557. Studies of the secretion of milk of low fat content by cows on diets low in hay and high in concentrates: IV. The effect of variations in the intake of digestible nutrients

1954 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Balch ◽  
D. A. Balch ◽  
S. Bartlett ◽  
V. W. Johnson ◽  
S. J. Rowland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
The Other ◽  
Essential Difference ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Initial Control ◽  
Concentrate Mixture

1. Digestibility trials were conducted, and the rate of passage of hay was measured, with five Shorthorn cows during a period of normal diet and during two experimental periods in which diets low in hay and high in concentrates were given. In the first experimental period the concentrates were cubes of the wartime type sold as National Cattle Food No. 1, and containing a variety of constituents; in the second they were a mixture offlakedmaize (50%), weatings (35%) and decorticated ground-nut cake (15%). For convenience these are referred to as concentrate ‘cubes’ and ‘mixture’ respectively.2. During the initial and final control periods the cows consumed daily 17–21 lb. hay, and about 4·5 lb. concentrates per 10 lb. of milk produced. In the initial control period the concentrates were the concentrate cubes, and in the final they were the concentrate mixture. The hay was reduced to 4 lb. daily during the two experimental periods and the remainder of the standard requirements of the animals were met by concentrates. The concentrates were the cubes in the first experimental period and the mixture in the second experimental period.3. Seducing the hay to 4 lb. did not affect the fat content of the milk when the other food in the diet was the concentrate cubes, but there was a striking mean fall of 1·04% fat when the cubes were replaced by the concentrate mixture. This represented a loss of over 30% in the yield of fat.4. Digestibility trials, conducted in the initial control and first and second experimental periods, indicated that the fall in milk fat content was not the result of changes in the amounts of dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, crude fibre, cellulose, cellulosans or pentosans not in cellulose digested. The essential difference between the diet of low hay with the concentrate mixture and the other diets given in this experiment was that it provided a high intake of starch yet had little of the physical property of roughage. It is concluded that depression of milk fat content results from a combination of these two factors and probably originates from changes in the physical and biochemical processes of the reticulo-rumen.5. The intake of starch equivalent, as calculated from the intake of digestible nutrients, was close to standard requirements in all periods of the experiments, but there was a surplus of digestible crude protein.6. The mean solids-not-fat content of the milk rose 0·48% at the time of the fall in milk fat, and this was entirely due to an increase in milk protein. After the return to normal diets the recovery of solids-not-fat was slower, but no less complete, than the recovery in milk fat.

545. Studies of the secretion of milk of low fat content by cows on diets low in hay and high in concentrates: II. The effect of the protein content of concentrates

1954 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Balch ◽  
D. A. Balch ◽  
S. Bartlett ◽  
C. P. Cox ◽  
S. J. Rowland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Experimental Treatment ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Similar Treatment ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Low Protein

1. Twenty cows were used in an experiment to compare the effect of five different diets on the fat and solids-not-fat content and yield of milk.2. During initial and final control periods all the cows received 18 lb. hay daily and about 4 lb. of a balanced concentrate mixture (crude protein 16·5%) per 10 lb. of milk produced. In the experimental period, which lasted 7 weeks, a control group of four cows remained on this diet. Two similar groups received daily only 4 lb. hay and about 6 lb. extra concentrates; in these groups the concentrates contained 22·3% crude protein. The remaining two groups received similar treatment except that the concentrates contained only 11·6% crude protein. In addition, 10 1b. macerated delignified straw pulp (containing 1 lb. crude fibre) were given to half the cows receiving each type of concentrate. At the end of the experiment the cows were turned out to grass.3. With the diets low in hay and high in concentrates there was a fall in the fat content of the milk, with some variability in the response of individual cows (see 4 below). With the concentrates high in protein, the fall appeared to be rather slower than with those low in protein, but by the sixth and seventh weeks of experimental treatment it was estimated to be 0·67% fat with high and 0·72% fat with low protein concentrates. The experiment showed, therefore, that serious falls in fat content may occur in cows early in lactation with diets of 4 lb. hay and concentrates containing 22·3 or 11·6% protein. The addition of a limited amount of crude fibre as straw pulp brought about no recovery in milk fat content.4. The extent of the depression brought about by the change to diets low in hay diminished with advancing stage of lactation.

546. Studies on the secretion of milk of low fat content by cows on diets low in hay and high in concentrates: III. The effect of variations in the amount and physical state of the hay and a comparison of the Shorthorn Friesian breeds

1954 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Balch ◽  
D. A. Balch ◽  
S. Bartlett ◽  
Zena D. Hosking ◽  
V. W. Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Period ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Initial Control ◽  
Small Decline

1. Four comparable groups of Shorthorn cows were used for an investigation of the effects of various amounts of hay, given with concentrates, on the fat content and yield of milk.2. During the initial and final control periods all the cows received 16 lb. hay daily and about 4 lb. of a balanced concentrate mixture (flaked maize 50%, weatings 35% and decorticated groundnut cake 15%) per 10 lb. of milk produced. During the experimentaltreatment period of 7 weeks the groups received 12, 8 or 4 lb. hay, or 8 lb. coarsely ground hay, per cow daily respectively, with sufficient of a low protein concentrate to compensate for the reduction in hay, and the balanced mixture as in the control periods.3. The change from 16 to 12 lb. hay did not affect the fat content of the milk, a small decline being attributable to the advance in stage of lactation, but the mean values for the last 2 weeks of treatment, adjusted for the differences in the initial control period, showed that the milk fat percentage for the groups receiving 8 and 4 lb. hay and 8 lb. ground hay had fallen by 1·16,1·12 and 1·72 respectively by comparison with that for the 12 lb. hay group.4. A group of Friesian cows was included in the experiment, and received 4 lb. hay during the treatment period. The fall in the fat content of their milk was greater, but not significantly different from, that observed with the corresponding group of Shorthorn cows.5. In the treatment period the milk yields tended to decline more rapidly than in the control periods, and this taken in conjunction with the falls in fat content was reflected in considerable falls in the yield of milk fat, ranging from 28·4 to 55·2% with diets containing less than 12 lb. hay. Both the fat percentage and fat yields recovered in the final control period.

scholarly journals The relationship in the cow between milk-fat secretion and ruminal volatile fatty acids

1966 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Storry ◽  
J. A. F. Rook
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Initial Control ◽  
The Individual

1. The effect of reducing the hay and of increasing the proportions of concentrate and flaked maize in the diet of cows on the secretion of milk fat and its component fatty acids and on the proportions of volatile fatty acids in the rumen liquor has been studied. 2. The low-hay diet caused a fall in the milk fat content to about half of the values in the initial control period and the secretion of all the major fatty acids in the milk was reduced. The general pattern of change in the proportions of rumen VFA during the change to the low-hay diet was a decrease in acetic acid, an increase in propionic and n-valeric acids, relatively little change in n-butyric acid and also an increase in the concentration of lactic acid. Approximately 60% of the variation in milk fat content during the change of diet was associated with the increase in propionic acid. 3. In cows established on the low-hay diet there were marked variations in the relative proportions of acetic and propionic acids, but there was no related change in milk fat content. On return of the animals to the high-hay diet, recovery of the initial proportions of acetic, propionic and valeric acids occurred within about 4 days but the recovery in milk fat content was not complete until 2–3 weeks had elapsed. 4. Although the intraruminal infusion of acetic acid in cows on the low-hay diet caused increases and decreases respectively in the molar proportions of acetic and propionic acids in the rumen, an increase in milk fat content was observed amounting to only one-quarter of the loss associated with the transfer to the low-hay diet; therem was no characteristic pattern of increase in the yields of the individual fatty acids of milk fat. No consistent effects of intraruminal infusions of butyric acid, in cows on the low-hay diet, on the yield of milk fat or of the individual fatty acids were observed.

566. Studies of the secretion of milk of low fat content by cows on diets low in hay and high in concentrates: V. The importance of the type of starch in the concentrates

1955 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Balch ◽  
D. A. Balch ◽  
S. Bartlett ◽  
Zena D. Hosking ◽  
V. W. Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Experimental Treatment ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Concentrate Mixture ◽  
Maize Meal ◽  
Daily Intakes

1. Three comparable groups of cows were used to investigate the effect, on milk composition and yield, of diets consisting of 4 lb. hay daily and concentrates containing 35% weatings, 15% decorticated groundnut cake and 50% of either flaked maize, maize meal or dredge corn (crushed oats and barley) respectively.2. During initial and final control periods all the cows received 16 lb. hay daily and, per 10 lb. of milk produced, they received about 4 lb. of the concentrate mixture containing flaked maize. During the experimental period of 6 weeks all the cows received 4 lb. hay, concentrates according to milk yield, and an extra 7 lb. of concentrates daily. One group of cows received the concentrate mixture containing flaked maize, a second group the mixture with maize meal and the third group that with dredge corn. The mean daily intakes of starch for the different groups were respectively 6·0, 6·4 and 5·8 lb. per cow.3. The diet containing flaked maize caused a marked, and that containing maize meal a small fall in the fat content of the milk, but the diet containing dredge corn was without effect. In the last 2 weeks of experimental treatment the adjusted mean fat percentage for the group of cows receiving flaked maize was 0·51 and 0·71 below the percentages for the groups receiving maize meal and dredge corn respectively. The yields of milk and of milk fat were also lower in the group receiving flaked maize than in either of the other groups, but the experimental treatments produced no changes in the milk solids-not-fat percentage.4. This experiment has shown that when diets low in hay and high in concentrates are given to lactating cows, the type of starch in the concentrates is of great importance in determining the extent of the depression in milk fat percentage. The greater depression with flaked maize than with maize meal or dredge corn is thought to be associated with the effect of the starch on the flora of the reticulo-rumen.

592. Studies of the secretion of milk of low fat content by cows on diets low in hay and high in concentrates: VI. The effect on the physical and biochemical processes of the reticulo-rumen

1955 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 270-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Balch ◽  
D. A. Balch ◽  
S. Bartlett ◽  
M. Patricia Bartrum ◽  
V. W. Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Ratio Method ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Initial Control ◽  
The Mean

1. Two Shorthorn cows with rumen fistulas were used to investigate the effect of diets high in concentrates and low in hay on the physical and biochemical processes of the reticulo-rumen.2. During the initial control period of the investigation the cows received daily 16 lb. hay and 20 lb. concentrates (flaked maize 50%, weatings 35%, decorticated ground-nut cake 15%) and during the final control period 18 lb. hay and 10 lb. concentrates. There were three intervening experimental periods, in each of which the cows received 2 lb. hay daily. In the first experimental period they received, in addition to the hay, 24 lb. concentrates; in the second, 20 lb. concentrates and 5 lb. of dried delignified straw pulp in a finely macerated form; and in the third, 20 lb. concentrates. The experiment lasted 27 weeks.3. In the experimental periods the mean milk-fat percentage remained below 2·0 for 10 weeks, whereas the mean value for the control periods was about 3·5. Addition of the straw pulp to the diet low in hay brought about no recovery in milk-fat percentage. It is calculated that in the two cows the losses in the yield of fat were 62·2 and 51·2% in the first experimental period and 62·5 and 58·7% in the second. In the experimental periods there were increases in the milk solids-not-fat percentage amounting in the two cows to upwards of 0·75 and 0·40 respectively. The composition of the butterfat was influenced by the diets low in hay, the main changes being a marked fall in the Reichert value, and a rise in the iodine value.4. Digestibility trials showed that in the initial control period and the first and second experimental periods the mean daily intake of digestible crudefibrewas 2·6,0·6 and 3·0 lb. respectively. A tentative estimate of the extent of digestion in the reticulo-rumen, based on the lignin-ratio method, showed that a marked depression in values for the digestibility of the cellulosic constituents of the diet given during the first experimental period took place in the reticulo-rumen. In all experimental periods, even the first, the digestion of starch in the reticulo-rumen was virtually complete, only traces passing undigested to the remainder of the gut. In these three periods the mean daily intake of ether extract remained at 0·4·0·5 lb.

scholarly journals Milk fatty acid profile from grazing buffaloes fed a blend of soybean and linseed oils

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 927-934 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.A. Gagliostro ◽  
E.M. Patiño ◽  
M. Sanchez Negrette ◽  
G. Sager ◽  
L. Castelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Vaccenic Acid ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Milk Fatty Acid ◽  
Milk Protein Content

The aim of the study was to examine the changes in milk fatty acid (FA) profile of grazing buffaloes fed either low (L, 276g/d) or high (H, 572g/d) doses of a blend (70:30, wt/wt) of soybean and linseed oils. Fourteen multiparous Mediterranean buffaloes grazing on a native pasture were fed 4 kg/day of a commercial concentrate containing no supplemental oil over a pre-experimental period of ten days. The baseline milk production and composition and milk FA profile were measured over the last three days. After this pre-experimental period the animals received the same concentrate added with either the L or H oil doses for 26 additional days. Milk yield (g/animal/day) did not differ at the start (1776 ± 522 and 1662 ± 291 for L and H, respectively, P<0.622) or at the end of the trial (4590 ± 991 and 4847 ± 447 in L and H, respectively, P<0.543). Baseline milk fat content (g/kg) averaged 77.1 (±20.5) in L and 74.3 (±9.9) in H (P<0.10) and was reduced (P<0.031) to 60.7 (±23.6) and 49.4 (±11.2) (P<0.0031) respectively after L and H with no differences between treatments (P<0.277). Baseline milk protein content (L=43.2 ± 3.4 and H= 44.3 ± 6.9g/kg) increased after oil supplementation (P<0.0001) in both L (73.2 ± 6.0g/kg) and H (68.4 ± 4.9g/kg) without differences between oil doses (P<0.123). Milk fat content of 14:0 decreased after oil supplementation only in the H treatment (5.29 to 4.03, P<0.007) whereas that of 16:0 was reduced (P<0.001) at both L (24.49 to 19.75g/100g FA) and H (25.92 to 19.17g/100g FA) doses. The reduction of total content of 12:0 to 16:0 was higher (P<0.052) in H (32.02 to 23.93g/100g FA) than L (30.17 to 25.45g/100g FA). Vaccenic acid content increased (P<0.001) from 5.70 to 13.24g/100g FA in L and from 5.25 to 16.77 in H, with higher results in the in H treatment (P<0.001). Baseline rumenic acid was sharply increased (P<0.001) in L (1.80 to 4.09g/100g FA, +127%) and H (1.60 to 4.61g/100g FA, +187%) with no differences between L and H (P<0.19). Overall, these results indicate a pronounced improvement in the nutritional value of milk fat from grazing buffaloes fed little amounts (0.276g/day) of a blend of soybean and linseed oils.

Studies of the chemical composition of kales and rapes. I. The kales

1959 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. C. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
The Other ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Plant Basis ◽  
Matter Basis

1. Four varieties of marrow stem kale, three of thousand headed kales, Hungry Gap Kale and Rape-Kale were grown at three centres in mid-Wales. They were sampled in the early winter period and separate leaf and stem samples analysed for the proximate constituents and minerals.2. Leaf to stem ratios were measured on both a green and dry matter basis and the latter values used to calculate whole plant values for the chemical constituents.3. The leaves of the marrow stem kales were higher in dry matter than the stems, except in the case of the Purple Stem Kale. This variety resembled the thousand headed and rape-type kales in having a higher dry matter in the stems. On a dry matter basis, the leaves of all the varieties were richer than the stems in ether extract, crude protein, total ash and all the minerals except potassium and sodium. These elements occurred to a greater extent in the stems of the fleshy stemmed marrow stem kales than in the leaves. The stems were higher in crude fibre and nitrogen-free extractives.4. The leaves of the rape-type kales were higher than those of the other varieties in silica, phosphorus and potassium. They were the best source of phosphorus on a whole plant basis. The marrow stem kales had considerably higher leaf and stem values for sodium and were markedly superior to the other varieties as a source of the element.

scholarly journals Determination of Nutritional Composition of Ackee’s Apple Blighia sapida and Monkey Kola Cola millenii

2020 ◽  
pp. 127-136
Author(s):  
Oyetade Joshua Akinropo ◽  
Bello Lukman Abidemi ◽  
Adesiyan Blessing Adedayo
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mineral Analysis ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Fruit Samples

The proximate analysis of the fruit sample that homogenously sampled from the wild was taken and quartered to get appreciable weight fit for analysis. Due to it perishable nature the quartered sample for each of the fruit was stored in an air tight container and kept in the refrigerator at a temperature of about 4°C. For the determination of the nutritional composition, parameters which include their proximate, minerals, and vitamin C were quantitatively determined while the anti-nutrient composition were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed. Compared to ackee’s apple, monkey cola was found to consist of 64.41% moisture content, 1.69% ash, 10.21% crude fibre, 1.25% crude fat, 4.44% crude fibre, 18.06% carbohydrates while ackee’s apple consist of 73.21% moisture, 1.49% ash, 9.38 % crude protein, 13.98% crude fat, 2.08% crude fibre, 0.86% carbohydrates and 4.45% of vitamin C. The mineral analysis for both samples was quantitatively determined using Atomic Absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The minerals determined for ackee’s apple and monkey cola were magnesium which was 1391.65 ppm, calcium 628.23 ppm, sodium 506.96 ppm, potassium 3976.14 ppm, iron 1.0 ppm, copper 5.00, zinc 4.00, cobalt 3.0 and phosphorus 2616.90 ppm the iron however, was not detected. Ackee’s apple on the other hand, consist of magnesium 498.01 ppm, calcium 478.56 ppm, sodium 398.80 ppm, potassium 4970.18 ppm, copper 2.00, zinc 5.00, cobalt 3.0 and phosphorus 373.84 ppm. The qualitative screening of the anti-nutrients revealed the absence of phenol from both fruit samples while tannins were present only in the monkey cola. The flavonoids, phytic acid and oxalate were quantitatively determined to be 1240 mg, 625 mg and 155 mg for Monkey kola and 640 mg, 340 mg and 65 mg for Ackee’s apple.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF VARYING CONCENTRATE: GRASS HAY RATIOS ON FEED INTAKE AND NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY BY GROWING WEST AFRICAN FOREST SHEEP

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-66
Author(s):  
I. O. A. Adeleye ◽  
U. J. Ikhatua
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
West African ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Grass Hay ◽  
Gross Energy

Twelve ram lambs of the West African Forest type of between 15.7 and 24.6 kg were divided into four groups of 3 animals each. A group was assigned to one of four diets consisting of the following concentrate: grass hay ratios - 20 : 80 (A), 40 : 60 (B), 60 : 40 (C) and 80 : 20 (D). Feed intake, nutrient digestibilities and efficiency of feed utilization were measured. As the level of concentrate increased, the contents of crude protein ether extract, nitrogen-free extract (NFE) and gross energy of the diets increased, while the crude fibre and ash contents decreased almost linearly. Voluntary feed intake increased with increasing levels of concentrate, with diet C having a significantly higher (P 0.01) Relative Intake (RI) value than the other diets. Both the Nutritive Value Index (NVI) and Digestible Energy (DE) intake values were significantly higher (P. 0.01) in diets C and D than the other diets. Generally, the digestion coefficients for the gross energy, crude protein, crude fibre and nitrogen free extract increased with increasing levels of concentrate, the values being significantly higher (P 0.01) in diets C and D, while diet A showed a significantly lower (P 0.05) dry matter digestion coefficient value when compared with either diets. Although a similar trend was observed in the digestion coefficient for ether extract, the differences were not significant (P 0.05). With the exception of animals on diet C which had the highest daily weight gains, average daily weight gains and efficiency of feed utilization increased with successive substitution of concentrate for grass hay.

scholarly journals Nutrient intake, digestibility and nitrogen balance of two temperate and two tropical forage legume hays fed to New Zealand white rabbits

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-142
Author(s):  
T. T. Akpensuen ◽  
J. T. Amodu ◽  
R. J. Tanko ◽  
S. B. Abdu ◽  
O. A. T. Namo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
The Other ◽  
Forage Legume ◽  
Forage Legumes ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Tropical Forage ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits

An experiment was carried out to evaluate two temperate forage legumes (Trifolium pratense and Trifolium repens) and two tropical forage legumes (Stylosanthes guianensis and Centrosema molle) for hay intake and digestibility in the cool tropical climate of Vom, Jos, Plateau State of Nigeria. The legumes were planted in the month of June, 2016 and harvested at early-podding stage for hay. Sixteen (16) growing male New Zealand White rabbits were used for the digestibility study. The rabbits were arranged in a Completely Randomised Design and in individual cages measuring 55 cm x 39 cm x 40 cm. Nutrient contents, intake and digestibility in rabbits were determined. Crude protein content was significantly (P<0.01) higher in T. repens (18.38%) compared to T. pratense (16.50 %), whereas S. guianensis produced the least value of 13.83%. The crude fibre content of the hay was significantly higher (P<0.0I) in S. guianensis (37.29 %) compared to the other forage legumes. Dry matter intake was significantly (P<0.01) higher in rabbits fed T. repens (77.88%) compared to T. pratense (76.57%), and the lowest value of 62.97% was obtained in S. guianensis. Crude protein intake was significantly (P<0.01) higher in rabbits fed T. repens (15.05 g d-1) compared to those fed T. pratense (12.71 g d-1), but S. guianensis had the least value of 8.64 g d-1. On the other hand, rabbits fed S. guianensis hay had a higher (P<0.01) crude fibre intake (23.39%). Trifolium repens was significantly (P<0.01) higher in dry matter and crude protein digestibility (64.79 and 85. 88 %), while S. guianensis had lower values of 56.89 and 71.33%, respectively. Trifolium repens also had a significantly (P<0.01) higher total nitrogen intake and retained compared to the other forage legumes. Nitrogen retained in T. repens was 2.40 g d-1 compared to 1.87 g d-1 in T. pretense, while S. guianensis had the lowest of 1.34 g d-1. The temperate forage legume hays were higher in nutrient content, intake and digestibility compared to the tropical legume hays. Therefore, the forage crops may serve as better supplementary feeds for livestock feeding especially during the dry season.

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