scholarly journals PREVENTION AND TREATMENT PRACTICES AND IMPLICATIONS FOR MALARIA CONTROL IN MUKONO DISTRICT UGANDA

2008 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. MBONYE ◽  
I. C. BYGBJERG ◽  
P. MAGNUSSEN
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Control ◽  
Indoor Residual Spraying ◽  
Scaling Up ◽  
Malaria Treatment ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
Policy Debate ◽  
Insecticide Treated Nets ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mukono District

SummaryAvailable data in Uganda indicate a resurgence of malaria morbidity and mortality countrywide. This study assessed the burden of malaria, treatment and prevention practices in order initiate a policy debate on the scaling-up of current interventions. A triangulation of methods using a cross-sectional survey and key informant interviews was used to assess self-reported malaria at a household level in Mukono District, Uganda. A total of 5583 households were surveyed, and a high proportion (2897, 51·9%) reported a person with malaria two weeks prior to the survey. Only 546 households (9·8%) owned and used insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) for malaria prevention. Similarly, only a few households (86, 1·5%) used indoor residual spraying. Self-treatment with home-stocked drugs was high, yet there was low awareness of the effectiveness of expired drugs on malaria treatment. Self-reported malaria was associated with socioeconomic, behavioural and environmental factors, but more especially with household ownership of ITNs. These results will contribute to the current debate on identifying new approaches for scaling-up prevention interventions and effective case management, as well as selection of priority interventions for malaria control in Uganda.

scholarly journals Impact of Intervention Practices on Malaria Treatment Outcomes Among Patients in Bushenyi District, Uganda

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josephat Nyabayo Maniga ◽  
David Kalenzi Atuhaire ◽  
Claire Mack Mugasa
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Indoor Residual Spraying ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Malaria Treatment ◽  
Insecticide Treated Nets ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
One Year ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
The Impact

Abstract BackgroundMalaria remains a major vector borne disease causing both mortalities and morbidities in the world. Uganda as a country has currently scaled out major campaigns to reduce and eliminate the disease using different interventions. However, there is no clear data on the impact of such interventions on malaria treatment outcomes. Therefore, this study was aimed at assessing the impact of malaria intervention practices on Artemether- Lumefantrine (AL) treatment outcomes among the residents of Bushenyi district, Uganda, a high intensity malaria transmission area.MethodsThis was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out among 184 study participants for a period of one year (August 2017 to August 2018) in four selected health centers in Bushenyi district, Uganda. The investigative methods used included a researcher administered questionnaire, laboratory and clinical evaluations of participants. Data analysis was done by using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS version 10 windows) for descriptive statistics. ResultsStatistically significant factors for treatment outcome at p ≤0.05 were; practicing indoor residual spraying (IRS) at home (𝑃 = 0.001; CI), source of prescription (𝑃 = 0.018; CI), finishing dosage (𝑃 = 0.006; CI), frequency of malaria infection (𝑃 = 0.028; CI), Frequency of antimalaria usage (𝑃 = 0.042; CI) and sleeping under insecticide treated nets (ITNs) (𝑃 = 0.039; CI) respectively. ConclusionsIRS and ITNs were found to be the major intervention practice of malaria reduction after treatment with ACTs.

scholarly journals Malaria prevention and treatment awareness and practice among patent medicine vendors (PMVs) in Gombe Metropolis, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 113-121
Author(s):  
Mela Danjin ◽  
Henry O Sawyerr ◽  
Doka JS Pauline ◽  
Haruna M Moda
Keyword(s):  
Severe Malaria ◽  
Malaria Control ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Malaria Treatment ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Treatment Policy ◽  
Patent Medicine

The ravaging consequences of Malaria in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) have been a subject of serious concern to every stakeholder. Literature and anecdotal evidence shows that around 60% of Nigerians seek fever treatment from Patent Medicine Vendors (PMVs) despite the limited formal dispensing knowledge most possess. This study attempts to establish a base line of knowledge, attitude and practices of Malaria control among PMVs in Gombe Metropolis, North Eastern Nigeria. The study was a descriptive cross sectional survey based on structured questionnaires used to collect relevant information from 109 PMVs selected by purposive sampling technique. The result show that 85.3% of the participants in this study correctly identified fever or high body temperature as the common sign of uncomplicated (UC) Malaria, while 70.6% recognized convulsion as one of the main symptoms of severe Malaria. Furthermore, 86.2% of the PMVs also knew that sleeping inside treated nets constitute one of the best ways to prevent Malaria. In the same vein, awareness of change in Malaria treatment policy from monotherapy to Artemisinin based combination therapy (ACT) was high (73.3%) among them. However, those PMVs that had ever undergone some degree of drug dispensing training exhibited a significantly higher level of awareness of change in malaria treatment policy (X2 =17.903, P = 0.000). Although 85.3% of PMVs frequently recommend Arthemeter Lumefantrine (AL) as treatment of uncomplicated Malaria, only 39.4% of the participants would refer severe malaria cases. Even though most Malaria control awareness and practice variables were found to be fairly good among the participants, it is clear from the study that there is the need for enhanced training, monitoring and supervision by the relevant authorities so as to fully harness the vast potential in PMVs.

scholarly journals Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices about Malaria and Its Control in Rural Northwest Tanzania

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Humphrey D. Mazigo ◽  
Emmanuel Obasy ◽  
Wilhellmus Mauka ◽  
Paulina Manyiri ◽  
Maria Zinga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indoor Residual Spraying ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Bed Nets ◽  
Bed Net ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Household Heads ◽  
Knowledge Attitudes And Practices

Background. We assessed community knowledge, attitudes, and practices on malaria as well as acceptability to indoor residual spraying. Material and Methods. A cross-sectional survey was done in a community in Geita district (northwest Tanzania). Household heads (n=366) were interviewed Results. Knowledge on malaria transmission, prevention, and treatment was reasonable; 56% of respondents associated the disease with mosquito bites, with a significant difference between education level and knowledge on transmission (P<.001). Knowledge of mosquito breeding areas was also associated with education (illiterate: 22%; literate: 59% (P<.001). Bed nets were used by 236 (64.5%), and usage was significantly associated with education level (P<.01). The level of bed net ownership was 77.3%. Most respondents (86.3%) agreed with indoor residual spraying of insecticides. Health facilities were the first option for malaria treatment by 47.3%. Artemether-lumefantrine was the most common antimalarial therapy used. Conclusions. Despite reasonable knowledge on malaria and its preventive measures, there is a need to improve availability of information through proper community channels. Special attention should be given to illiterate community members. High acceptance of indoor residual spraying and high level of bed net ownership should be taken as an advantage to improve malaria control.

scholarly journals Knowledge and practices towards malaria amongst residents of Bushbuckridge, Mpumalanga, South Africa

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khumbulani W. Hlongwana ◽  
Alpheus Zitha ◽  
Aaron M. Mabuza ◽  
Rajendra Maharaj
Keyword(s):  
Health Facility ◽  
Indoor Residual Spraying ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Treatment Seeking ◽  
Malaria Control Programme ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Household Heads

Background: Malaria remains one of the greatest public health challenges worldwide and it is amongst the top killers in sub-Saharan Africa. There is however, a general scepticism about the accuracy of Health Management Information Systems (HMIS) in recording all the episodes of malaria in Africa. Given the importance of community knowledge of malaria, its signs and symptoms, as well as prompt treatment-seeking behaviour, the study assessing adult residents’ knowledge and practices in Bushbuckridge provided much needed insights into the Malaria Control Programme (MCP). Objectives: The objectives of this study were to determine the adult residents’ knowledge and practices towards malaria in Bushbuckridge, Mpumalanga Province, South Africa.Method: The study was undertaken as a descriptive cross-sectional survey in Bushbuckridge in August 2008. Six hundred and two (602) household heads or their proxies from the randomly selected households in 20 localities were interviewed (one household member per household), using a structured field-piloted questionnaire.Results: Approximately 93% of the respondents had heard about malaria, 84.6% of whom correctly associated it with mosquito bites. The health facility (29.1%) and radio (19.8%) were the main sources of malaria information. Knowledge of signs and symptoms was low, whilst treatment-seeking intention at the health facility was high (99%) with 82% of which would be carried out promptly. Survey data showed an indoor residual spraying (IRS) coverage of approximately 70% and a good understanding of the reasons for spraying. Walls were replastered infrequently and no evidence was established linking it to the removal of insecticide marks on the wall.Conclusion: The study revealed not only that householders possessed an adequate knowledge of malaria, but also that they had positive malaria treatment-seeking intentions. Their knowledge of malaria signs and symptoms was inadequate and required attention. Whilst IRS coverage needed some improvements, the reasons for IRS were well known.

scholarly journals Adherence to vector preventive measures decrease cases of acute Dengue among Abuja residents, Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Idris Abdullahi Nasir ◽  
Adamu Babayo ◽  
Muhammad Sagir Shehu ◽  
Peter Omale Musa
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Indoor Residual Spraying ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Statistical Association ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Preventive Practices

<em>Background</em>: Nigeria is one of the dengue hyper-endemic nations. This study investigated the level of knowledge about dengue and vector preventive practices and their impacts on acute dengue among febrile patients at Abuja, Nigeria. <br /><em>Materials and methods</em>: This cross-sectional survey was conducted on febrile patients attending University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria. Blood samples were individually collected from 171 febrile patients residing at Gwagwalada suburb. Interviewer administered questionnaires were used to assess subjects’ knowledge about preventive measures against vector breeding and bites. Blood samples were tested for dengue virus Nonstructural glycoprotein-1antigen using enzyme linked Immunosorbent assay (ELISA). <br /><em>Results</em>: Fifteen out of 171 febrile persons (8.8%) were Dengue NS1 positive. Sixty percent of the subjects do not know about dengue, while 33% knew about dengue virus infection through television/ radio programs, 5% through healthcare professionals and 2% from friends/families. Those who persistently use indoor residual spraying and long sleeves/trousers during daytime had less cases of DENV NS1 than those who do not. There was statistical association between DENV NS1 and residence in proximity to waste dumpsites (P&lt;0.0001) and frequent use of long sleeve clothing and trousers (P=0.005). However, there was no statistical association between DENV NS1 antigenemia and persistent use of indoor residual spraying and presence of in-door water containers (P&gt;0.05). <br /><em>Conclusions</em>: Findings from this study imply that proper education and adherence to preventive measures minimize people from being susceptible to Dengue virus infections.

scholarly journals Ongoing long-lasting insecticide-treated net distribution efforts are insufficient to maintain high rates of use among children in rural Uganda

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Cote ◽  
Varun Goel ◽  
Rabbison Muhindo ◽  
Emmanuel Baguma ◽  
Moses Ntaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Center ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Universal Coverage ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Insecticide Treated Nets ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Previous Night ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Llin Use ◽  
Western Uganda

Background: Long-lasting insecticide treated nets (LLINs) remain a cornerstone of malaria control, but optimal distribution strategies to sustain universal coverage are not well defined Methods: We conducted a cross sectional survey of 2,190 households in the highlands of western Uganda to examine LLIN source and use among children age with elevation and distance to clinic being the primary variables of interest. Results: We found that only 64.7% (95% CI 64.0 to 65.5%) of children were reported to have slept under a LLIN the previous night. Compared to those living <1 km from a health center, households at ≥ 2 km were less likely to report the child sleeping under a LLIN (RR 0.86, 95% CI: 0.83 to 0.89, p<.001). Households located farther from a health center received a higher proportion of nets from government distributions compared to households living closer to health centers. Conclusions: Continuous, clinic based distribution efforts were insufficient to sustain high rates of LLIN use among children between mass distribution campaigns. More frequent campaigns and complementary approaches are required to achieve and maintain universal LLIN coverage in rural areas.

scholarly journals Sporadic utilization of ITN among households with under-five HIV positive children

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Ayah Ounah ◽  
Jane Mumma ◽  
Constantine Loum ◽  
Susan Amuti ◽  
Jared Ogolla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Civic Education ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Insecticide Treated Nets ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Itn Use

Abstract Children under-five are most vulnerable and bear the adverse effects of Malaria worldwide. In Kenya, 20% of all deaths in children are due to malaria, and 88.9% of all deaths among HIV positive children are malaria related. Correct and consistence ITN utilization is proven to protect against anopheles mosquito bites hence Malaria, however, despite free distribution of ITN to the study population and civic education on proper ITN use, the prevalence of Malaria is still high in this cohort. Therefore, there was an indelible need to establish the levels of household ITN ownership and utilization vis-à-vis demographic characteristics of participants and Malaria attacks among households with HIV positive children in Kimilili. Method: This was a community based study conducted between March and August, 2016 through a cross-sectional survey. The under-five children were recruited randomly at the comprehensive care centre in Kimilili Sub-County Referral Hospital and studied at their households; they were consented through their parents/caretakers. Data on demographic variables, ITN usage and Malaria attacks were collected using questionnaires and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Scientists, percentages and chi square. Results: The ownership of ITN among the 222 study participants was 98%. The study established that there was poor (88.7%) household utilization of Insecticide Treated Nets. we further established that among poor ITN users, malaria attacks were high – 65.3%. Conclusion: Utilization of ITN at household level was poor; to the extent that it could not contribute to reduction of malaria associated morbidity and mortality. Efforts should be targeted at households to ensure correct utilization of ITN

scholarly journals A Decline and Age Shift in Malaria Incidence in Rural Mali following Implementation of Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention and Indoor Residual Spraying

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (4) ◽  
pp. 1342-1347
Author(s):  
Drissa Coulibaly ◽  
Boureima Guindo ◽  
Amadou Niangaly ◽  
Fayçal Maiga ◽  
Salimata Konate ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate Ratio ◽  
Malaria Incidence ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Indoor Residual Spraying ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Insecticide Treated Nets ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention ◽  
Age Shift

ABSTRACTMany African countries have reported declines in malaria incidence, attributed to the implementation of control strategies. In Mali, artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) was introduced in 2004, and long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs) have been partially distributed free of charge since 2007. In the Malian town of Bandiagara, a study conducted from 2009 to 2013 showed a stable incidence of malaria compared with 1999, despite the implementation of ACTs and LLINs. Since 2016, seasonal malaria chemoprevention has been scaled up across the country. In addition to these strategies, the population of Bandiagara benefited from indoor residual spray implementation in 2017 and 2018 and continued universal bed net coverage. This study aimed to measure the incidence of malaria in Bandiagara, given this recent scaling up of control strategies. A cohort of 300 children aged 6 months to 15 years was followed up from October 2017 to December 2018. We performed monthly cross-sectional surveys to measure anemia and the prevalence of malaria infection by microscopy. The overall incidence of symptomatic malaria was 0.5 episodes/person-year. Malaria incidence in children up to 5 years old significantly declined since 2012 and since 1999 (incidence rate ratio estimates: 6.7 [95% CI: 4.2–11.4] and 13.5 [95% CI: 8.4–22.7]), respectively. The average prevalence of malaria parasitemia was 6.7%. Malaria incidence was higher in children older than 5 years than in those younger than 5 years, highlighting the need to extend malaria control efforts to these older children.

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