Digit ratio (2D:4D) and body mass index in the BBC Internet Study: prenatal sex steroids and a Trivers–Willard effect on body composition

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
J. T. Manning ◽  
B. Fink ◽  
L. Mason ◽  
R. Trivers
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Sex Steroids ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
National Level ◽  
Digit Ratio ◽  
Parental Income ◽  
Prenatal Testosterone ◽  
Internet Study ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Digit ratio – a putative measure of prenatal sex steroids – may be related to body mass index (BMI). However, reports of correlations between 2D:4D and BMI have yielded mixed results with some studies showing no relationship while others have reported positive associations in men or women only. This study considers associations between self-reported 2D:4D and BMI in a large online survey (i.e. the BBC Internet Study). At the individual level, there was a weak positive association between 2D:4D and BMI in both sexes with greater effect sizes in women. Body mass index was positively related to age and negatively related to parental income; however, the relationship between 2D:4D and BMI was independent of both variables. At the national level, mean 2D:4D per country showed positive associations with mean national BMI but those correlations were restricted to females. It is concluded that BMI is positively related to low prenatal testosterone and high prenatal oestrogen. Parental income inequality may influence both prenatal sex steroids (through a ‘Trivers–Willard’ effect) and BMI such that increases in inequality result in reductions in prenatal testosterone and increases in BMI at the individual and national level.

scholarly journals Parental income inequality and children’s digit ratio (2D:4D): a ‘Trivers-Willard’ effect on prenatal androgenization?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
J.T. Manning ◽  
B. Fink ◽  
L. Mason ◽  
R. Trivers
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Ring Finger ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Digit Ratio ◽  
Average Income ◽  
Parental Income ◽  
Prenatal Testosterone ◽  
Internet Study

Abstract Income inequality is associated positively with disease prevalence and mortality. Digit ratio (2D:4D) – a negative proxy for prenatal testosterone and a positive correlate of prenatal oestrogen – is related to several diseases. This study examined the association of income inequality (operationalized as relative parental income) and children’s 2D:4D. Participants self-measured finger lengths (2D=index finger, and 4D=ring finger) in a large online survey conducted in July 2005 (the BBC Internet Study) and reported their parents’ income. Children of parents of above-average income had low 2D:4D (high prenatal testosterone, low prenatal oestrogen) while the children of parents of below-average income had high 2D:4D (low prenatal testosterone, high prenatal oestrogen). The effects were significant in the total sample, present among Whites (the largest group in the sample), in the two largest national samples (UK and USA) and were greater for males than females. The findings suggest a Trivers-Willard effect, such that high-income women may prenatally masculinize their sons at the expense of the fitness of their daughters. Women with low income may prenatally feminize their daughters at the fitness expense of their sons. The effect could, in part, explain associations between low income, high 2D:4D (low prenatal testosterone) and some major causes of mortality such as cardiovascular disease.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic inequalities in children’s weight, height and BMI trajectories in Norway

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teferi Mekonnen ◽  
Eleni Papadopoulou ◽  
Onyebuchi A. Arah ◽  
Anne Lise Brantsæter ◽  
Nanna Lien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
Linear Mixed Effects ◽  
Parental Income ◽  
Educational Differences ◽  
Bmi Trajectories ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Weight Velocity

AbstractStudies exploring when social inequalities in body mass index (BMI) and its composites emerge and how these evolve with age are limited. Thus, this study explored parental income and education related inequalities in children’s weight, height, weight velocity and body mass index among Norwegian children from 1 month to 8 years. The study population included 59,927 family/children pairs participating in the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study. Growth was modelled using the Jenss–Bayley model and linear mixed effects analyses were conducted. Maternal and paternal educational differences in children’s weight and BMI trajectories emerged during infancy, continuing to age 8 years. Parental income-related inequalities in children’s weight were observed from the age of 1 month to 4 years for maternal and up to 1 year for paternal income-related differences but then disappeared. Parental income-related inequalities in child’s BMI were observed from 18 months to 8 years for maternal income, and from 9 months to 8 years for paternal income-related differences. These results suggest that social inequalities in children’s BMI present early in infancy and continue to 8 years of age. The inequalities sometimes differed by indicator of socioeconomic position used. Interventions to combat these inequalities early in life are, thus needed.

scholarly journals Effect of individual- versus collective-based nutritional-lifestyle intervention on the atherogenic index of plasma in children with obesity: a randomized trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elvira Verduci ◽  
Giuseppe Banderali ◽  
Elisabetta Di Profio ◽  
Sara Vizzuso ◽  
Gianvincenzo Zuccotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Lifestyle Intervention ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Blood Profile ◽  
Atherogenic Index Of Plasma ◽  
Paediatric Obesity ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Background The Atherogenic Index of Plasma is a predictive biomarker of atherosclerosis in adults but there is a lack of studies in paediatric population aimed at evaluating the longitudinal changes of the AIP and of the cardiometabolic blood profile related to nutritional interventions. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of individual- versus collective-based nutritional-lifestyle intervention on the Atherogenic Index of Plasma in schoolchildren with obesity. Methods One-hundred sixty-four children aged 6–12 years with Body Mass Index z-score > 2 referred to the Paediatric Obesity Clinic, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy, were consecutively enrolled and randomized to undergo to either an individual- (n = 82) or a collective- (n = 82) based intervention promoting a balanced normo-caloric diet and physical activity. In addition, the individual intervention included a tailored personalized nutritional advice and education based on the revised Coventry, Aberdeen, and London-Refined taxonomy. Both at baseline and after 12 months of intervention, dietary habits and anthropometric measures were assessed, a fasting blood sample were taken for biochemistry analysis. Results The participation rate at 12 months was 93.3% (n = 153 patients), 76 children in the individual-intervention and 77 children in the collective intervention. At univariate analysis, mean longitudinal change in Atherogenic Index of Plasma was greater in the individual than collective intervention (− 0.12 vs. − 0.05), as well as change in triglyceride-glucose index (− 0.22 vs. − 0.08) and Body Mass Index z-score (− 0.59 vs. − 0.37). At multiple analysis, only change in Body Mass Index z-score remained independently associated with intervention (odds ratio 3.37). Conclusion In children with obesity, an individual-based nutritional and lifestyle intervention, including techniques from the CALO-RE taxonomy, could have an additional beneficial effect over a collective-based intervention, although the actual size of the effect remains to be clarified. Trial Registration Clinical Trials NCT03728621

scholarly journals Lifestyle Changes and Body Mass Index during COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown: An Italian Online-Survey

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1117
Author(s):  
Silvia Maffoni ◽  
Silvia Brazzo ◽  
Rachele De Giuseppe ◽  
Ginevra Biino ◽  
Ilaria Vietti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Eating Behaviours ◽  
Public Health Services ◽  
Activity Frequency

Background. COVID-19 pandemic has imposed a period of contingency measures, including total or partial lockdowns all over the world leading to several changes in lifestyle/eating behaviours. This retrospective cohort study aimed at investigating Italian adult population lifestyle changes during COVID-19 pandemic “Phase 1” lockdown (8 March–4 May 2020) and discriminate between positive and negative changes and BMI (body mass index) variations (ΔBMI). Methods. A multiple-choice web-form survey was used to collect retrospective data regarding lifestyle/eating behaviours during “Phase 1” in the Italian adult population. According to changes in lifestyle/eating behaviours, the sample was divided into three classes of changes: “negative change”, “no change”, “positive change”. For each class, correlations with ΔBMI were investigated. Results. Data were collected from 1304 subjects (973F/331M). Mean ΔBMI differed significantly (p < 0.001) between classes, and was significantly related to water intake, alcohol consumption, physical activity, frequency of “craving or snacking between meals”, dessert/sweets consumption at lunch. Conclusions. During “Phase 1”, many people faced several negative changes in lifestyle/eating behaviours with potential negative impact on health. These findings highlight that pandemic exacerbates nutritional issues and most efforts need to be done to provide nutrition counselling and public health services to support general population needs.

scholarly journals Prevalence of pre-diabetes/type 2 diabetes among adolescents (10–19 years) and its association with different measures of overweight/obesity in India: a gendered perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pradeep Kumar ◽  
Shobhit Srivastava ◽  
Prem Shankar Mishra ◽  
E. T. Krishnan Mooss
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
National Level ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Adolescent Boys ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Subscapular Skinfold Thickness

Abstract Background The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) estimated that 1.1 million children and adolescents aged 14–19 years are living with diabetes. Diabetes is a chronic, progressive disease characterized by elevated levels of blood glucose. It is also recognized as a complex disease that affects people of different ages due to different causes. The present study aims to estimate the prevalence of pre-diabetes/diabetes at the national level. Additionally, the respective study determines the factors associated with pre-diabetes/diabetes conditions among adolescents at the national level. Methods The data for this study was carried out from the Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey (CNNS), the first-ever nationally representative nutrition survey of children and adolescents in India. The study used a sample size of 17,865 adolescent boys and 17,965 adolescent girls for the analysis. Descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis, and logistic regression analysis were done to carve out the results. Results The prevalence of pre-diabetes/diabetes was 12.3% and 8.4% among adolescent boys and girls in India, respectively. Body mass index and Subscapular skinfold thickness were the two most important predictors of pre-diabetes/diabetes among adolescents. Further, physical activities show a negative association with pre-diabetes/diabetes. Moreover, interaction models in the present study clearly reveal the fact that adolescent girls were less likely to suffer from pre-diabetes/diabetes than adolescent boys. Additionally, it was found that the prevalence of pre-diabetes/diabetes was high among adolescent girls from lower socio-economic strata. Conclusion The high prevalence of pre-diabetes and diabetes among adolescents portrayed serious public health concern in India. As body mass index and Subscapular skinfold thickness were positively associated with pre-diabetes/diabetes conditions among adolescents. Therefore, effective approaches are needed to be taken to tackle these pre-diabetes/diabetes conditions among adolescents and especially among adolescent boys.

scholarly journals Influence of Rescuers’ Gender and Body Mass Index on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation according to the American Heart Association 2010 Resuscitation Guidelines

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Ahmad Jaafar ◽  
Mohammad Abdulwahab ◽  
Eman Al-Hashemi
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
American Heart Association ◽  
American Heart ◽  
Heart Association ◽  
Resuscitation Guidelines ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Cpr Training

Background and Objectives. The quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is an important factor in determining its overall outcome. This study aims to test the association between rescuers’ gender, Body Mass Index (BMI), and the accuracy of chest compressions (CC) as well as ventilation, according to American Heart Association (AHA) 2010 resuscitation guidelines. Methods. The study included 72 participants of both genders. All the participants received CPR training according to AHA 2010 resuscitation guidelines. One week later, an assessment of their CPR was carried out. Moreover, the weight and height of the participants were measured in order to calculate their BMI. Results. Our analysis showed no significant association between gender and the CC depth (P=0.53) as well as between gender and ventilation (P=0.42). Females were significantly faster than males in CC (P=0.000). Regarding BMI, participants with a BMI less than the mean BMI of the study sample tended to perform CC with the correct depth (P=0.045) and to finish CC faster than those with a BMI more than the mean (P=0.000). On the other hand, no significant association was found between BMI and ventilation (P=0.187). Conclusion. CPR can be influenced by factors such as gender and BMI, as such the individual rescuer and CPR training programs should take these into account in order to maximize victims’ outcome.

scholarly journals Knowledge Attitude and Practice about Obesity and Its Complication in Rural Area of Lahore

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-191
Author(s):  
Asma Anwar ◽  
Muhammad Hussain ◽  
Hajra Sarwar ◽  
Muhammad Afzal ◽  
Syed Amir Gilani
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Normal Body Mass Index ◽  
Junk Food ◽  
Attitude And Practice ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Knowledge Attitude And Practice

Introduction: The population has not been investigated extensively about understanding and perception about obesity and its complications. The aim of the study was to investigate the understanding, recognition and practice between overall population in the selected areas of Lahore related to obesity and its complications. Methods: The descriptive study which involved 100 respondents. The respondents from Hussain Abad Lahore were conveniently approached and recruited. A pre-approved, questionnaire was used for data accumulation. SPSS version 20 was used both descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: From Out of the total 100 participants, 53% were females and 47% were males. Almost the half Participant 45% was in the age of 35years. Nearly 91% respondents don’t have idea about normal body mass index of adults. While 89% participants don’t know hormonal problems can lead the obesity. However 51% participants know that obesity can lead the heart problems. . Just about 52% participants were agreeing that when the person consumes extra calories than the individual burns obesity can occurs. 44% participants were agreed that psychological factors can influence the eating habits and obesity more over 36% are agreed that junk food takers are more susceptible to obesity. Only 3% participant checks their Body Mass Index (BMI) level. 26% change their eating habits, physical activity in order to maintain their physique and 11% takes of junk food. Conclusion: The respondents were more careful that obesity happens when a man expends a bigger number of calories than a man devours it. However the respondents know about obesity and its entanglements to some degree, their preparation towards weight isn't general which ought to be investigated later on for better human administrations, and prosperity comes about. Int. J. Soc. Sc. Manage. Vol. 5, Issue-3: 187-191

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