scholarly journals Evaluation of volume change in oral cavity proper before and after mandibular advancement:

2020 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-87
Author(s):  
Balaji Rajkumar ◽  
Ratna Parameswaran ◽  
Anantanarayanan Parameswaran ◽  
Devaki Vijayalakshmi
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Mandibular Advancement ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
High Statistical Significance ◽  
Proper Volume ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Tongue Volume

ABSTRACT Objectives To evaluate the tongue and oral cavity proper volume in pre- and post-bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (BSSO) patients, and to establish whether there was a correlation between them. Materials and Methods A retrospective study that evaluated 12 patients' pre- and post-surgical computed tomography records satisfying the inclusion criteria. Borders were defined for measurement of tongue and oral cavity proper volume. The volume assessment was carried out using 3D slice software. Results The mean difference of tongue volume was 5.7 ± 1.7 cm3, which showed high statistical significance. The mean difference of oral cavity proper volume (OCVP) was 6.9 ± 3.4 cm3 and indicated high statistical significance. A very strong positive correlation existed between pre- and post-surgical tongue volume. Positive correlation was also evident between pre and post - surgical OCVP. Medium positive correlation was noted when the difference between pre- and post-surgical tongue and OCVP were assessed. Conclusions There was a significant change in volume of tongue and oral cavity proper after BSSO advancement surgery. The space around the tongue, position of tongue, and maxillary and mandibular relationship influence the volume of tongue and oral cavity proper.

scholarly journals Comparison of gestational age assessment by new ballard score and parkin score in neonates

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1231
Author(s):  
Ravi Ambey ◽  
Priya Gogia ◽  
Arun Kumar M.
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
P Value ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Age Assessment ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Time ◽  
Normal Neonates

Background: In newborn, both normal and sick, gestational age (GA) is important to evaluate the risks of morbidity and mortality and may modify the line of management. The objective of the present study was to compare the New Ballard Score (NBS) and Parkin’s score in estimating GA among normal neonates, sick neonates.Methods: Observational analytical study of 500 neonates, who qualified the selection criteria. GA estimated by Naegele’s rule (G-LMP), NBS and Parkin score. Data collected and analysed by SPSS 21.Results: The mean gestational age as estimated by last menstrual period was 37.7 weeks; NBS- 37.66 weeks, Parkin score-37.7 weeks. Mean difference between the two scores estimating GA in all neonates was 3.75 days, in normal neonates- 3.61 days, sick neonates-3.7 days. NBS and Parkin score were calculated in both groups, had strong positive correlation (p value <0.05) with G-LMP. GA calculated using NBS and Parkin score had a strong positive correlation (p value <0.05). in all sick neonates except HIE-3 and RDS, NBS had significant correlation with G-LMP, but Parkin score had significant correlation with all. The mean difference between the two scores with RDS and HIE-3 was 11.64 days. Total crying episodes in NBS were 334 and Parkin score were 124. Mean time taken to complete NBS was 5 min 33 sec and Parkin score was 1 min 36 sec.Conclusions: GA of sick neonates with HIE-3 and RDS were better assessed by Parkin score. Parkin score caused less discomfort to neonates.

P–328 Dienogest significantly decreases the size of the cyst and alters Anti-Müllerian Hormone concentration in patients with endometrioma

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
E Karataş ◽  
B E Temiz ◽  
S Mumusoglu ◽  
H Yarali ◽  
G Bozdag
Keyword(s):  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Respective Figure

Abstract Study question Does utilization of dienogest make any impact on the size of cyst and Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) concentration in patients with endometrioma throughout 12-months? Summary answer Although dienogest makes a gradual reduction in the size of endometrioma cyst throughout 12-months, a significant drop in AMH serum concentration was also noticed. What is known already According to recent studies, pre-operative serum AMH levels might be illusively increased with parallel to the size of endometrioma which will be a misleading factor while deciding to operate the patient via cystectomy. Although dienogest is one of the medical options that might be commenced in patients with endometrioma cyst, there is limited data about its effect on the size of the endometrioma and hence serum AMH concentration throughout 12 months of follow up. Study design, size, duration The current observational cohort study was conducted among patients with endometrioma those treated with dienogest from January 2017 to January 2020. The primary outcome was alteration in diameter of endometrioma cyst at 6th and 12th months of treatment. Secondary outcome was alteration in serum AMH concentration in the same period. Of 104 patients treated with dienogest, 44 patients were excluded due to being treated with any type of surgical intervention during follow up period. Participants/materials, setting, methods A total of 60 patients were recruited for the final analysis. Of them, primary symptom was dysmenorrhea, chronic pelvic pain and menstrual irregularity in 16 (26.7%), 25 (41.7%) and 8 (13.3%) patients, respectively. Eighteen patients (30%) were asymptomatic. As 21 patients had bi-lateral endometrioma, size of the leading cyst was considered to be analyzed for the primary outcome measure. Paired-t test was used for comparison of numerical values and p ≤ 0.05 was taken as statistical significance. Main results and the role of chance The mean age was 31.5±8.0 years. In the time point when dienogest was started, the mean size of the endometrioma was 46.3±17.4 mm. The mean serum AMH concentration was 3.6±2.4 ng/ml. After 6 months of treatment, the mean size of the endometrioma decreased to 38.6±14.0 mm which corresponds to a mean difference of 7.8 mm (95% CI: 3.0 to 12.6; p: 0.003). The respective figure for AMH was 3.3±2.7 ng/ml which corresponds to a mean difference of 0.3 ng/ml (95% CI: –0.2 to 0.8; p: 0.23) at 6 months. After 12 months of treatment, the mean size of the endometrioma was 37.5±15.7 mm which corresponds to a mean difference of 8.9 mm (95% CI: 2.9 to 14.9; p: 0.005) at the end of 12 months. The respective figure for AMH was 2.7±1.9 ng/ml which corresponds to a mean difference of 0.9 ng/ml (95% CI: 0.1 to 1.7; p: 0.045) at the end of 12 months. The mean diameter of endometrioma and AMH concentration did not differ throughout the time period between 6th and 12th months of the treatment. Limitations, reasons for caution Although herein we present the largest data that depicts the alteration of endometrioma cyst and AMH concentration with the application of dienogest, the lack of control group is a limitation that avoids to perform any comparison. Wider implications of the findings: A shrinkage after commencement of treatment suggest that dienogest might present improvement in patients with endometrioma with respect to radiological findings, but further studies are required whether a decline in AMH concentration after 12 months refers to a genuine decrease in ovarian reserve or resolution of misleading high pre-treatment levels. Trial registration number not available

scholarly journals Association between the microbiomes of tonsil and saliva samples isolated from pediatric patients subjected to tonsillectomy for the treatment of tonsillar hyperplasia

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 1564-1573
Author(s):  
Da Hyeon Choi ◽  
Jiwon Park ◽  
Ju Kwang Choi ◽  
Kyeong Eun Lee ◽  
Won Hee Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Korean Children ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Tonsillar Hyperplasia

Abstract Oral microbes have the capacity to spread throughout the gastrointestinal system and are strongly associated with multiple diseases. Given that tonsils are located between the oral cavity and the laryngopharynx at the gateway of the alimentary and respiratory tracts, tonsillar tissue may also be affected by microbiota from both the oral cavity (saliva) and the alimentary tract. Here, we analyzed the distribution and association of the microbial communities in the saliva and tonsils of Korean children subjected to tonsillectomy because of tonsil hyperplasia (n = 29). The microbiome profiles of saliva and tonsils were established via 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Based on the alpha diversity indices, the microbial communities of the two groups showed high similarities. According to Spearman’s ranking correlation analysis, the distribution of Treponema, the causative bacterium of periodontitis, in saliva and tonsils was found to have a significant positive correlation. Two representative microbes, Prevotella in saliva and Alloprevotella in tonsils, were negatively correlated, while Treponema 2 showed a strong positive correlation between saliva and tonsils. Taken together, strong similarities in the microbial communities of the tonsils and saliva are evident in terms of diversity and composition. The saliva microbiome is expected to significantly affect the tonsil microbiome. Furthermore, we suggest that our study creates an opportunity for tonsillar microbiome research to facilitate the development of novel microbiome-based therapeutic strategies.

scholarly journals Frontal plane tibio-femoral alignment and its association with knee pain among patients with early osteoarthritis of the knee in a population presenting to a tertiary hospital in South India

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 79 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Koteshwar Rao ◽  
P. Lakshmi Narayana Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Knee Pain ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Vas Score ◽  
Weak Positive Correlation ◽  
Q Angle ◽  
Tibiofemoral Alignment ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Early Oa

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Frontal plane knee malalignment may increase the progression of knee osteoarthritis (OA) and worsen functional capacity</span><span lang="EN-IN">.</span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">In our study, the aim was to find the correlation of frontal plane tibiofemoral alignment with knee pain in early OA knee patients. After meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 195 patients with 314 knees (104 females, 91 males) were studied. Clinical and radiological measurements of frontal plane tibiofemoral alignment, using landmark of hip, knee, and ankle, compared with knee pain</span>.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">The accepted Statistical significance was p&lt;0.05. Patients with 130 knees (41%) were normal alignment, and 184 knees (59%) were abnormal alignment. The mean±SD age in our study was 54.6±8.9 years. The mean±SD BMI in our study to be 25.86±1.96. Mean±SD Q-angle in patients with normal and abnormal alignment was 14.76±1.54 and 14.63±1.9 respectively. There is statistically no significant correlation between BMI and VAS score (r=0.054, p=0.344). Means±SD of mLDFA, mMPTA, mTFA, aTFA, and JOA were 88.86±2.73, 84.96±3.00, 5.96±4.01, 4.55±3.67, and 2.37±1.88 respectively. JOA and mTFA had statistically significant weak positive correlation with VAS (knee pain) score, (r=0.281) (p=0.000) and (r=0.236) (p=0.000) respectively. The rest of the angles were not had statistically significant correlation with VAS score. The mTFA had statistically significant weak positive correlation with all the angles. We found that Frontal plane tibiofemoral alignment correlates with knee pain in patients with early OA</span><span lang="EN-IN">. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">The mTFA may be considered one important criterion in designing treatment and planning surgery for patients with primary osteoarthritis. The Q angle acts as a good alternative clinical tool in assessing frontal plane alignment. BMI was not correlating with knee pain (VAS score)</span><span lang="EN-IN">.</span></p>

scholarly journals Ego Strength and Anxiety among Working and Non-working Women

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Balvant M. Chhansiya ◽  
Yogesh A. Jogsan
Keyword(s):  
Working Women ◽  
Correlation Method ◽  
T Test ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Research Tool ◽  
Ego Strength ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

The main purpose of this research was to find out the mean difference between working and non working women. The total 80 women as a variation belonging to working and non working women were taken. The research tool for Ego Strength was measured by Hasan’s Ego strength Scale and tool for anxiety were used which made by Sinha. Here t-test was applied to check the significant of in Ego strength and Anxiety between working and non working women. To check the relation between Ego strength and anxiety correlation method is used. The study revealed that there was significant difference between working and non working women in Ego strength. There was significant difference between working and non working women in anxiety. While the correlation between Ego strength and anxiety reveals 0.54 positive correlation.

Redefining the Neck: A Retrospective Review Utilizing Hyoid Suspension

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 198-204
Author(s):  
Sami A. Nizam ◽  
Rhys Branman
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Biomechanical Testing ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Hyoid Suspension ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Experimental Group

Neck contouring is one of the most frequent reasons patients seek cervicofacial rhytidectomy. But what makes for aesthetically pleasing youthful neck? Ellenbogen and Karlin described 5 criteria in their 1980 landmark publication, including having a cervicomental angle between 105° and 120° and a visible subhyoid depression. Recent advances in neck anatomy have revealed the existence of ligamentous like structures attaching the skin and platysma to the hyoid. These have been termed the hyoplatysmal ligament (HPL) and cervicomental suspensory angle ligament by different authors. This study was undertaken to determine whether surgically reestablishing the above structures utilizing a hyoid suspension technique resulted in statistically significant changes in cervicomental contour. A retrospective chart review was performed from January 2014 to present. After December 2016, the second author began utilizing a hyoid suspension technique where the inter- and subplatysmal fat was resected and the HPL was reestablished surgically (hyoid suspension). Cases before this date served as controls if a similar neck manipulation was performed without reestablishing the HPL. In total, 104 charts were queried, of which, 21 charts fit inclusion criteria to serve as controls and 20 as the experimental group. Before and after profile pictures were then compared for differences in cervicomental angle utilizing commercially available imaging software (Canfield Mirror, Parsippany, New Jersey). An unpaired Student t test was then performed to determine whether this 2 groups differed significantly utilizing a P value of .05 to denote statistical significance. The mean difference between pre- and postoperative cervicomental angle for the control group was 17.38° with a standard deviation of 8.05°. The mean difference between pre and postoperative cervicomental angle for the experimental group was 28.75° with a standard deviation of 15.52°. The resulting 11.37° difference in cervicomental angle between the 2 groups was found to be statistically significant with a P value of .0051. Our cosmetic surgical and anatomical knowledge continues to progress. Brant first described a ligamentous structure that attaches the platysma to the hyoid. Through biomechanical testing, he noted this ligament to be one of the weakest in the face and neck. Thereafter, in 2016 Yousif et al and Le Lourn separately described similar procedures to attach the platysma to the hyoid, in effect reestablishing this ligament. Utilizing one simple surgical maneuver, the hyoid suspension reestablishes the HPL. This surgically creates an acute cervicomental angle, resulting in less platysmal displacement postoperatively, with virtually no addition to surgical time or morbidity.

scholarly journals Comparison of Gates’ Method and CKD-EPI Equation with Plasma Sample Method for Estimation of GFR

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-40
Author(s):  
Suraya Sarmin ◽  
Sadia Sultana ◽  
Madhuchhanda Hazra Mou ◽  
Naheed Khan ◽  
Pupree Mutsuddy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Plasma Sample ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Disease Epidemiology ◽  
Plasma Sample Method ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sample Method

Objectives: Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) is an important parameter of kidney function. Many methods are used to measure GFR namely: inulin clearance, double plasma sample method (DPSM), Gates’ method, and equation based method. DPSM has become the gold standard in clinical research. Gates’ method is routinely practiced at National Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences. Chronic kidney disease epidemiology collaboration (CKD-EPI ) equation is encouraged as it is simple and reliable. The aim of the study was assesment of agreement between Gates’ method and CKD-EPI equation with plasma sample method for estimation of GFR. Patients and methods: This cross sectional observational study was carried out at NINMAS, during July 2017 to June 2018. A total of 70 subjects referred for 99mTC-DTPA renography along with GFR estimation, were included in this study. Result: The mean GFR value evaluated by DPSM, Gates’ and CKD-EPI  equation were, 81.86 ± 22.42, 86.13 ± 26.70 and 78.48 ± 23.87 mL/min/1.73 m2 respectively. A strong positive correlation (r = 0.922) was found between DPSM and Gates’ method and also between DPSM and CKD-EPI equation (r= 0.930). The Gates’ and CKD-EPI equation also showed strong positive correlation (r = 0.872). The mean difference between DPSM and Gates’, between DPSM and CKD-EPI equation,  between Gates’ and CKD-EPI equation were 4.26 ± 10.45, 3.38 ± 8.78  and  7.64 ± 13.09 mL/min/1.73 m2 respectively. Conclusion: Strong positive correlation and excellent agreement were observed between DPSM and Gates’ and also between DPSM and CKD-EPI equation. Strong correlation was also found in between Gates’ and CKD-EPI equation. So, DPSM, Gates’ method and CKD-EPI equation can reflect GFR almost equally and used interchangeably. Bangladesh J. Nuclear Med. 22(1): 36-40, Jan 2019  

scholarly journals Correlation between level of adipocytokines with body composition and heart rate recovery indices

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-33
Author(s):  
Marko Ristić ◽  
Marina Đelić
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Heart Rate Recovery ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
National Team

Introduction: Adipose tissue as an endocrine organ primarily regulates metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids. Anorexigenic hormone leptin increases sympathetic activity and decreases insulin secretion, thereby reducing energy depots, while adiponectin elevates tissue sensitivity to insulin, which role visfatin imitates. Heart rate recovery index (DHRR), linked with insulin resistance syndrome, reflects parasympathetic function. Our goal was to analyze correlation between adipocytokines with body composition and DHRR in athletes and sedentary controls. Material and methods: Research included 19 volleyball and water polo national team members (mean age 19.26 ± 1.94 years) and 13 physically inactive male students (mean age 20.46 ± 1.13 years). Anthropometric data were measured and blood samples for hormone analysis were taken: at the beginning, the end and 30 minutes after finishing ergospirometry. Statistical evaluation was performed using: Student's t-test, Mann-Whitney, Wilcoxon's and Spearman's rank correlation test. Results: Adiponectin levels between dependent and independent variables didn't show statistical significance. Leptin level, noteworthy lower in athletes, at the beginning and the end of the test (p < 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively), was declining in students in every before-after study aspect (p < 0.001 in each case). Visfatin was higher in sportsmen at the end of the test and 30 minutes later (p < 0.001 in both cases), but their levels decreased comparing the beginning and 30 minutes after the test (p = 0.02). Body height, VO2 max and DHRR3 were considerably higher in athletes, just as BMI, BF% and HR in the third minute of recovery were in controls (p < 0.05). Sportsmen had moderately strong negative correlation of visfatin with BF% (p = 0.002, RS = -0.674), whilst leptin showed moderately strong positive correlation with BMI and BF% (p = 0.002, RS = -0.657 and p = 0.011, RS = 0.567), respectively. Controls demonstrated strong and moderately strong positive correlation between leptin with DHRR1 (p = 0.008, RS = 0.702) and DHRR3 (p = 0.018, RS = 0.641), respectively. Conclusion: Research showed positive correlation between visfatin with BF% and leptin with BMI and BF% in athletes, considering small number of participants.

scholarly journals The Correlation between Ultrasound Testicular Volume and Conventional Semen Parameters in Albanian Subfertile Males

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 464-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Kristo ◽  
Evin Dani
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Count ◽  
Testicular Volume ◽  
Semen Parameters ◽  
Total Count ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Limit Value ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Ejaculatory Abstinence

OBJECTIVE: The study is conducted to evaluate the relationship between testicular volume measured by ultrasound and conventional sperm parameters (volume, concentration, total count, motility and morphology) in Albanian subfertile males and to determine a normal limit value of the testicular volume.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 500 males were observed for this study. The testicular volumes of all subjects were measured by ultrasonography. The semen samples were collected by the process of masturbation after 3-5 days of ejaculatory abstinence and were analyzed according to WHO criteria 2010.RESULTS: Testicular volume has a strong positive correlation with sperm count, total count and motility and a positive correlation with semen volume.CONCLUSION: Testicular volume has a direct correlation with semen parameters and the critical total testicular volume indicating normal testicular function is approximately 26.6 ml (the mean testicular volume 13.3 ml). The measurement of testicular volume can be helpful for assessing fertility at the initial physical examination.

Microarray Guided Flow Cytometry: CD44 and CD27 Are Extremely Powerful Discriminators of ALL Subtypes.

Blood ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 168-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Vaskova ◽  
Ester Mejstrikova ◽  
Tomas Kalina ◽  
Jan Trka ◽  
Jan Stary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Prognostic Impact ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Childhood All ◽  
Cd44 Expression ◽  
Positive Correlation

Abstract Expression profiling (EP) studies in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) investigate thousands of genes per sample to predict principal ALL subtypes and/or prognosis. So far, insufficient amount of information is available on transferring the knowledge from EP to other methods. We have screened publicly available data of two EP studies (Yeoh et al., Cancer Cell.1(2), 2002; Ross et al., Blood.102(8), 2003) for genes that can be taken into flow cytometry (FC) diagnostics. The genes, which were identified as the best correlating with the childhood ALL subgroups (E2A/PBX1, MLL, TEL/AML1, BCR/ABL and hyperdiploid genotypes; relapse and therapy-induced AML) were individually screened. After recalculation of the data just for the B-cell precursor (BCP) ALL cases, we selected the genes in which the difference in expression was likely to be observed on protein level. Next, we selected molecules with available monoclonal antibody (mAb). Reactivity and specificity of mAbs was tested in healthy peripheral blood cells and/or in cell lines. Next, selected molecules (CD44, CD27, CD247, CD49f, CD103) were investigated by 4-color FC in diagnostic BM samples. A total of 62 children with BCP ALL and 13 children with T lineage ALL were investigated. CD44 expression (identified as predictor of poor prognosis T-ALL by EP) correlated with the risk group categories of T-ALL (p=0.0321). Strong positive correlation of CD27 (p<0.0001) and negative correlation of CD44 (p<0.0001) with TEL/AML1 genotype was found as predicted by some EP studies. This prompted a simultaneous analysis of the expression of CD44 and CD27. Figure Figure Clearly, the expression of CD27 and CD44 is mutually exclusive in most cases. Furthermore, we investigated CD27 and CD44 expression in non-malignant BM by 7color-FC together with other key molecules of B cell differentiation. We identified physiological subpopulations with patterns of CD44 and CD27 expression corresponding to distinct ALL genotypes. EP discovered that CD247 (CD3zeta chain) is overexpressed in poor prognosis hyperdiploid ALL. We prove that this T-cell specific molecule is present in BCP ALL but we could not analyze its prognostic impact yet. EP data showed positive correlation of CD49f with BCR/ABL genotype. FC showed similar results with lower statistical significance (p=0.0432). CD103 expression was undetectable, although it should be higher in BCR/ABLneg cases. Among the 5 molecules tested in diagnostic BM, CD44 and CD27 appear extremely useful in discriminating genetic and/prognostic subsets, whereas CD247 and CD49f are potentially useful. Microarray-guided FC, which investigates molecules in mutual context, has comparable power to EP despite using much fewer molecules. Although EP describes almost only empirical correlations, it was claimed to be a candidate for replacement the existing lab techniques. Since major progress in ALL treatment efficacy is mostly awaited from therapies against specific targets, it seems reasonable to investigate these molecules directly (e.g, BCR/ABL by PCR or CD33 by FC).

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