Risk factors of teat-end hyperkeratosis and its association with udder health in dairy ewes

2018 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sotiria Vouraki ◽  
Athanasios I. Gelasakis ◽  
Ian J. Rose ◽  
Georgios Arsenos
Keyword(s):  
Health Problems ◽  
Dairy Sheep ◽  
Vacuum Level ◽  
Udder Health ◽  
Dairy Ewes ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Pulsation Rate ◽  
Level Increase ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
On Farm

This study tested the hypotheses that machine milked dairy sheep have a high prevalence of teat-end hyperkeratosis (TEH), which contributes to udder health problems. A random sample of 1360 milking ewes from 28 dairy sheep farms was monitored. Milking procedures, milking parlour characteristics and maintenance were recorded during a designated on farm audit; records were obtained through observations and interviews with farmers. Number of ewes/milker, ewes/milking unit and milkings/milking unit were calculated. Vacuum level, pulsation rate and ratio were measured. Four combinations of vacuum level and pulsation rate were defined; <40 kPa and <150 cycles/min (VP1), <40 kPa and ≥150 cycles/min (VP2), ≥40 kPa and <150 cycles/min (VP3), ≥40 kPa and ≥150 cycles/min (VP4). California Mastitis Test (CMT; scores 0–4) was done on all ewes. Then the udder of each ewe was assessed for TEH (scores 1–4) and ewes were assigned into three groups according to TEH severity (no or mild, medium and severe TEH). Severe TEH (scores 3 and 4) prevalence at teat-level was ca. 13%. TEH severity was associated with the combination of vacuum level and pulsation rate; ewes milked with VP4 combination were more likely to have a one-level increase on TEH severity compared to ewes milked with VP2 and VP3 combinations. More ewes/milker and less ewes/milking unit increased the likelihood of a one-level increase on TEH severity. Finally, ewes with severe TEH were more likely to have a one-level increase on CMT score. Therefore, our hypotheses that TEH is prevalent in dairy ewes and contributes to udder health problems were confirmed. Additionally, farmers can reduce TEH prevalence by optimising the way they milk and their milking parlour.

scholarly journals Influence of Vacuum Level and Overmilking on Udder Health and Teat Thickness Changes in Dairy Ewes

2003 ◽  
Vol 86 (12) ◽  
pp. 3891-3898 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Peris ◽  
J.R. Díaz ◽  
S. Balasch ◽  
M.C. Beltrán ◽  
M.P. Molina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vacuum Level ◽  
Udder Health ◽  
Dairy Ewes

scholarly journals Influence of Pulsation Rate on Udder Health and Teat Thickness Changes in Dairy Ewes

2003 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 530-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Peris ◽  
J.R. Díaz ◽  
C. Segura ◽  
A. Martí ◽  
N. Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Udder Health ◽  
Dairy Ewes ◽  
Pulsation Rate

On-farm udder health monitoring

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (02) ◽  
pp. 95-100
Author(s):  
J. C. van Veersen ◽  
O. Sampimon ◽  
R. G. Olde Riekerink ◽  
T. J. G. Lam
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Health Data ◽  
Control Points ◽  
Udder Health ◽  
Critical Control Points ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Clinical Problems

SummaryIn this article an on-farm monitoring approach on udder health is presented. Monitoring of udder health consists of regular collection and analysis of data and of the regular evaluation of management practices. The ultimate goal is to manage critical control points in udder health management, such as hygiene, body condition, teat ends and treatments, in such a way that results (udder health parameters) are always optimal. Mastitis, however, is a multifactorial disease, and in real life it is not possible to fully prevent all mastitis problems. Therefore udder health data are also monitored with the goal to pick up deviations before they lead to (clinical) problems. By quantifying udder health data and management, a farm is approached as a business, with much attention for efficiency, thought over processes, clear agreements and goals, and including evaluation of processes and results. The whole approach starts with setting SMART (Specific, Measurable, Acceptable, Realistic, Time-bound) goals, followed by an action plan to realize these goals.

scholarly journals Impact of On-Farm Interventions against CTX-Resistant Escherichia coli on the Contamination of Carcasses before and during an Experimental Slaughter

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 228
Author(s):  
Michaela Projahn ◽  
Jana Sachsenroeder ◽  
Guido Correia-Carreira ◽  
Evelyne Becker ◽  
Annett Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Contamination ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
On Farm ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Slow Growing

Cefotaxime (CTX)-resistant Enterobacteriaceae are still an ongoing challenge in human and veterinary health. High prevalence of these resistant bacteria is detected in broiler chickens and the prevention of their dissemination along the production pyramid is of major concern. The impact of certain on-farm interventions on the external bacterial contamination of broiler chickens, as well as their influence on single processing steps and (cross-) contamination, have not yet been evaluated. Therefore, we investigated breast skin swab samples of broiler chickens before and during slaughter at an experimental slaughter facility. Broiler chickens were previously challenged with CTX-resistant Escherichia coli strains in a seeder-bird model and subjected to none (control group (CG)) or four different on-farm interventions: drinking water supplementation based on organic acids (DW), slow growing breed Rowan × Ranger (RR), reduced stocking density (25 kg/sqm) and competitive exclusion with Enterobacteriales strain IHIT36098(CE). Chickens of RR, 25 kg/sqm, and CE showed significant reductions of the external contamination compared to CG. The evaluation of a visual scoring system indicated that wet and dirty broiler chickens are more likely a vehicle for the dissemination of CTX-resistant and total Enterobacteriaceae into the slaughterhouses and contribute to higher rates of (cross-) contamination during processing.

scholarly journals Llama and Alpaca Management in Germany—Results of an Online Survey among Owners on Farm Structure, Health Problems and Self-Reflection

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 102
Author(s):  
Saskia Neubert ◽  
Alexandra von Altrock ◽  
Michael Wendt ◽  
Matthias Gerhard Wagener
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
South American ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
South American Camelids ◽  
Feeding Management ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
On Farm

An online survey of llama and alpaca owners was used to collect data on the population, husbandry, feeding, management measures and health problems. A total of 255 questionnaires were evaluated. In total, 55.1% of the owners had started keeping South American camelids within the last six years. The majority managed small farms with fewer than 15 animals (66.4% of 250 farms). More than half of the participants stated that they kept the camelids as hobby animals (64.3%), although they used them for wool production (55.7%) and/or for breeding (51.8%). Vaccination and deworming were carried out on more than 80% of the farms. The most common diseases occurring on the farms were endo- and ectoparasites. A total of 55.3% of the owners estimated their own knowledge of South American camelids as good, 14.5% as very good. In contrast, more than half of the owners agreed little or not at all with the statement that veterinarians generally have sufficient knowledge about South American camelids. Further research is needed to include veterinarians’ perspectives and thus optimise animal husbandry.

scholarly journals Mental Health in Children with Cerebral Palsy: Does Screening Capture the Complexity?

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Bjorgaas ◽  
I. Elgen ◽  
T. Boe ◽  
M. Hysing
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Health Screening ◽  
Mental Health Screening ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Children With Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Bergen Child Study

Introduction. Children with cerebral palsy (CP), one of the most common childhood neurological disorders, often have associated medical and psychological symptoms. This study assesses mental health problems compared to population controls and the ability of a mental health screening tool to predict psychiatric disorders and to capture the complexity of coexisting symptoms.Methods. Children with CP (N=47) were assessed according to DSM-IV criteria using a psychiatric diagnostic instrument (Kiddie-SADS) and a mental health screening questionnaire (SDQ). Participants from the Bergen Child Study, a large epidemiological study, served as controls.Results. Children with CP had significantly higher means on all problem scores including impact scores. Two in three children scored above 90th percentile cutoff on Total Difficulties Score (TDS), and 57% met criteria for a psychiatric disorder, yielding a sensitivity of 0.85 and a specificity of 0.55. Mental health problems coexisted across symptom scales, and peer problems were highly prevalent in all groups of psychiatric disorders.Conclusion. A high prevalence of mental health problems and cooccurrence of symptoms were found in children with CP compared to controls. Screening with SDQ detects mental health problems, but does not predict specific disorders in children with CP. ADHD is common, but difficult to diagnose due to complexity of symptoms. Mental health services integrated in regular followup of children with CP are recommended due to high prevalence and considerable overlap of mental health symptoms.

On-farm culture and pathogen identification: risks and benefits

Livestock ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 268-273
Author(s):  
Al Manning
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Selective Treatment ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Streptococcus Uberis ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Implementation Studies ◽  
International Experts ◽  
On Farm ◽  
The Impact ◽  
High Bulk

Selective treatment of clinical mastitis cases based on the results of on-farm culture (OFC) has been suggested by several international experts. It is based on the theory that mastitis cases caused by Gram-negative species has high resolution rates, and those that do not resolve respond poorly to therapy. Several peer-reviewed studies have evaluated the accuracy of different OFC test kits, which are between 60–85% accurate at identifying Gram-positive pathogens. Implementation studies consistently show a reduction in antimicrobial use, although further research across larger populations is needed to assess the impact on mastitis cure. Any OFC protocol should be regularly reviewed with the herd veterinarian. Herds with a high bulk cell count, a high prevalence of Gram-positive pathogens (e.g. Streptococcus uberis), or with a high prevalence of Klebsiella spp. should carefully consider the impact of deferred or withholding treatment on mastitis cure.

scholarly journals Milk Urea Concentration in Dairy Sheep: Accounting for Dietary Energy Concentration

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria Giovanetti ◽  
Filippo Boe ◽  
Mauro Decandia ◽  
Giovanni Cristoforo Bomboi ◽  
Alberto Stanislao Atzori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mean Squared Error ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Urea Concentration ◽  
Energy Concentration ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Dairy Sheep ◽  
Dairy Ewes ◽  
Milk Urea

In dairy sheep milk urea concentration (MUC) is highly and positively correlated with dietary crude protein (CP) content and, to a lesser extent, with protein intake. However, the effect of dietary energy and carbohydrate sources on MUC of lactating ewes is not clear. Thus, the objective of this study was to assess the effects of diets differing in energy concentration and carbohydrate sources on MUC values in lactating dairy ewes. Two experiments were conducted (experiment 1, E1, and experiment 2, E2) on Sarda ewes in mid and late lactation kept in metabolic cages for 23 d. In both experiments, homogeneous groups of five ewes were submitted to four (in E1) or three (in E2) dietary treatments, consisting of pelleted diets ranging from low energy (high-fiber diets: 1.2–1.4 Mcal of net energy for lactation (NEL)) to high energy (high-starch diets: 1.7–1.9 Mcal of NEL) contents, but with a similar CP concentration (18.4% dry matter (DM), on average). Each diet had a different main ingredient as follows: corn flakes, barley meal, beet pulp, or corn cobs in E1 and corn meal, dehydrated alfalfa, or soybean hulls in E2. Regression analysis using treatment means from both experiments showed that the best predictor of MUC (mg/100 mL) was the dietary NEL (Mcal/kg DM, MUC = 127.6 − 51.2 × NEL, R2 = 0.85, root of the mean squared error (rmse) = 4.36, p < 0.001) followed by the ratio CP/NEL (g/Mcal, MUC = −14.9 + 0.5 × CP/ NEL, R2 = 0.83, rmse = 4.63, p < 0.001). A meta-regression of an extended database on stall-fed dairy ewes, including the E1 and E2 experimental data (n = 44), confirmed the predictive value of the CP/ NEL ratio, which resulted as the best single predictor of MUC (MUC = −13.7 + 0.5 × CP/NEL, R2 = 0.93, rmse = 3.30, p < 0.001), followed by dietary CP concentration (MUC = −20.7 + 3.7 × CP, R2 = 0.82, rmse = 4.89, p < 0.001). This research highlights that dietary energy content plays a pivotal role in modulating the relationship between MUC and dietary CP concentration in dairy sheep.

Social care

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jo Moriarty
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Care ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Improved Outcomes ◽  
Broad Term ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Key Policy ◽  
And Control

Social care is the broad term for the support provided to people living at home and in care homes. Major changes have taken place to this sector in the past few years and this chapter describes the key policy developments that have impacted upon what support is provided to older people with mental health problems and how it is funded. The policy of personalisation is intended to increase choice and control but as yet it is unclear whether this will lead to improved outcomes in terms of quality of life or independence. Some longstanding issues such as the high prevalence of people with unidentified mental health problems in long term care continue to provide challenges for organisations providing social care support.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document