FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH HIGH-RISK BEHAVIOUR AMONG MIGRANTS IN THE STATE OF MAHARASHTRA, INDIA

2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 627-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
NEETA RAO ◽  
L. JEYASEELAN ◽  
ANNA JOY ◽  
V. SAMPATH KUMAR ◽  
M. THENMOZHI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Workers ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Risk Behaviour ◽  
Work Conditions ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Unprotected Sex ◽  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sexual History ◽  
Factors Associated

SummaryStudies among migrants show that they are more susceptible to HIV infection than the general population and thereby spread the epidemic from high prevalence to low prevalence areas. It is therefore critical to enhance the body of knowledge on factors associated with condom use among migrants. This study, conducted in 2009 in the State of Maharashtra, covers 4595 single in-migrants aged 15–49 years and aims at understanding the factors associated with non-use of condoms consistently. Information was collected using a Structured Interview Schedule covering demographic, socioeconomic profile, sexual history, knowledge, behaviour and stigma and discrimination indicators. Logistic regression analysis was used to understand the association between unprotected sex and various socio-demographic and environmental factors. The models were run using the Enter method. The goodness-of-fit of the model was assessed using Hosmer and Lemeshow chi-squared statistics. A significant association is observed between sex with sex workers and older migrants (>24 years), the literate, those who are mobile, unmarried, employed in the textile, quarry and construction industries, who often consume alcohol and who watch pornographic films. The factors associated with unprotected sex are age between 30 and 34 years and no literacy. Migrants who are mobile and consume alcohol show a significant association with unprotected sex. The findings suggest a need for a comprehensive HIV prevention programme including strategies to address the stressful work conditions. The prevention programmes should focus not only on skills for safer sex practices, but also on alcohol use reduction.

scholarly journals Prevalence and factors associated with nutritional deviations in women in the pre-pregnancy phase in two municipalities of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Marano ◽  
Silvana Granado Nogueira da Gama ◽  
Rosa Maria Soares Madeira Domingues ◽  
Paulo Roberto Borges de Souza Junior
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nutritional Risk ◽  
Institute Of Medicine ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated

OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence and potential factors associated with pre-pregnancy nutritional status of women. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study carried out between December 2007 and November 2008 with 1,535 women in the first trimester of pregnancy and randomly selected in health units of the Brazilian public health system (SUS) in the municipalities of Queimados and Petrópolis in the State of Rio de Janeiro. The diagnosis of nutritional deviations was based on the Body Mass Index, according to the classification of the Institute of Medicine, and the following categories were obtained: underweight, normal weight, overweight and obesity. In the statistical analysis, the multinomial logistic regression model was used and an odds ratio and confidence interval of 95% were estimated. RESULTS: The sample included women between 13 and 45 years. The prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity were 10, 18 and 11%, respectively. Women living in Queimados, adolescents, women who did not live with a partner and smokers had a higher proportion of low pre-pregnancy weight. There was an association between hypertension, overweight and obesity. Adolescents presented lower chance to overweight and obesity. Living in Queimados reduced the odds of overweight. CONCLUSION: The proportion of pre-pregnancy nutritional deviations was high, and recognizing factors that lead to them is very important for an early identification of women at nutritional risk, with view to interventions to reduce the adverse effects of malnutrition on maternal and child health.

To the question of the therapeutic value of overfeeding nephrotic proteins

1937 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-142
Author(s):  
A. I. Golikov ◽  
M. M. Grigorieva
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Water Exchange ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
A Value ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Therapeutic Value ◽  
Blood Plasma Proteins

The study of the problem of water exchange and issues of the pathogenesis of edema (Starling, Krog, Beilis, Schade, Gover, Shabanier, Kilin, etc.) made it possible to establish the colossal significance in the pathogenesis of nephrosis of a number of factors associated with the state of the body's proteins. To one degree or another, depletion of blood plasma proteins, sharp changes in the ratio of protein fractions with a shift towards the coarse-dispersed phase (globulins), an increase in the hydrophilicity of tissue colloids (McClure and Aldrich test) characterize pathological shifts in the protein economy of the body. The osmotic pressure of nephrotic plasma proteins drops sharply due to an increase in osmotically much less active globulins and fibrinogen (Schade, Shabanier, Gover, Kilin, Malkin, etc.). This decrease can in some cases reach a value of 10-14 cm of water column in comparison with the normal value of 30-40 cm (Gover, Golikov). According to modern views, these violations of the protein constant due to changes in the salt balance, in the state of permeability of the capillary wall and the state of tissue colloids are a common cause of the hydropic state of the body. Along with the violation of protein metabolism, changes in the state of lipoid-cholesterol metabolism occur in the body with nephrosis. The absence of contraindications for giving nephrotic protein is well known.

scholarly journals Treponema pallidum in female sex workers from the Brazilian Marajó Archipelago: prevalence, risk factors, drug-resistant mutations and coinfections

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelen C Coelho ◽  
Samara B Souza ◽  
Camila Carla S Costa ◽  
Luana M Costa ◽  
Luiz Marcelo L Pinheiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
Treponema Pallidum ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Unprotected Sex ◽  
23S Rrna ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Female Sex

Abstract Background Female sex workers (FSWs) are an especially vulnerable group for syphilis and other sexually transmitted infection (STIs). This study determined the prevalence of syphilis in FSWs and factors associated with this disease in the Marajó Archipelago (northern Brazil), as well as the frequency of point mutations (A2058G and A2059G) in the 23S rRNA gene of Treponema pallidum and coinfections with hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis D virus (HDV). Methods FSWs were diagnosed using a rapid qualitative test and the isolates were evaluated for the presence of point mutations by real-time PCR. Blood samples with T. pallidum were tested for the presence of HBV, HCV and HDV by ELISA and confirmed by real-time PCR. The factors associated with syphilis were identified using Poisson regression models. Results Overall, 41.1% FSWs tested positive for syphilis and 23.5% were infected with strains having A2058G/A2059G point mutations. HBV (23.0%) and HCV (8.1%) were detected among FSWs with syphilis. Six factors were associated with syphilis: low levels of education, reduced income, drug use, unprotected sex, a lengthy career in prostitution and a lack of regular medical check-ups. Conclusions These findings indicate an urgent need for implementation of effective strategies to diagnose, prevent and treat syphilis, as well as other STIs, in this Brazilian region.

The state of scientific knowledge regarding factors associated with terrorism.

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 180-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah L. Desmarais ◽  
Joseph Simons-Rudolph ◽  
Christine Shahan Brugh ◽  
Eileen Schilling ◽  
Chad Hoggan
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
The State ◽  
Factors Associated

La systémique: son apport à la sylviculture et son rapport au marché | Systemics: its contribution to silviculture and its connection to the market

2006 ◽  
Vol 157 (7) ◽  
pp. 283-286
Author(s):  
Guido Bernasconi
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Public Funding ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Living System ◽  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Systemic Approach ◽  
Forest Management Plan

The silvicultural principles of a forest management plan for Canton Neuchâtel reveals itself as steeped in a systemic approach that allows us to consider the forest as a truly living system. In this context, it seems judicious to the author to conceive of the body forest personnel as a group of responsible people who share certain common ethics and who, in their work, promote the emergence of collective services recognised as beneficial to the state and which would be supported by public funding for the good of the entire community.

A Litreary Review of Vishama Jwara and its principle of treatment

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr.Saurabh Parauha ◽  
Hullur M. A. ◽  
Prashanth A. S.
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cardinal Symptoms

In Ayurveda, Jwara is not merely the concept of raised body temperature, but as is said in Charaka Samhita, 'Deha- Indriya- Manah- Santap' is the cardinal symptoms of Jwara. This can be defined as the state where the body, mind as well as sense oragans suffer due to the high temperature. Vishamajwara is a type of fever, which is described in all Ayurvedic texts. Charaka mentioned Vishamajwara and Chakrapani have commented on Vishamajwara as Bhutanubanda, Susruta affirmed that Aagantuchhanubhandohi praysho Vishamajware. Madhavakara has also recognised Vishamajwara as Bhutabhishangajanya (infected by microorganism). Vishamajwara is irregular (inconsistent) in it's Arambha (nature of onset commitment), Kriya (action production of symptoms) and Kala (time of appearance) and possesses Anushanga (persistence for long periods). The treatment of this disease depends upon Vegavastha and Avegavastha of Jwara. Various Shodhana and Shamana procedures are mentioned in classics to treat Visham Jwara.

scholarly journals The Double-Edged Sword of Health and Safety: COVID-19 and the Policing and Exclusion of Migrant Asian Massage Workers in North America

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
Elene Lam ◽  
Elena Shih ◽  
Katherine Chin ◽  
Kate Zen
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Sex Work ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Sex Trafficking ◽  
The State ◽  
Emergency Relief ◽  
Sexual Services

Migrant Asian massage workers in North America first experienced the impacts of COVID-19 in the final weeks of January 2020, when business dropped drastically due to widespread xenophobic fears that the virus was concentrated in Chinese diasporic communities. The sustained economic devastation, which began at least 8 weeks prior to the first social distancing and shelter in place orders issued in the U.S. and Canada, has been further complicated by a history of aggressive policing of migrant massage workers in the wake of the war against human trafficking. Migrant Asian massage businesses are increasingly policed as locales of potential illicit sex work and human trafficking, as police and anti-trafficking initiatives target migrant Asian massage workers despite the fact that most do not provide sexual services. The scapegoating of migrant Asian massage workers and criminalization of sex work have led to devastating systemic and interpersonal violence, including numerous deportations, arrests, and deaths, most notably the recent murder of eight people at three Atlanta-based spas. The policing of sex workers has historically been mobilized along fears of sexually transmitted disease and infection, and more recently, within the past two decades, around a moral panic against sex trafficking. New racial anxieties around the coronavirus as an Asian disease have been mobilized by the state to further cement the justification of policing Asian migrant workers along the axes of health, migration, and sexual labor. These justifications also solidify discriminatory social welfare regimes that exclude Asian migrant massage workers from accessing services on the basis of the informality and illegality of their work mixed with their precarious citizenship status. This paper draws from ethnographic participant observation and survey data collected by two sex worker organizations that work primarily with massage workers in Toronto and New York City to examine the double-edged sword of policing during the pandemic in the name of anti-trafficking coupled with exclusionary policies regarding emergency relief and social welfare, and its effects on migrant Asian massage workers in North America. Although not all migrant Asian massage workers, including those surveyed in this paper, provide sexual services, they are conflated, targeted, and treated as such by the state and therefore face similar barriers of criminalization, discrimination, and exclusion. This paper recognizes that most migrant Asian massage workers do not identify as sex workers and does not intend to label them as such or reproduce the scapegoating rhetoric used by law enforcement. Rather, it seeks to analyze how exclusionary attitudes and policies towards sex workers are transferred onto migrant Asian massage workers as well whether or not they provide sexual services.

scholarly journals Cohort analysis of the state of female genital cutting in Nigeria: prevalence, daughter circumcision and attitude towards its discontinuation

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Babatunde M. Gbadebo ◽  
Adetokunbo T. Salawu ◽  
Rotimi F. Afolabi ◽  
Mobolaji M. Salawu ◽  
Adeniyi F. Fagbamigbe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
The State ◽  
Female Genital Cutting ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Bodily Integrity ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Female Children ◽  
Genital Cutting ◽  
Female Genital

Abstract Background Female genital cutting (FGC) inflicts life-long injuries on women and their female children. It constitutes a violation of women’s fundamental human rights and threats to bodily integrity. Though decreasing, the practice is high and widespread in Nigeria despite efforts towards its eradication. This study was conducted to perform cohort analysis of the state of FGC between the years 2009 and 2018 in Nigeria. Results The study found that that FGC has reduced over the years from 56.3% among the 1959–1963 birth cohort to 25.5% among 1994–1998 cohorts but a rise in FGC between 1994–1998 cohorts and 1999–2003 cohorts (28.4%). The percentage of respondents who circumcised their daughters reduced from 40.1% among the oldest birth cohort to 3.6% among the younger cohort. Birth-cohort, religion, education, residence, region, and ethnicity were associated with FGC. Factors associated with the daughter’s circumcision were birth-cohort, religion, residence, region, ethnicity, wealth, marital status, FGC status of the respondent, and FGC required by religion. Similar factors were found for discontinuation intention. Conclusions The practice of FGC is still high but decreasing among younger birth-cohorts in Nigeria. There is no significant change in the perception of the discontinuation of FGC. More awareness about the adverse effects of FGC, particularly among women with poor education in Nigeria will greatly reduce this cultural menace’s timely eradication.

scholarly journals Sociodemographic associations of geographic variation in paediatric tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aimy H. L. Tran ◽  
Danny Liew ◽  
Rosemary S. C. Horne ◽  
Joanne Rimmer ◽  
Gillian M. Nixon
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Variation ◽  
Language Proficiency ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
English Language ◽  
Population Analysis ◽  
English Language Proficiency ◽  
The State ◽  
The Public ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Administrative Datasets

AbstractGeographic variation of paediatric tonsillectomy, with or without adenoidectomy, (A/T) has been described since the 1930s until today but no studies have investigated the factors associated with this variation. This study described the geographical distribution of paediatric A/T across the state of Victoria, Australia, and investigated area-level factors associated with this variation. We used linked administrative datasets capturing all paediatric A/T performed between 2010 and 2015 in Victoria. Surgery data were collapsed by patient residence to the level of Local Government Area. Regression models were used to investigate the association between likelihood of surgery and area-level factors. We found a 10.2-fold difference in A/T rates across the state, with areas of higher rates more in regional than metropolitan areas. Area-level factors associated with geographic variation of A/T were percentage of children aged 5–9 years (IRR 1.07, 95%CI 1.01–1.14, P = 0.03) and low English language proficiency (IRR 0.95, 95% CI 0.90–0.99, P = 0.03). In a sub-population analysis of surgeries in the public sector, these factors were low maternal educational attainment (IRR 1.09, 95% CI 1.02–1.16, P < 0.001) and surgical waiting time (IRR 0.99635 95% CI 0.99273–0.99997, P = 0.048). Identifying areas of focus for improvement and factors associated with geographic variation will assist in improving equitable provision of paediatric A/T and decrease variability within regions.

scholarly journals Correlation of age, sex and season with the state of human decomposition as quantified by postmortem computed tomography

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic L. C. Guebelin ◽  
Akos Dobay ◽  
Lars Ebert ◽  
Eva Betschart ◽  
Michael J. Thali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Seasonal Effects ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Postmortem Computed Tomography ◽  
Whole Body Computed Tomography ◽  
Urban Study

AbstractDead bodies exhibit a variable range of changes with advancing decomposition. To quantify intracorporeal gas, the radiological alteration index (RAI) has been implemented in the assessment of postmortem whole-body computed tomography. We used this RAI as a proxy for the state of decomposition. This study aimed to (I) investigate the correlation between the state of decomposition and the season in which the body was discovered; and (II) evaluate the correlations between sociodemographic factors (age, sex) and the state of decomposition, by using the RAI as a proxy for the extent of decomposition. In a retrospective study, we analyzed demographic data from all autopsy reports from the Institute of Forensic Medicine of Zurich between January 2017 to July 2019 and evaluated the radiological alteration index from postmortem whole-body computed tomography for each case. The bodies of older males showed the highest RAI. Seasonal effects had no significant influence on the RAI in our urban study population with bodies mostly being discovered indoors. Autopsy reports contain valuable data that allow interpretation for reasons beyond forensic purposes, such as sociopolitical observations.

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