scholarly journals Administration of a live culture ofLactococcus lactisDPC 3147 into the bovine mammary gland stimulates the local host immune response, particularlyIL-1β andIL-8gene expression

2009 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 340-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Beecher ◽  
Mairéad Daly ◽  
Donagh P Berry ◽  
Katja Klostermann ◽  
James Flynn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Immune Gene ◽  
Pronounced Increase ◽  
Post Infusion ◽  
Local Host ◽  
Live Culture

Mastitis is one of the most costly diseases to the dairy farming industry. Conventional antibiotic therapy is often unsatisfactory for successful treatment of mastitis and alternative treatments are continually under investigation. We have previously demonstrated, in two separate field trials, that a probiotic culture,Lactococcus lactisDPC 3147, was comparable to antibiotic therapy to treat bovine mastitis. To understand the mode of action of this therapeutic, we looked at the detailed immune response of the host to delivery of this live strain directly into the mammary gland of six healthy dairy cows. All animals elicited signs of udder inflammation 7 h post infusion. At this time, clots were visible in the milk of all animals in the investigation. The most pronounced increase in immune gene expression was observed inInterleukin(IL)-1β andIL-8, with highest expression corresponding to peaks in somatic cell count. Infusion with a live culture of aLc. lactisleads to a rapid and considerable innate immune response.

Intramammary infusion of a live culture for treatment of bovine mastitis: effect of live lactococci on the mammary immune response

2008 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 374-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona Crispie ◽  
Mercedes Alonso-Gómez ◽  
Collette O'Loughlin ◽  
Katja Klostermann ◽  
James Flynn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Lactococcus Lactis ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Initial Field ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Probiotic Treatment ◽  
Post Infusion ◽  
Live Culture

In the accompanying article, we demonstrated that a live culture ofLactococcus lactiscompares favourably with antibiotics for treatment of bovine mastitis in two initial field trials. In an effort to explain the mechanism involved, this study investigated the effect of culture administration on the local immune response. In this respect we initially observed that infusion of the live cultureLactococcus lactisstimulated substantial recruitment of polymorphonucleocytes (PMN) and lymphocytes to the udder. For instance, in one assay, quarters infused with the probiotic experienced a dramatic increase (~20 000-fold) in neutrophils over the first 48-h period from an average value of 83·6 cells/ml pre-treatment to 1·78×106 cells/ml 48 h post-infusion. Levels of the acute phase proteins haptaglobin and milk amyloid A were also elevated significantly in comparison with controls following infusion of the culture. The results of flow cytometric assays also demonstrated that while infusion of a live lactococcal culture led to an enhanced recruitment of PMN to the udder (from 1·85×104 cells/ml pre-infusion to 1·45×106 cells/ml 24 h post-infusion) cell-free supernatant from the same culture was not able to do so, indicating that liveLc. lactiscan specifically trigger the mammary immune response to elicit PMN accumulation. These results suggest that the mechanism responsible for this probiotic treatment of mastitis is associated with stimulation of the host intramammary immune system.

scholarly journals Regulatory Network of MiRNAs, IncRNAs, Transcription Factors and Target Genes Associated With Immune Response in Bovine Mastitis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley R. Tucker ◽  
Nicole A. Salazar ◽  
Adeola O. Ayoola ◽  
Erdoğan Memili ◽  
Bolaji N. Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Drug Targets ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Immune Gene ◽  
Pathway Analyses

Abstract Background: Bovine mastitis is a mammary gland infectious disease caused by a variety of pathogens with a devasting economic impact worldwide. Pre- and post-transcriptional modifications, including transcription factors (TFs), altering gene expression are emerging foci of disease studies, with minimal studies revealing the importance of non-coding transcripts, like long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs). We hypothesize TFs, lncRNAs and miRNAs can modulate the immune response in bovine mastitis and can potentially serve as disease biomarkers and/or drug targets.Methods: With computational analyses, we aimed to identify candidate bovine mastitis genes and construct the networks of miRNA, lncRNA and TFs regulating the gene’s mRNA, affecting disease pathogenesis. Experimentally validated genes associated with bovine mastitis were obtained through an extensive search for significantly mentioned genes, utilizing several databases. Prediction of miRNA and lncRNA binding bovine mastitis candidate genes were performed through several algorithms and software that relied on base pair complementation, evolutionary conservation, and thermodynamic stability of binding regions. Combined interactome network of lncRNAs, miRNAs, TFs and immune gene targets were constructed.Results: Sixteen of 923 genes were found to be highly significant in bovine mastitis disease pathway including, CD4, IL-10, IFNγ, IL-4, TLR4, TNFα, and CD14. Remarkably, we found six miRNAs, two being bta-miR-223 and bta-miR-24-3p, to bind to several targets. Eight out of 22 lncRNA, such as NONBTAT027932.1 and XR_003029725.1, were identified as regulatory elements that target the genes based on the normalized binding free energies ranging from -0.1774 to -2.875. Similarly identified were 17 TFs, including JUN and CREB. Our functional and pathway analyses revealed several pathways like lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway, regulation of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 production and regulation of IL-23 production among others. Conclusions: The overarching interactome in this study is the first of its kind regarding bovine mastitis, deserving further in vitro/in vivo explication for specific molecular regulatory mechanisms during bovine mastitis immune response, which could lay the foundation for development of disease markers and therapeutic intervention.

Intramammary infusion of a live culture ofLactococcus lactisfor treatment of bovine mastitis: comparison with antibiotic treatment in field trials

2008 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja Klostermann ◽  
Fiona Crispie ◽  
James Flynn ◽  
R Paul Ross ◽  
Colin Hill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Live Culture

A treatment containing a live food-grade organism,Lactococcus lactisDPC3147, was compared with conventional antibiotic therapy for its potential to treat bovine chronic subclinical or clinical mastitis in two separate field trials. Effects on disease symptoms and bacteriology were monitored in response to infusion with the culture in each trial. In the first trial, the live culture treatment was compared with an intramammary antibiotic (n=11 quarters for each treatment). Results from this small trial demonstrated that the live culture had potential to be as effective at eliminating chronic subclinical infections as an antibiotic treatment. By day 12, 7 of the 11 quarters treated with the live culture were pathogen-free compared with 5 of the 11 antibiotic-treated infected quarters. Somatic cell counts (SCC) remained relatively unchanged regardless of treatment: average log SCC pre- and post-treatment in the lactococci-treated group were 6·33±0·41 (day 0) and 6·27±0·43 cells/ml (day 12) and average log SCC pre- and post-treatment in the antibiotic-treated group were 6·34±0·37 and 6·22±0·46 cells/ml on day 0 and on day 12, respectively. In the second trial, the live culture was compared with an intramammary antibiotic for the treatment of naturally occurring clinical mastitis cases (n=25 quarters for each treatment). Following a 14-d experimental period, similar bacteriological responses were observed in 7 out of 25 live culture treated quarters and 9 out of 25 antibiotic-treated quarters. Additionally, 15 of 25 cases treated with the culture and 18 of 25 cases treated with the antibiotic did not exhibit clinical signs of the disease following treatment. The results of these trials suggest that live culture treatment withLc. lactisDPC3147 may be as efficacious as common antibiotic treatments in some instances.

scholarly journals Mammary Gland Pathology Subsequent to Acute Infection with Strong versus Weak Biofilm Forming Staphylococcus aureus Bovine Mastitis Isolates: A Pilot Study Using Non-Invasive Mouse Mastitis Model

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. e0170668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jully Gogoi-Tiwari ◽  
Vincent Williams ◽  
Charlene Babra Waryah ◽  
Paul Costantino ◽  
Hani Al-Salami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Non Invasive

Bovine mammary epithelial cells, initiators of innate immune responses to mastitis

2005 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 757 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Gray ◽  
Y. Strandberg ◽  
L. Donaldson ◽  
R. L. Tellam
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Mammary Epithelial Cells ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Mammary Epithelial ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Mammary Tissue ◽  
Effector Cells ◽  
Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells

Innate immunity plays a vital role in the protection of the bovine mammary gland against mastitis. Until recently, the migration of effector cells such as neutrophils and monocytes into the mammary gland was thought to provide the only defence against invading pathogens. However, mammary epithelial cells may also play an important role in the immune response, contributing to the innate defence of the mammary tissue through secretion of antimicrobial peptides and attraction of circulating immune effector cells. This paper reviews the innate immune pathways in mammary epithelial cells and examines their role in the initiation of an innate immune response to Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

Diffuse sclerosing papillary carcinoma of the thyroid gland: immunohistochemical analysis of the local host immune response

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 427-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. GÓMEZ-MORALES ◽  
T. ALVARO ◽  
M. MUÑOZ ◽  
R. GARCIA DEL MORAL ◽  
D. AGUILAR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Papillary Carcinoma ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Host Immune Response ◽  
Local Host
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