Effect of propylene glycol supplementation around parturition on milk yield, reproduction performance and some hormonal and metabolic characteristics in dairy cows

1996 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Formigoni ◽  
Marie-Christine Cornil ◽  
Alberto Prandi ◽  
Archimede Mordenti ◽  
Andriana Rossi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Metabolic Characteristics ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Milk Urea

SummaryThirty-nine multiparous Holstein cows were used to measure the effect of propylene glycol treatment around parturition on milk yield, reproductive efficiency and some hormone and metabolite concentrations. Cows were assigned randomly to control (n = 19) or propylene glycol treated (n = 20) groups. Propylene glycol (300g) was administered directly mixed with the diet from day 10 prior to the expected calving date until parturition (day 0) and orally after dilution in 1 l water on days 3, 6, 9 and 12. Blood samples were collected on days −20, −5, 0, 3, 10, 25 and 50 while milk samples were taken weekly until 13 weeks post partum. Body condition scores, recorded on days −20, 15 and 50, were not affected by propylene glycol administration. Propylene glycol did not significantly affect milk yield or composition but linear somatic cell score measured from the first 13 weeks post partum was reduced by propylene glycol administration (P < 0·01). Moreover, propylene glycol reduced milk urea (−25 mg/l, P < 0·05), especially during the first 9 weeks post partum. Plasma insulin concentrations were similar in both groups during the experiment while insulin-like growth factor I (P < 0·05) and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 (P < 0·001) levels were higher on days 10, 25 and 50 post partum in the propylene glycol group. Propylene glycol administration decreased plasma non-esterified fatty acid concentrations (P < 0·05 to P < 0·01) but increased total cholesterol levels (P < 0·01) after parturition while 3-hydroxy-butyrate levels were unaffected by the treatment. Changes in the hormone and metabolic concentrations after propylene glycol administration in the last few days of gestation and the first week of lactation seem to indicate that energy balance in the treated group was probably more positive than in the control group. There was also evidence that propylene glycol administration prevented fatty liver syndrome and hastened the resumption of oestrous cycles (P < 0·001).

91 Can propylene glycol modulate insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 in superovulated dairy heifers?

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
R. Dupras ◽  
L. Mills ◽  
G. Robert ◽  
C. Meunier ◽  
Y. Chorfi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Dairy Heifers ◽  
Glycol Solution ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
And Control

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of propylene glycol (PPG) on serum concentrations of insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 in superovulated dairy heifers. We hypothesised that administration of PPG would have a positive effect on superovulation results via increased insulin and IGF-1. A total of 20 clinically healthy Holstein heifers with an average age of 12 months were used for this experiment. Superovulation was performed using a standard protocol. Briefly, each heifer received 3mg of oestradiol-17β IM and an intravaginal progesterone-releasing insert (CIDR) containing 1.9g of progesterone at random stages of the oestrous cycle (designated Day 0). From Day 4 to 8, heifers received a total of 200mg of NIH-follicle-stimulating hormone-P1 administered intramuscularly through 9 injections of decreasing doses (from 50 to 10mg) at 12-h intervals. On Day 7, heifers received 2 injections of 500µg of cloprostenol, a PGF2α analogue, at ~6-h intervals, after which intravaginal inserts were removed. Artificial insemination was performed on Day 10, 12h after treatment with 100µg of gonadotropin-releasing hormone IM. Embryos were flushed from the uterus of donor heifers 6 days after AI. The method consisted of simultaneously using 1 catheter per uterine horn. Catheters were maintained in place to perform 2 flushes 1h apart. A total of 1L of flushing medium was used, 700 and 300mL for the first and the second flush, respectively. Embryos were assessed for viability immediately after collection using the IETS classification. Heifers were divided into 2 groups (PPG and control group). From Day 4 to 14 of the superovulation protocol, PPG group received a daily dose of 400mL of a 66.7% propylene glycol solution, whereas the control group received the same amount of water. Two months later, the same experiment was conducted by inverting the groups. At Day 4 and 14, four blood samples were collected to measure insulin and IGF-1 at 25-min intervals. The first sample (0) was taken before heifers received PPG or water. Insulin was analysed using an ELISA kit following manufacturer’s instructions, whereas IGF-1 was determined using a chemiluminescence immunoassay. Embryo associated data were analysed using t-test. Both IGF-1 and insulin data were analysed using a two-way ANOVA, followed by Bonferroni post-hoc test. Treatment with PPG had no effect on the number of transferable embryos (8±5.1v. 7±5.5), degenerated embryos (0.5±0.8v. 1.5±2.4), or unfertilized oocytes (0.3±0.7v. 0.7±1.2) recovered. There was also no effect of PPG on IGF-1 serum concentrations at the beginning (Day 4) or the end (Day 14) of the treatment regimen. However, PPG treatment enhanced (P = 0.02) serum insulin concentrations 50min after administration on Day 4 (10.69 v. 6.88 pmol/L), as well as at 25 (19.58 v. 9.64 pmol/L) and 50min (16.67v. 8.21 pmol/L) on Day 14. It has been suggested that PPG metabolism may stimulate insulin and IGF-1 secretion, which can promote embryo development. However, in the present study, there was no effect of oral doses of PPG on IGF-1. Although higher serum concentrations of insulin were observed after PPG treatment, there was no effect of PPG treatment on the number of transferable embryos recovered following superovulation.

Effects of periparturient systemic treatment with penethamate hydriodide on udder health and milk yield of dairy heifers

2007 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 392-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Kreiger ◽  
Gabriele M Friton ◽  
Johannes Hofer ◽  
Klemens Fuchs ◽  
Petra Winter
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Intramammary Infections ◽  
Dairy Heifers

Sixty dairy heifers from seven Austrian herds, with high prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus mastitis, were used in this pilot study. Heifers were randomly allocated to two groups. The treatment group received at parturition intramuscularly 10 million i.u. of penethamate hydriodide and then 24 h later, 5 million i.u.; the control group received no treatment. Bacteriological examination was conducted on 7, 14, 21, 35 and 49 d post partum (pp) and milk yield data, fat and protein contents and SCC data were collected every 5th week for the first 200 d of lactation. Occurrence of retained placenta and endometritis were recorded, and the days open of both groups were compared. No effect was observed on the postparturient genital tract health and reproduction indicators. On day 7 pp, four intramammary infections (IMI; two severe clinical; one mild clinical; and one subclinical mastitis) were detected in the untreated control group, whereas there were no IMI in the antibiotic-treated group. At subsequent samplings, there were fewer IMI in the antibiotic-treated group, which were later in lactation, less severe and less persistent. Although SCC was numerically lower in the treatment group, significant differences in SCC between groups could not be detected. Antibiotic-treated heifers produced significantly more milk during the first 15 weeks of lactation than untreated heifers. Over the whole observation period (200 d), peripartum antibiotic-treated heifers produced 323 kg more milk than heifers in the untreated control. Periparturient antibiotic treatment of heifers with penethamate hydriodide prevented IMI during the first week after parturition and achieved a significant increase in milk yield, which was found to be economically beneficial.

Long-term treadmill training ameliorates endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation mediated by insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 in hypertension

2015 ◽  
Vol 119 (6) ◽  
pp. 663-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Yuan Lin ◽  
Shin-Da Lee ◽  
Chia-Ting Su ◽  
Tsung-Lin Cheng ◽  
Ai-Lun Yang
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Insulin Receptor ◽  
Treadmill Training ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Nos Inhibitors

Dysfunction of insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is associated with the pathophysiology of hypertension. The influence of long-term exercise on vascular dysfunction caused by hypertension remains unclear. We investigated whether long-term treadmill training improved insulin- and IGF-1-mediated vasorelaxation in hypertensive rats. Eight-week-old male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were randomly divided into sedentary and exercise (SHR-EX) groups. The SHR-EX group was trained on a treadmill for 60 min/day, 5 days/wk, for 8 wk. Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) were used as the normal control group. After training, aortic insulin- and IGF-1-mediated vasorelaxation was evaluated in organ baths. Additionally, the roles of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), nitric oxide synthase (NOS), and aortic protein expression were examined in the three groups. Compared with sedentary SHR and WKY groups, insulin- and IGF-1-mediated vasorelaxation was significantly enhanced to a nearly normal level in the SHR-EX group. After endothelial denudation, blunted and comparable vasorelaxation was found among the three groups. Pretreatment with selective PI3K and NOS inhibitors attenuated insulin- and IGF-1-mediated vasorelaxation, and no significant difference was found among the three groups after the pretreatment. The aortic protein levels of the insulin receptor (IR), IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R), insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), and endothelial NOS (eNOS) were also significantly increased in the SHR-EX group compared with the other two groups. These results suggested that treadmill training elicited the amelioration of endothelium-dependent insulin/IGF-1-mediated vasorelaxation partly via the increased activation of PI3K and NOS, as well as the enhancement of protein levels of IR, IGF-1R, IRS-1, and eNOS, in hypertension.

Effects of elevated blood insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) concentration upon IGF-I in bovine mammary secretions during the colostrum phase

1993 ◽  
Vol 137 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Hadsell ◽  
C. R. Baumrucker ◽  
R. S. Kensinger
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Nutrient Restriction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Entire Treatment Period ◽  
Factor I ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Growth Factor I ◽  
Serum Gh

ABSTRACT The objectives of these studies were to determine if the concentration of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) in mammary colostrum secretions could be altered through manipulation of IGF-I concentrations in blood and to compare the temporal changes of IGF-I in mammary secretions to those occurring for IgG1. Milking of 15 pregnant Holstein cows was stopped at 8 weeks prepartum and they were randomly assigned to one of three treatments. A control (C) treatment consisted of feeding the animals 100% of NRC requirements for protein and energy. A second group of cows was fed as the control group and injected with 1·8 μmol bovine GH/day. The third group was fed at 70% of NRC requirements for protein and energy to cause a moderate nutrient restriction (NR). Body weight was measured weekly. Blood was collected by tail venepuncture at 4 h intervals for 24 h. Mammary secretions were collected and pooled among contralateral front and rear quarters (diagonal) for measurement of volume, IGF-I and IgG1 concentrations. Samples were collected at −7, −5, −2, 0 and 1 week postpartum. Cows on the NR treatment failed to gain weight during the dry period compared with C cows (P < 0·05). Blood GH and IGF-I concentrations (P > 0·1) were unaffected by NR treatment. Cows treated with GH had higher (P < 0·01) serum GH and IGF-I levels throughout the entire treatment period, and higher serum IgG1 at 5 and 2 weeks prepartum (P < 0·01). Total mass of IGF-I secreted per diagonal averaged 3·6-fold greater for GH-treated cows during the prepartum period than C and NR cows (P < 0·01). The concentration of IGF-I in mammary secretions was not affected by treatment during the prepartum period, but was 40% greater (P < 0·05) in GH-treated cows than C and NR cows at parturition. Analysis of a selective index comparing IGF-I secretion with that of IgG1 suggested that IGF-I does not enter mammary secretions by passive diffusion from blood. Journal of Endocrinology (1993) 137, 223–230

scholarly journals The Evaluation of QT Intervals During Diagnosis and After Follow-Up in Acromegaly Patients

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Husniye Baser ◽  
Nihal Akar Bayram ◽  
Burcak Polat ◽  
Berna Evranos ◽  
Reyhan Ersoy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Qt Dispersion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Clinical Predictors ◽  
Qt Intervals ◽  
Prolonged Qt

<p><strong>Introduction:</strong> It was aimed to calculate QT intervals in patients with acromegaly and to reveal its correlation between QT intervals, and growth hormone and insulin like growth factor-1.<br /><strong>Material and Methods:</strong> Forty-one patients with acromegaly were enrolled into the study. Another 41 individuals with similar features, such as comorbid diseases, age and sex constituted the control group. The electrocardiographies of patients with acromegaly were evaluated at the baseline and after the follow- up. Only one electrocardiography was performed for controls. QT maximum, QT minimum, QT dispersion, corrected QT maximum, corrected QT minimum and corrected QT dispersion were calculated.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> Baseline QT maximum, QT dispersion, corrected QT maximum and corrected QT dispersion were significantly longer than the values of controls. Corrected QT maximum and corrected QT dispersion were significantly shorter after the follow-up, compared to the baseline in patients. QT maximum, QT dispersion, corrected QT maximum and corrected QT dispersion after the follow-up were not statistically different from the values of controls. Except the negative correlation between growth hormone and corrected QT dispersion in patients after the follow-up, no other correlation was detected between QT values and growth hormone or insulin like growth factor-1 levels. Corrected QT dispersion was found to be related with the disease duration in patients.<br /><strong>Discussion:</strong> For acromegaly patients, it is important to detect clinical predictors of cardiac arrhytmias. QT dispersion is considered a beneficial predictor for ventricular arrhytmias. When compared to controls, prolonged QT intervals were determined in our acromegalic patients.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> We consider that QT intervals may also be utilized in the evaluation of increased cardiovascular risk in patients with<br />acromegaly.<br /><strong>Keywords:</strong> Acromegaly; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Electrocardiography; Heart Rate.</p>

A homologous radioimmunoassay for ovine insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-2: ontogenesis and the response to growth hormone, placental lactogen and insulin-like growth factor-I treatment in sheep

1995 ◽  
Vol 144 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
B W Gallaher ◽  
B H Breier ◽  
W F Blum ◽  
S N McCutcheon ◽  
P D Gluckman
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Placental Lactogen ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Factor Binding ◽  
Igf I

Abstract Although insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-2 (IGFBP-2) is an abundant IGFBP in fetal and postnatal plasma, its regulation is not yet clearly understood. To address this question in sheep, we purified ovine IGFBP-2 and developed a homologous radioimmunoassay. We have studied its ontogenesis and measured serum concentrations of ovine IGFBP-2 after bovine growth hormone (bGH), ovine placental lactogen (oPL) and IGF-I treatment. Concentrations of IGFBP-2 were high at 125 days of gestation (550 ± 15 μg/l) but fell after birth P<0·05) and plateaued after 1 year of age (340 ± 20 μg/l). In lactating ewes, bGH treatment for 7 days significantly reduced (21%; P<0·05) IGFBP-2 relative to the saline-treated group. Similarly, in neonatal lambs, bGH treatment from day 3 to day 23 of life reduced (P<0·05) IGFBP-2 by 23% relative to the saline-treated group. oPL had no effect on serum levels of IGFBP-2 in the ewe or the neonatal lamb. In well-fed yearling lambs, treatment with IGF-I reduced IGFBP-2 values by 27% (P<0·05) relative to control animals. In yearling lambs, reduced nutrition increased plasma IGFBP-2 (41%; P<0·05). However this increase was abolished by IGF-I treatment. The changes in plasma levels of IGFBP-2 were positively related to changes in IGF-II while there was a negative relationship between circulating IGF-I and IGFBP-2 such that both IGF-I and IGF-II may play a role in the regulation of IGFBP-2 in serum. Journal of Endocrinology (1995) 144, 75–82

312 EFFECTS OF TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR ALPHA AND INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR 1 SUPPLEMENTATION ON IN VITRO MATURATION OF CANINE OOCYTES

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 245
Author(s):  
A. Sato ◽  
B. Sarentonglaga ◽  
K. Ogata ◽  
M. Yamaguchi ◽  
A. Hara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Oocyte Maturation ◽  
In Vitro Maturation ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Germinal Vesicle ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Treatment Groups

Although in vitro maturation (IVM) of oocytes has been successfully established for many species, the efficiency of IVM in canine oocytes is still very low. As growth factors have been shown to promote oocyte maturation in some species, we investigated whether use of transforming growth factor α (TGF-a) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) might overcome the difficulties of achieving meiotic maturation in cultured canine cumulus-oocyte complexes (COC). Ovaries were obtained from bitches at 6 months to 7 years of age by ovariohysterectomy and were sliced repeatedly to release COC. In the first experiment, the COC were cultured at 38.8°C for 48 h in 5% CO2 in air in medium 199 supplemented with either TGF-a (0, 1, 10, or 100 ng mL–1) or IGF-1 (0, 0.5, 5, 10, or 50 µg mL–1). In the second experiment, the synergistic effect of TGF-a and IGF-1 was investigated by culturing COC in medium 199 supplemented with both TGF-a (0, 1, 10, or 100 ng mL–1) and IGF-1 (0, 0.5, 5, 10, or 50 µg mL–1). At the end of the culture period, the oocytes were denuded of cumulus cells by pipetting with a fine bore glass pipette; the denuded oocytes were then fixed in Carnoy's solution and stained with Hoechst 33342. The nuclear configuration and chromatin morphology of the oocytes were evaluated under confocal laser scanning microscopy. The cells were assigned to 1 of the following meiotic stages: germinal vesicle (GV), germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD), metaphase I (MI), or metaphase II (MII). Data were analysed by ANOVA with Fisher's PLSD test. In experiment 1, no significant difference were observed in the rates of cells maturing to the MI and MII stages, but that in the 10 ng mL–1 of TGF-a group (56.3%) were larger than in the other treatment groups (38.8–51.0%). The frequencies of MII stage cells in the 5, 10, and 50 µg mL–1 of IGF-1 treatment groups (9.8, 13.3, and 12.2%, respectively) were significantly higher than in the 0.5 µg mL–1 of IGF-1 group and the control group (5.3 and 2.2%, respectively). In experiment 2, the frequency of MI and MII cells in the control, 1 ng mL–1 of TGF-a plus 0.5 µg mL–1 of IGF-1, 10 ng mL–1 of TGF-a plus 5 µg mL–1 of IGF-1, 10 ng mL–1 of TGF-a plus 10 µg mL–1 of IGF-1, and 100 ng mL–1 of TGF-a plus 50 µg mL–1 of IGF-1 group were 44.1, 36.1, 63.5, 70.8, and 50.8%, respectively. The frequency of MII cells in the control group and the same treatment groups were 2.8, 7.2, 10.4, 15.3, and 10.8%, respectively. Both frequencies in the 10 ng mL–1 of TGF-a plus 10 µg mL–1 of IGF-1 group were significantly higher than in the control group. The TGF-a may act in a paracrine fashion on the surrounding granulosa cells, and IGF-1 may play multiple roles in cellular metabolism, proliferation, growth, and differentiation in canine oocyte maturation, as has been reported for many other species. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that a synergistic effect between TGF-a and IGF-1 produces an increased rate of in vitro maturation to the MI and MII stages in canine oocytes.

Milk production, peripartal liver triglyceride concentration and plasma metabolites of dairy cows fed diets supplemented with calcium soaps or hydrogenated triglycerides of palm oil

2009 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland G Karcagi ◽  
Tibor Gaál ◽  
Piroska Ribiczey ◽  
Gyula Huszenicza ◽  
Ferenc Husvéth
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Plasma Metabolites ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Liver Triglyceride

The aim of the study was to test the effect of rumen-inert fat supplements of different chemical forms or containing different unsaturated/saturated (U/S) fatty acid contents on milk production, milk composition and liver and blood metabolic variables of high-yielding dairy cows in the peripartal period. Thirty Holstein-Friesian dairy cows were divided into three equal groups and fed a corn silage-based diet, without fat supplementation (control) or supplemented with 11·75 MJ NEl per day of calcium soaps of palm oil fatty acids (CAS; U/S=61/39) or with 11·75 MJ NEl per day of hydrogenated palm oil triglyceride (HTG; U/S=6/94). Each diet was fed from 25±2 d prior to the expected calving to 100±5 d post partum. Compared with the control, both CAS and HTG supplementation resulted in an increase of the average milk yield. Milk fat content and fat-corrected milk yield were higher in the HTG group but lower in the CAS group than in the control group. In all groups liver triglyceride concentrations (TGL) increased from 15 d prepartum to 5 d post partum, and then decreased thereafter. At 5 d TGL was lower in the HTG group than control or CAS cows. No significant differences were detected in TGL among dietary treatments at 15 d prepartum and 25 d post partum. Higher plasma glucose and insulin and lower non-esterified fattay acids and β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations and aspartate aminotransferase activity were measured in the HTG group than in the control or CAS groups at 5 d or 25 d post partum. Our results show that HTG may provide a better energy supply for high-yielding dairy cows in negative energy balance than CAS around calving.

Effect of dietary extruded linseed, verbascoside and vitamin E supplements on yield and quality of milk in Lacaune ewes

2014 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donato Casamassima ◽  
Maria Nardoia ◽  
Marisa Palazzo ◽  
Francesco Vizzarri ◽  
Angela Gabriella D‘Alessandro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tbars Level ◽  
Homogeneous Groups ◽  
Yield And Quality

Milk yield and milk qualitative parameters were evaluated in Lacaune ewes on a diet supplemented with extruded linseed, verbascoside and vitamin E. A 98 d-trial was conducted on 44 ewes and started 40±2 d post partum. The animals were divided into four homogeneous groups of eleven animals each; one control group (CON) without extruded linseed and dietary supplements, and the diet of the other three experimental groups was enhanced with extruded linseed (L group), extruded linseed-verbascoside (LVB group), and extruded linseed-verbascoside-vitamin E (LVBE group). All animals individually received an isoenergetic diet, consisting of 700 g concentrated feed and meadow hay ad libitum. Body weight, body condition score, milk yield and milk qualitative parameters were assessed. LVB and LVBE groups resulted in a significant improvement (P<0·05) in milk yield due to the verbascoside supplementation. The extruded linseed supplementation L, LVB and LVBE groups produced a milk fat increase and a better milk fatty acid profile in terms of a higher monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) content and a reduced saturated fatty acid (SFA) content, a lower n-6/n-3 ratio and atherogenic and thrombogenic index. The dietary verbascoside supplementation in the LVB and LVBE group resulted in a better milk quality due to the low cholesterol level and higher vitamin A and E contents, in addition to an increased oxidative stability highlighted by the lower thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) level. Thus, the addition of extruded linseed and verbascoside supplements improved milk yield and quality both from a chemical and nutritive point of view.

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