided for the same.Methods: This is a cross sectional observational study including 1200 patients of immediate post-partum period (<48 hrs of delivery), delivered at Safdarjung hospital. Women were evaluated with the help of a pre-designed and pre-tested questionnaire.Results: Out of 1200 women 864 (72%) were aware of some family planning method but only 672 (56%) had used some family planning method in the past. 108 (9%) women had knowledge regarding Post-partum intrauterine contraceptive device (PPIUCD). Among these, 72 (6%) women opted for PPIUCD. After knowledge regarding PPIUCD had been given, 80 more women adopted this as a method of contraception. So total 152 (12.67%) opted PPIUCD.Conclusions: This study highlights that awareness and knowledge does not always lead to use of contraceptives. A lot of educational and motivational activities are needed.

scholarly journals Determine the unmet need for family planning in a hilly area in a state of North India

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 2234
Author(s):  
Nidhi Chauhan ◽  
Saurabh Rattan
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
North India ◽  
Modern Contraceptive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Contraceptive Prevalence Rate ◽  
Contraceptive Prevalence

Background: The utilization of family planning services has improved over the decade, but still the SDG’s health target to ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health care services is yet to be achieved, unmet need being one of the  imperative component.Methods: A cross-sectional study was undertaken in the rural field practice area of Department of Community Medicine, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India, from July 2018 to June 2019. Total sample size calculated was 316. Random sampling was used to select eligible couple to whom a predesigned, pretested, semi-structured and anonymous interview schedule was administered after taking consent.Results: The mean age of the participants was 30.2±6.1 years. The modern contraceptive prevalence rate (mCPR) was found to be 67.7% among women of reproductive age group (15-49 years). Male condom (36%), followed by female sterilisation (30%) were the most common methods preferred. Unmet need of family planning was found to be 10.4%.Conclusions: Besides male condoms and female sterilisation, other methods of contraception were adopted by meagre number of women. Though, the unmet need for family planning was lesser in this study, still, efforts are needed to plunge it, for ameliorating the contraceptive prevalence rate. Also, the availability of basket of contraceptive choices in government sector need sheer assiduity.

scholarly journals Contraceptive utilization and associated factors among women in the extended post-partum period in wukro town, Tigray, Ethiopia: a community based cross sectional study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natnael Etsay Assefa ◽  
Yodit Zewdie Berhe ◽  
Weldu Mammo Werid ◽  
Meresa Berewo Mengesha ◽  
Kidanemariam Berhe Tekola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Birth Interval ◽  
Postpartum Period ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Contraceptive Utilization ◽  
Post Partum Period

Abstract Background: The extended post-partum period is the twelve months after delivery, which is a very critical time for mothers to ensure a safe birth interval. Many women do not realize that they are at risk of pregnancy during the postpartum period and the importance of birth interval. Birth interval more than two years reduces maternal and child mortality and give a better health for the mother and the child. Because of this assessing post-partum contraceptive utilization and the determining factors is crucial. Hence, the study was conducted to determine contraceptive utilization and identify factors which affect post -partum contraceptive utilization Methods: A community based cross sectional study was implemented among 422 women who gave birth one year prior to the study period in wukro town. The total sample size was allocated to the three kebeles proportionally. Systematic random sampling technique was used to select study subjects. Data were collected by interviewer administered structured questionnaire. The data were coded and entered using EpiData version 3.1 and transported to Statistical Package for Social Science version 20 for analysis. Binary and multivariable logistic regressions were fitted. Odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was used to measure strength of association. Results: A total of 422 women were enrolled in this study. Nearly half (48.6%) of the women were using contraceptive. Multivariable logistic regression showed that prenatal counseling [AOR 3.06(95% CI; 1.30, 7.22)], menses returned [AOR 3.99(95% CI; 1.96, 8.11)] and resuming sexual activity [AOR 5.96(95% CI; 2.67, 13.3)] were positively associated with utilization of postpartum contraceptive. Conclusions: Postpartum contraceptive use was low. Strengthening prenatal family planning counseling and improving women’s awareness about the return of their fertility after childbirth are suggested to improve family planning utilization in extended postpartum period.

scholarly journals Trends in contraceptive prevalence rates in sub-Saharan Africa since the 2012 London Summit on Family Planning: results from repeated cross-sectional surveys

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. e904-e911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saifuddin Ahmed ◽  
Yoonjoung Choi ◽  
Jose G Rimon ◽  
Souleymane Alzouma ◽  
Peter Gichangi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Contraceptive Prevalence ◽  
Sub Saharan

Change in Post Partum Family Planning Behaviour Observed in Pakistani Men and Women in a Squatter Settlement in Karachi: A Pre-Post Observational Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima Jehangir
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
P Value ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Squatter Settlement ◽  
The Difference

Background: Unfortunately, in Pakistan, there are many myths associated with family planning practices hence general reluctant perception of couples is observed especially just after childbirth. In fact, post partum is the most vulnerable period to discuss contraception. In our study, we aimed to see the change in post partum contraceptive behaviours after thorough counselling to individuals in a squatter settlement in Karachi, Pakistan. Methods: This is a pre-post observational study done from September 1st 2018 until November 15th 2018 in a squatter settlement in Sikanderabad Karachi. A total of 1023 subjects, both males and females of reproductive age group were recruited in the study. The base line knowledge was assessed by using pre-prepared extensive questionnaire adapted from Best Paper Practice (BPP) PPFP (Post Partum Family Planning) Royal College of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (RCOG) about contraceptive behaviours, after taking informed consent and providing privacy. After filling the pre-test forms, an awareness talk describing the advantages and disadvantages of all methods of contraception currently available in Pakistan, was discussed in detail. Data was analyzed using SPSS 20 filled a post-test questionnaire consisting of the same questions. Mc-Nemar’s test was used to see the difference in the pre and post questionnaire. p-value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: Knowledge of use, side effects and efficacy of all the contraceptive methods was enhanced considerably post session showing statistically significant results (p-value <0.00). Conclusion: It is clearly seen that giving contraceptive education helped couples to choose the appropriate contraceptive method to give birth spacing.

Breast-feeding patterns, maternal milk output and lactational infecundity

1992 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter G. Lunn
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Planning Method ◽  
Family Planning Method ◽  
Feeding Patterns ◽  
Maternal Milk ◽  
Milk Output

Whilst it is generally accepted that breast-feeding lowers the likelihood of conception, this relationship is not straightforward and there appears to be a wide variation in the effectiveness of the association between individual mother-infant pairs. Up to about 6 months post-partum breast-feeding probably can be used as a family planning method, with up to 98% effectiveness if behavioural guidelines are adhered to (Consensus, 1988). But beyond this time significant variations appear between different countries, and even different communities within countries, which make any overall recommendation impossible. To understand the reasons for variation in the duration of lactational infecundity it is necessary to understand the mechanisms involved, but knowledge of these processes is still far from complete. There are, nevertheless, enough data to indicate that suckling and maternal milk output are intimately linked with the return of fecundity.

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