Concurrent infections ofFasciola,SchistosomaandAmphistomumspp. in cattle from Kafue and Zambezi river basins of Zambia

2008 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Yabe ◽  
I.K. Phiri ◽  
A.M. Phiri ◽  
M. Chembensofu ◽  
P. Dorny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Basins ◽  
Fasciola Gigantica ◽  
Cross Protection ◽  
Mesenteric Veins ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Concurrent Infections ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Endemic Areas ◽  
Zambezi River

AbstractThis study investigated interactions amongFasciola gigantica,Schistosomaspp. andAmphistomumspp. concurrent natural infections in Zambian cattle, based on egg and worm counts. In the abattoir 315 cattle were screened for worms ofF. giganticain the liver,Schistosomaspp. in mesenteric veins and/orAmphistomumspp. in the rumen. One hundred and thirty-three (42.2%) of the abattoir-examined cattle harboured one, two or all three trematodes. Of 133 cattle, 50 were randomly selected for worm and egg counts. The mean numbers ( ±  SD) ofAmphistomum, SchistosomaandFasciolawere 622.08 ( ±  97.87), 33.68 ( ±  7.44) and 19.46 ( ±  4.58), respectively. A total of 32% harboured all the three trematodes, 66% hadF. giganticaandAmphistomumspp. infections, 52% hadSchistosomaspp. andAmphistomumspp. infections while 32% hadF. giganticaandSchistosomainfections. A positive correlation (P = 0.014) was found betweenF. giganticaandAmphistomumworm burdens. There were no correlations betweenAmphistomumandSchistosomaworm burdens and betweenF. giganticaandSchistosomaworm burdens. It may be concluded that there is no significant cross-protection among these trematodes in cattle in endemic areas.

Relationship of Sense of Coherence to Other Psychosocial Indices

2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 227-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Holmberg ◽  
Anders Thelin ◽  
Eva-Lena Stiernström
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Psychosocial Factors ◽  
Sense Of Coherence ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Job Demand ◽  
The Mean

Summary: The concept of “sense of coherence” (SOC) has been widely recognized since it was first introduced by Antonovsky. The originality and usefulness of the SOC scale and its relation to other psychosocial measures has been the subject of lively debate. The aim of this paper was to test for associations between SOC and work-related psychosocial factors (mainly the Job Demand-Control model), general living conditions, education, and social network factors. Cross-sectional data from a population-based sample of 1782 rural males from nine counties in Sweden were analyzed with a multiple regression technique. The subjects were occupationally active at inclusion and the mean age was 50 years (range 40-60). SOC was assessed with the original 29-item questionnaire. Psychosocial variables and lifestyle factors were assessed using questionnaires and structured interviews. The mean SOC among the subjects was 152.3 (standard deviation, 19.4). A strong negative correlation was found between SOC and job demand, whereas a positive correlation with job control was demonstrated. A positive correlation with general living conditions and with social support was also found. However, there was no correlation to education and occupation. Thus, SOC was shown to be strongly correlated to work-related psychosocial factors and social support, but independent of sociodemographic factors.

Plasma Thrombospondin as an Indicator of Intravascular Platelet Activation in Patients with Vasculitis

1987 ◽  
Vol 58 (03) ◽  
pp. 850-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
M B McCrohan ◽  
S W Huang ◽  
J W Sleasman ◽  
P A Klein ◽  
K J Kao
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Activation ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Activation Marker ◽  
Fibrin Degradation Products ◽  
The Mean

SummaryThe use of plasma thrombospondin (TSP) concentration was investigated as an indicator of intravascular platelet activation. Patients (n = 20) with diseases that have known vasculitis were included in the study. The range and the mean of plasma TSP concentrations of patients with vasculitis were 117 ng/ml to 6500 ng/ml and 791±1412 ng/ml (mean ± SD); the range and the mean of plasma TSP concentrations of control individuals (n = 33) were 13 ng/ml to 137 ng/ml and 59±29 ng/ml. When plasma TSP concentrations were correlated with plasma concentrations of another platelet activation marker, β-thromboglobulin (P-TG), it was found that the TSP concentration inei eased exponentially as the plasma β-TG level rose. A positive correlation between plasma levels of plasma TSP and serum fibrin degradation products was also observed. The results suggest that platelets are the primary source of plasma TSP in patients with various vasculitis and that plasma TSP can be a better indicator than β-TG to assess intravascular platelet activation due to its longer circulation half life.

scholarly journals Hematological Profile of HIV-Infected Patients on First-Line Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy and Its Correlation With CD4 Count

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Jospeh Diamond Princy ◽  
Kshetrimayum Birendra Singh ◽  
Ningthoujam Biplab ◽  
Ningthoukhongjam Reema ◽  
Rajesh Boini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Total Leukocyte Count ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Introduction Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a state of profound immunodeficiency. Disorders of hematopoietic system are a common but often overlooked complication of HIV infection. This can manifest at any stage of the disease but more commonly in the advanced stage with low CD4 count. Anemia is the most common hematological abnormality in HIV patients and prevalence ranges from 1.3 to 95%. As HIV disease progresses, the prevalence and severity of anemia also increase. Hence, this study was undertaken to assess the hematological parameters of HIV-infected patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) at different treatment durations with the hope to improve the HAART outcome in HIV patients and its correlation with CD4 count. Methods This prospective longitudinal study enrolled 134 HIV-infected patients admitted to or attending the OPD in the Department of Medicine or Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) Center (Center of Excellence), Regional Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Imphal, Manipur, from 2018 to 2020. Complete hemogram, CD4 count, and other related-blood investigations were studied. Results The mean age of the study population was 39.9 ± 11.04 years. Of the 134 patients, 75 (56%) were males and 59 (44%) were females. Twelve (9%) patients had a history of injecting drug use (IDU). TLE (tenofovir, lamivudine, efavirenz) regimen was started on 112 (83.6%) patients and the majority of them (69/134 [51.5%]) had a CD4 count of 200 to 499 cells/mm3, which increased significantly 6 months after HAART to 99 to 1,149 cells/mm3, with a mean of 445 ± 217 cells/mm3. There were significant improvements in hemoglobin (Hb) levels, total leukocyte count (TLC), absolute neutrophil count (ANC), and absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) after HAART indicating a positive correlation with CD4 count (p < 0.05). Thrombocytopenia was observed higher after HAART when compared to baseline. There was a positive correlation between platelet count and CD4 count. However, the mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) had a negative correlation with CD4 count. Conclusion The study inferred a strong positive correlation between CD4 and Hb levels, TLC, ANC, ALC, and platelet count after HAART with improvement in these values as CD4 count increases. Specific treatment intervention based on the changes in the immunohematological profile trends can help prevent most of the adverse effects on HIV patients in our community.

scholarly journals Groups and Individuals: Optical Flow Patterns of Broiler Chicken Flocks Are Correlated with the Behavior of Individual Birds

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 568
Author(s):  
Sabine G. Gebhardt-Henrich ◽  
Ariane Stratmann ◽  
Marian Stamp Dawkins
Keyword(s):  
Optical Flow ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Flow Patterns ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Water Test ◽  
Mean And Variance ◽  
The Mean

Group level measures of welfare flocks have been criticized on the grounds that they give only average measures and overlook the welfare of individual animals. However, we here show that the group-level optical flow patterns made by broiler flocks can be used to deliver information not just about the flock averages but also about the proportion of individuals in different movement categories. Mean optical flow provides information about the average movement of the whole flock while the variance, skew and kurtosis quantify the variation between individuals. We correlated flock optical flow patterns with the behavior and welfare of a sample of 16 birds per flock in two runway tests and a water (latency-to-lie) test. In the runway tests, there was a positive correlation between the average time taken to complete the runway and the skew and kurtosis of optical flow on day 28 of flock life (on average slow individuals came from flocks with a high skew and kurtosis). In the water test, there was a positive correlation between the average length of time the birds remained standing and the mean and variance of flock optical flow (on average, the most mobile individuals came from flocks with the highest mean). Patterns at the flock level thus contain valuable information about the activity of different proportions of the individuals within a flock.

Antithrombin III, Heparin Cofactor and Antifactor Xa in Relation to Age, sex And Pathological Conditions

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Panicucci ◽  
A. Sacripanti ◽  
E. Pinori ◽  
M. Vispi ◽  
B. Conte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Contraceptive ◽  
Antithrombin Iii ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Cerebral Thrombosis ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
At Iii ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Antifactor Xa ◽  
Cofactor Activity

Determinations of AT-III activity, heparin cofactor activity, antifactor Xa activity and AT-III protein were carried out in 200 healthy adults, evenly distributed within age and sex groups, in 60 patients with cerebral thrombosis and in 20 oral contraceptive users. There was a positive correlation between AT-III protein and its activitiesin normal subjects and in patients with cerebral thrombosis. In oral contraceptive users the positive correlation was between AT-III protein and its activities, antifactor Xa activity excepted. The mean AT-III protein and heparin cofactor activity values decreased in males with age and were significantly lower in the groups between 50 and 70 years. The mean AT-III protein and heparin cofactor activity values decreased slightly in women in fertile age and were lower in the 40 to 50 age-group. The mean AT-III protein and its activities values did not show any variation in the patients with cerebral thrombosis. The mean antifactor Xa activity value in the women, taking the pill for 3 months, decreased, whereas the other AT-III activities and AT-III protein were unchanged.

The Time of Spontaneous Resolution of Monosymptomatic Nocturnal Enuresis (MNE) Is Familial

2015 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 459-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ural Oguz ◽  
Aykut Aykac ◽  
Erhan Demirelli ◽  
Eyup Burak Sancak ◽  
Berkan Resorlu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Nocturnal Enuresis ◽  
Spontaneous Resolution ◽  
Resolution Time ◽  
Mothers And Fathers ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Referral Hospitals ◽  
Education Status ◽  
Monosymptomatic Nocturnal Enuresis ◽  
The Mean

Purpose: To investigate whether or not the age of spontaneous resolution of monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (MNE) was familial. Patients and Methods: A questionnaire was administered to more than 1,500 people, and 100 appropriate participants were identified from four referral hospitals. We included the participants who had MNE and whose parents also had MNE with spontaneous resolution. Then the association between the spontaneous resolution time of MNE in parents and that in their children was investigated. Results: The mean ages of spontaneous resolution were 10.7 (10-30 years), 9.4 (6-17 years) and 10.9 (6-18 years) in participants, their mothers and their fathers, respectively. According to the statistical analysis, there was a positive correlation between participants and both their mothers and fathers (p < 0.05). In addition, it was revealed that familial MNE history based on first- and second-degree relatives, in addition to their parents, was also associated with the increased spontaneous resolution age of MNE (p < 0.05). According to our results, gender and parents' education status were not statistically associated with the spontaneous resolution (p > 0.05). Conclusion: As a conclusion, the age of spontaneous resolution of MNE is familial. Although the exact reasons of spontaneous resolution still remain a mystery; further genetic investigations may be able to resolve this mystery.

Two parameters are required for a Budyko function to describe the land-atmosphere interaction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daeha Kim ◽  
Jong Ahn Chun
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Control Surface ◽  
Primary Control ◽  
Evaporative Demand ◽  
Atmosphere Interaction ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Two Parameter ◽  
Surface Changes

&lt;p&gt;While the Budyko framework has been a simple and convenient tool to assess runoff (Q) responses to climatic and surface changes, it has been unclear how parameters of a Budyko function represent the vertical land-atmosphere interactions. Here, we explicitly derived a two-parameter equation by correcting a boundary condition of the Budyko hypothesis. The correction enabled for the Budyko function to reflect the evaporative demand (E&lt;sub&gt;p&lt;/sub&gt;) that actively responds to soil moisture deficiency. The derived two-parameter function suggests that four physical variables control surface runoff; namely, precipitation (P), potential evaporation (E&lt;sub&gt;p&lt;/sub&gt;), wet-environment evaporation (E&lt;sub&gt;w&lt;/sub&gt;), and the catchment properties (n). We linked the derived Budyko function to a definitive complementary evaporation principle, and assessed the relative elasticities of Q to climatic and land surface changes. Results showed that P is the primary control of runoff changes in most of river basins across the world, but its importance declined with climatological aridity. In arid river basins, the catchment properties play a major role in changing runoff, while changes in E&lt;sub&gt;p&lt;/sub&gt; and E&lt;sub&gt;w&lt;/sub&gt; seem to exert minor influences on Q changes. It was also found that the two-parameter Budyko function can capture unusual negative correlation between the mean annual Q and E&lt;sub&gt;p&lt;/sub&gt;. This work suggests that at least two parameters are required for a Budyko function to properly describe the vertical interactions between the land and the atmosphere.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Evaluation of volume change in oral cavity proper before and after mandibular advancement:

2020 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-87
Author(s):  
Balaji Rajkumar ◽  
Ratna Parameswaran ◽  
Anantanarayanan Parameswaran ◽  
Devaki Vijayalakshmi
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Mandibular Advancement ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
High Statistical Significance ◽  
Proper Volume ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Tongue Volume

ABSTRACT Objectives To evaluate the tongue and oral cavity proper volume in pre- and post-bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO) patients, and to establish whether there was a correlation between them. Materials and Methods A retrospective study that evaluated 12 patients' pre- and post-surgical computed tomography records satisfying the inclusion criteria. Borders were defined for measurement of tongue and oral cavity proper volume. The volume assessment was carried out using 3D slice software. Results The mean difference of tongue volume was 5.7 ± 1.7 cm3, which showed high statistical significance. The mean difference of oral cavity proper volume (OCVP) was 6.9 ± 3.4 cm3 and indicated high statistical significance. A very strong positive correlation existed between pre- and post-surgical tongue volume. Positive correlation was also evident between pre and post - surgical OCVP. Medium positive correlation was noted when the difference between pre- and post-surgical tongue and OCVP were assessed. Conclusions There was a significant change in volume of tongue and oral cavity proper after BSSO advancement surgery. The space around the tongue, position of tongue, and maxillary and mandibular relationship influence the volume of tongue and oral cavity proper.

scholarly journals Factors affecting general or regional anesthesia preference in patients with elective surgery

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 570-574
Author(s):  
Esra Adıyeke ◽  
Levent Adıyeke
Keyword(s):  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Regional Anesthesia ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Elective Surgery ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Foot Surgery ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
To Receive

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the factors that affect the preference of the anesthesia method in patients who were indicated for general or regional anesthesia. Material and Methods: A descriptive questionnaire was used to evaluate the opinions of 123 patients who were planned to undergo elective surgery in the orthopedics and traumatology outpatient clinic between January 2018 and June 2019. Results: 73 women (%59) and 50 men (%41) participated in the study. The mean age was 58.62±11 years. General anesthesia was preferred in 58% of the patients. The most common reason for rejection was that the patients who preferred general anesthesia did not want to receive visual and auditory stimuli during the surgical procedure. There was a significant positive correlation between education level and regional anesthesia preference rate. There was a significant positive correlation between the regional anesthesia preference rate of patients receiving hand and foot surgery indications. Conclusion: The preference of the majority of patients was found to be general anesthesia method. Additionally, the type of surgery and education level of the patients was found to be effective in preference of the anesthesia method.

scholarly journals Night-time chemistry above London: measurements of NO<sub>3</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> from the BT Tower during REPARTEE-II

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 14347-14386
Author(s):  
A. K. Benton ◽  
J. M. Langridge ◽  
S. M. Ball ◽  
W. J. Bloss ◽  
M. Dall'Osto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Nitrogen Compounds ◽  
Equilibrium Partitioning ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Enhanced Absorption ◽  
Cavity Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
The Mean

Abstract. Broadband cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy (BBCEAS) has been used to measure the sum of concentrations of NO3 and N2O5 from the BT (telecommunications) Tower 160 m above street level in central London during the REPARTEE II campaign in October and November 2007. Substantial variability was observed in these night-time nitrogen compounds: peak NO3+N2O5 mixing ratios reached 800 pptv, whereas the mean night-time NO3+N2O5 was approximately 30 pptv. Additionally, [NO3+N2O5] showed negative correlations with [NO] and [NO2] and a positive correlation with [O3]. Co-measurements of temperature and NO2 from the BT Tower were used to calculate the equilibrium partitioning between NO3 and N2O5 which was always found to strongly favour N2O5 (NO3/N2O5=0.01 to 0.04). Two methods are used to calculate the lifetimes for NO3 and N2O5, the results being compared and discussed in terms of the implications for the night-time oxidation of nitrogen oxides and the night-time sinks for NOy.

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