Changes of macrominerals and calcitropic hormones in serum of periparturient dairy cows subject to subclinical hypocalcaemia

2018 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuanjiang Cai ◽  
Yezi Kong ◽  
Dianjun Wu ◽  
Jianguo Wang
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Serum Magnesium ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Lower Serum ◽  
Serum Calcitonin ◽  
Dihydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Calcitropic Hormones ◽  
Peripartum Period ◽  
Subclinical Hypocalcaemia

The aims of the study reported in the Research Communication were to evaluate changes of macrominerals and major calcitropic hormone concentrations in 51 healthy dairy cows over the peripartum period, and to compare those cows with 51 cows subject to subclinical hypocalcaemia (SCH) on calving day. The results showed that serum calcium (Ca) and potassium (K) concentrations were lowest in the healthy periparturient dairy cows at parturition, while sodium (Na) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations were highest. Serum magnesium (Mg), chloride (Cl) and phosphorus (P) concentrations were highest 1 wk prepartum, however, the concentration of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] was highest 1 wk postpartum. The dairy cows with subclinical hypocalcaemia (SCH) had significantly lower serum levels of Ca, K, Na, Mg, Cl, 1,25(OH)2D3 and glucose and had significantly higher levels of serum P, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) than their healthy counterparts on calving day. However, the serum calcitonin and PTH concentrations were not significantly different between the two groups. These data demonstrated that the concentrations of macrominerals and major calcium regulating hormones of cows change dramatically over the peripartum period. Furthermore, SCH was associated with a risk of the development of ketosis and fatty liver.

scholarly journals Serum proteinogram and biochemistry of Holstein cows in the peripartum period

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 342-347
Author(s):  
Thaís G. Rocha ◽  
Camila Bortoletto ◽  
Daniela G. Silva ◽  
Kalina M.M.G. Simplício ◽  
Luiz F. Zafalon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Total Calcium ◽  
Peripartum Period

ABSTRACT: In face of the few reports found in national literature analyzing the potential influence of parturition number in serum proteinogram and biochemical profile in the peripartum period of high yielding dairy cows, the aim of the present study was to comparatively evaluate the dynamics of these serum constituents’ concentrations in blood samples obtained from primiparous and multiparous Holstein cows, 60 and 30 days prepartum and in the day of parturition. Data were analyzed by repeated measures variance analysis (ANOVA) and differences between groups and moments were analyzed by Tukey’s test. Results were considered significant when P<0.05. Parity influenced levels of total protein, albumin, globulins, magnesium, cholesterol, which were higher in multiparous cows, as well as concentrations of ceruloplasmin, total calcium, chloride and alkaline phosphatase activity, which were higher in primiparous cows. Parturition influenced serum concentrations of ceruloplasmin (+58%), transferrin (-25%), haptoglobin (+33%), total protein (-17%), globulins (-25%), immunoglobulin A (-43%), immunoglobulin G (-24%), total calcium (-12%), inorganic phosphorus (-10%), chloride (+5%), sodium (+4%), cholesterol (-23%), triglycerides (-38.6%), as well as activities of aspartate aminotransferase (+14%) and alkaline phosphatase (+28%). A decrease in serum levels of total calcium, inorganic phosphorus, cholesterol and triglycerides was more pronounced in multiparous than in primiparous cows. These results demonstrate that the interpretation of proteinogram and serum constituents should take into consideration lactation number and the moment of parturition as relevant factors in high yielding dairy cows in the transition period.

Vitamin D and Calcitonin Treatment in Patients with Femoral Neck Fracture: A Prospective Controlled Clinical Study

1989 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Harju ◽  
R. Punnonen ◽  
R. Tuimala ◽  
J. Salmi ◽  
I. Paronen
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Serum Calcitonin ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Dihydroxyvitamin D ◽  
1,25 Dihydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Neck Fracture ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D

The effects on general and bone metabolism of femoral neck fracture patients of 0.25 μg α-calcoid given orally twice daily ( n=9) and 25 μg calcitonin given subcutaneously 30 times ( n=10) in 10 weeks were studied against a control ( n=ll). Bone histology and histomorphometry showed non-age related osteoporosis in 30% and osteomalacia in 22% of the patients studied. Impaired serum vitamin D status was found in 47 – 88% of patients, secondary hyperparathyroidism and increased serum parathyroid hormone in 59% and decreased serum calcitonin levels in 69%. On histology, normal findings and non-age related osteoporosis on histology were associated with low serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3,1,25- and 24,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3. Very high serum levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and low levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 occurred in fracture patients with osteomalacia. Calcitonin improved calcium balance, reduced osteoporosis and increased the serum 1,25- and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 levels but had no effect on osteomalacia. Vitamin D reduced osteomalacia, slightly increased the serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 concentration and decreased serum levels of parathyroid hormone. Both treatments gave a similar slight decrease in serum calcitonin concentrations. A mechanism of action for the treatments is suggested.

Mechanisms and regulation of calcium absorption from the gastrointestinal tract in pigs and ruminants: comparative aspects with special emphasis on hypocalcemia in dairy cows

2006 ◽  
Vol 7 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 31-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernd Schröder ◽  
Gerhard Breves
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Calcium Absorption ◽  
Blood Calcium ◽  
Dihydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Calcitropic Hormones ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Glomerular Filtrate ◽  
Ruminant Animals

Adequate blood calcium (Ca) concentrations are a prerequisite to maintain several physiological functions of mammals such as pig and ruminants. Thus, blood Ca levels have to be regulated within very close limits. This is basically ensured through the coordinated effects of the calcitropic hormones parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3). If plasma Ca decreases, one main effect of subsequently secreted PTH is the stimulation of renal reabsorption of Ca from the glomerular filtrate to reduce urinary Ca loss. Another important action of PTH is the induction of the renal enzyme 1[@@@]\rmalpha [@@@]-hydroxylase, which is responsible for the production of calcitriol. In most monogastric species, so far investigated, one of the most important effects of calcitriol is to stimulate active absorption of Ca from the gastrointestinal tract, particularly the upper small intestines, via a vitamin D-receptor-mediated genomic action. Whether this concept can be transferred without any constrictions to ruminants is still under discussion. Marked interspecies differences have to be recognized with respect to ruminant or non-ruminant animals, particularly with respect to individual segments along the gastrointestinal axis and with respect to vitamin D sensitivity of Ca transport mechanisms. This review will elucidate some of the current concepts related to the mechanisms and sites of Ca absorption in pigs and ruminants with special emphasis on dairy cows where Ca homeostasis is occasionally compromised at the time of parturition.

scholarly journals Changes in Thyroid Hormones Levels and Metabolism in Dairy Cows around Calving

2017 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 318-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico Fiore ◽  
Sonia Giambelluca ◽  
Massimo Morgante ◽  
Giuseppe Piccione ◽  
Irene Vazzana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Roc Analysis ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Alanine Transaminase ◽  
Hormone Profile ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Metabolic Variables ◽  
Peripartum Period

AbstractThe hormonal activity of the thyroid gland has an important role in ruminants for the modulation of metabolic variables. In this study changes in thyroid hormones and biochemical parameters in dairy cows around calving were evaluated and the critical thyroid hormones thresholds for predicting the risk of ketosis were estimated. Blood samples were collected from 82 dairy cows at 5±3 days pre-partum and 5±3 days postpartum. Serum values of triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), insulin, glucose, Ca, Cl, Mg, P, K, Na, aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) and urea were evaluated. Signifi cant decrease in the levels of T3, T4 and TSH was found in the postpartum period. The values of T3 and T4 were negatively correlated with NEFA and BHB levels, and TSH values were negatively correlated with NEFA. A critical T3 threshold was found by means of ROC analysis for predicting the risk of ketosis. T3 values < 1.23 nmol/L were associated with BHB > 1.10 mmol/L in postpartum, which represents the BHB threshold commonly used as the indicator of hyperketonaemia. The results confirm that the peripartum period is accompanied by marked changes in circulating thyroid hormone profile that is correlated with lipomobilization predictors.

scholarly journals Study of Serum Magnesium levels in diabetic patients with and without retinopathy.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 2656-2661
Author(s):  
Sadiq Hussain ◽  
Sara Reza ◽  
Hashim Raza ◽  
Saleha Zafar ◽  
Sami Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Serum Magnesium ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Considerable Decrease ◽  
Lower Serum ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Healthy Participants

Objectives: The aim of our study is to evaluate the possible association of serum magnesium in diabetic patients with and without retinopathy. Study Design: Cross-sectional observational. Setting: Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur. Period: September, 2018 to May, 2019. Material & Methods: A total of 258 subjects were enrolled in the study. They were divided in 3 groups, which comprised of 208 diabetic patients; 92 with retinopathy, 116 without retinopathy and the control group comprised of 50 healthy individuals. Both cases and controls were subjected to blood tests for the estimation of biochemical parameters. Results: A considerable decrease was observed in the serum magnesium level of diabetics in comparison with the healthy participants. The mean serum magnesium levels amongst the groups were 1.5 ± 0.2 mg/dl and 2.4 ± 0.3 mg/dl respectively (p<0.001). There was also a marked variation in serum levels of magnesium among diabetic retinopathy patients and diabetics without complications i.e.1.3±0.1 mg/dl and 1.69±0.1 mg/dl respectively (p<0.001). Conclusion: Patients suffering from diabetic retinopathy displayed significantly lower serum magnesium levels in contrast to the control group and diabetics without retinopathy.

Effects of Retinoic Acid and 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 on IFN-gamma Secretion by Mononuclear Leukocytes from Nulliparous and Postparturient Dairy Cattle

2000 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 92-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burim Ametaj ◽  
Brian Nonnecke ◽  
Ronald Horst ◽  
Donald Beitz
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Pokeweed Mitogen ◽  
Mononuclear Leukocytes ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Ifn Gamma ◽  
Dihydroxyvitamin D ◽  
1,25 Dihydroxyvitamin D

Individual and combined effects of several isomers of retinoic acid (RA) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2D3) on interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) secretion by blood mononuclear leukocytes (MNL) from nulliparous and postparturient Holstein cattle were evaluated in vitro. In the first experiment, effects on incubation period (24 to 72 hours) and time of supplementation (0 to 32 hours) with all-trans, 9-cis, 13-cis-, and 9,13-dicis-RAs (0 to 100 nM) on IFN-gamma secretion by pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-stimulated (0 and 10 mug/ml) MNL from nulliparous cattle were evaluated. In the second experiment, MNL from postparturient cows (bled at 0, 2, 4, and 16 days postpartum) were stimulated with PWM (0 and 10 mug/ml) in the presence of RA isomers (9-cis- or 9,13-dicis-RA; 0 to 100 nM), 1,25-(OH)2D3 (0 to 100 nM), or with combinations of these metabolites. The results show that individual isomers of RA had no effect on IFN-gamma secretion by PWM-stimulated MNL from nulliparous or postparturient cows. Furthermore 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 inhibited IFN-gamma secretion by MNL from nulliparous and postparturient dairy cows; however, the degree of inhibition was greater when 9-cis- and 9,13-dicis-RA were also present in the cultures. Finally mononuclear leukocytes from postparturient dairy cows produced substantially less IFN-gamma than did MNL from nulliparous cattle. It is concluded that retinoic acids individually did not affect the capacity of leukocytes from dairy cattle to secrete IFN-gamma. This result is in marked contrast to studies in monogastric species indicating that RAs inhibit IFN-gamma secretion by peripheral blood T cells. Inhibition of IFN-gamma secretion by 1,25-(OH)2D3 was potentiated by 9-cis- and 9,13-di-cis-retinoics acids, suggesting that an excess of dietary vitamins A and D may compromise further the naturally immunosuppressed postparturient dairy cow. Additional research is necessary to determine if the combined effects of these metabolites on IFN-gamma secretion represent an increased susceptibility of the dairy cow to infectious diseases during the periparturient period. Lower secretion of IFN-gamma by MNL from postpartutient dairy cows, relative to nulliparous cattle, suggests that recently-calved cows are naturally immunosuppressed.

scholarly journals The retrospective study of perioperative application of dexamethasone and furosemide for postoperative anti-inflammation in patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taiguo Qi ◽  
Xia Qi ◽  
Xiude Chen ◽  
Xunbo Jin
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Postoperative Hospital Stay ◽  
Lower Serum ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Furosemide Administration ◽  
Anti Inflammation

Abstract Objectives To investigate whether the perioperatively combined application of dexamethasone and furosemide could alleviate the inflammation in patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). Patients and methods 147 patients undergoing PCNL between November 2018 and October 2019 were enrolled in the study. 77 patients accepted a single dose of dexamethasone and furosemide administration (EXP group, n = 77), and 70 patients did not (CON group, n = 70). Demographic and perioperative data, inflammatory markers including interleukin-6 (IL-6) and procalcitonin (PCT), and clinical outcomes were compared between the two groups. Results Compared with the CON group, the incidence rate of urosepsis of the EXP group were significantly lower (11.69% vs. 24.29%, p = 0.046). 3 patients developed severe urosepsis in the EXP group, while 5 patients developed severe urosepsis in the CON group. Compared with those in the CON group, the patients with postoperative urosepsis in the EXP group showed lower serum levels of IL-6 at postoperative hour two (p = 0.045) and at postoperative day one (p = 0.031) and lower serum levels of PCT at postoperative day one (p = 0.015). There was a better clinical outcome of a shorter postoperative hospital stay (p = 0.015) in patients with postoperative urosepsis in the EXP group than in those in the CON group. Conclusion The perioperatively combined application of dexamethasone and furosemide was beneficial for alleviating postoperative inflammatory reaction and caused a better clinical outcome of a shorter postoperative hospital stay.

scholarly journals Association between Anti-Müllerian Hormone Concentration and Inflammation Markers in Serum during the Peripartum Period in Dairy Cows

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1241
Author(s):  
Hiroaki Okawa ◽  
Danielle Monniaux ◽  
Chihiro Mizokami ◽  
Atsushi Fujikura ◽  
Toshihiro Takano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Serum Amyloid A ◽  
Hormone Concentration ◽  
Inflammation Markers ◽  
Somatic Cell Counts ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Peripartum Period

The relationships between changes in anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) concentration and various traits, including milk somatic cell counts (SCC), were evaluated. Blood samples were collected from 43 Holstein cows 14 days before (D-14) and 10 (D10) and 28 days after (D28) parturition, and vaginal discharge score (VDS) and polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) percentages were assessed in endometrial samples at D28. Cows were separated into four quartiles (Q1–Q4) based on changes in AMH concentration during the peripartum period (AMH ratio: D28/D-14). Correlations between AMH ratio and each parameter were evaluated and classified into high-AMH (Q4, 1.83 ± 0.12, n = 11) and low-AMH (Q1, 0.83 ± 0.05, n = 11) groups. The AMH ratio was positively correlated with magnesium and non-esterified fatty acids levels, and the albumin/globulin ratio at D10 and D28, but negatively correlated with serum amyloid A (SAA) at D10. SAA and γ-globulin levels were significantly higher in the low-AMH group at D28. There was no significant difference in VDS, PMNL percentage, and milk SCC between the two groups. The decreasing AMH ratio from the prepartum to the postpartum period corresponds to high inflammation biomarker levels. Whether it subsequently affects the reproductive prognosis of postpartum cows needs further investigations.

scholarly journals Prognostic Value of Serum Magnesium in Mortality Risk among Patients on Hemodialysis: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Hongwei Wu ◽  
Qiang Li ◽  
Lijing Fan ◽  
Dewang Zeng ◽  
Xianggeng Chi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Mortality ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Prognostic Value ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Serum Magnesium ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Lower Serum ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
End Stage

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Previous studies have reported that serum magnesium (Mg) deficiency is involved in the development of heart failure, particularly in patients with end-stage kidney disease. The association between serum Mg levels and mortality risk in patients receiving hemodialysis is controversial. We aimed to estimate the prognostic value of serum Mg concentration on all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality in patients receiving hemodialysis. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We did a systematic literature search in PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science to identify eligible studies that reported the prognostic value of serum Mg levels in mortality risk among patients on hemodialysis. We performed a meta-analysis by pooling and analyzing hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). <b><i>Results:</i></b> We identified 13 observational studies with an overall sample of 42,967 hemodialysis patients. Higher all-cause mortality (adjusted HR 1.58 [95% CI: 1.31–1.91]) and higher cardiovascular mortality (adjusted HR 3.08 [95% CI: 1.27–7.50]) were found in patients with lower serum Mg levels after multivariable adjustment. There was marked heterogeneity (<i>I</i><sup>2</sup> = 79.6%, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001) that was partly explained by differences in age stratification and study area. In addition, subgroup analysis showed that a serum Mg concentration of ≤1.1 mmol/L might be the vigilant cutoff value. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> A lower serum Mg level was associated with higher all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality in patients receiving hemodialysis.

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