Molluscicidal and antiparasitic activity of Solanum nigrumvillosum against Galba truncatula infected or uninfected with Fasciola hepatica

2008 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Hammami ◽  
A. Ayadi
Keyword(s):  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Solanum Nigrum ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Ripe Fruit ◽  
Unripe Fruit ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Antiparasitic Activity ◽  
Galba Truncatula ◽  
Fruit Extracts ◽  
Larval Stages

AbstractThe present study was based on assessments of the molluscicidal and antiparasitic activities of Solanum nigrum villosum. This plant has been collected in Tozeur's traditional oases (south-western Tunisia). Molluscicidal activities of leaves, ripe fruit and unripe fruit extracts of S. n. villosum have been assessed in experimental and semi-field conditions on uninfected Galba truncatula. Antiparasitic activities have also been assessed on larval stages (rediae, intraredial germinal masses and cercariae) of the parasite Fasciola hepatica infecting G. truncatula naturally. The unripe fruit extract (LC50 = 41.2 mg l− 1) was more toxic than the leaf (LC50 = 132.5 mg l− 1) and the ripe fruit (LC50 = 172.8 mg l− 1) extracts on the snail after 48 h of treatment. One mg l− 1 of cupric chloride produced the death of 97% of G. truncatula after 25 days of treatment. Solanum n. villosum extracts used at the lethal laboratory concentration in semi-field conditions were also toxic to G. truncatula. The unripe fruit extract was more toxic than the leaf and the ripe fruit extracts on larval stages of F. hepatica. Maximum deterioration rates were obtained with the unripe fruit extract: 65.6% for rediae, 77.8% for cercariae and 27.6% for intraredial germinal masses after 48 h of treating the snails. The possibility of the unripe fruit extract application for the control of G. truncatula and F. hepatica larval stages should be considered.

Assessment of Bioactivity and Membrane Stabilizing Potential of Cissus multistriata Fruit Extracts

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 774-778
Author(s):  
Omale James ◽  
Okafor Polycarp Nnacheta ◽  
Ijeh Ifeoma Irene
Keyword(s):  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Reference Standard ◽  
Ripe Fruit ◽  
Unripe Fruit ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Established Method ◽  
Fruit Extracts ◽  
Lead Compounds

In this study, comparative evaluation of cytotoxicity and membrane stabilizing capacity of the ripe and unripe fruit extracts of Cissus multistriata was carried out. Medicinal plants constitute an important component of flora and are diverse in Nigeria. The pharmacological evaluation of substances from plants is an established method for the identification of lead compounds which lead to the development of novel and safe medicinal agents. Alcoholic extract of Cissus multistriata fruit was screened for cytotoxicity using brine shrimp lethality test. The ripe fruit extract was far less toxic (LC50 =2845.125µg/ml) when both fruits were compared to the reference standard, potassium dichromate­ (LC50=180.147µg/ml) used. The membrane stabilizing activity of the extracts compare favorably with that of Indomethacin, a standard anti-inflammatory drug used with the unripe fruit extract being the highest. This study has demonstrated Cissus multistriata fruit extract is relatively safe for the ethno medicinal and other uses to which it is put.

scholarly journals Comparative Study on the Antidiabetic Efficacy of Unripe and Ripe Fruit Extracts of Siraitia grosvenorii and the Possible Mechanism of Action

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-18
Author(s):  
Xiangli Xu ◽  
Fenglai Lu ◽  
Ziming Yang ◽  
Xiaojie Yan ◽  
Theophine Akunne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Sweet Taste ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Ripe Fruit ◽  
Unripe Fruit ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Siraitia Grosvenorii ◽  
Alpha Glucosidase

Aims: The ripe fruit of Siraitia grosvenorii (Swingle) C. Jeffrey (Cucurbitaceae) is used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for treatment of diabetes. The ripe fruit is very edible, nutritious and of high sweet taste, while the unripe fruit which is usually very bitter and not edible, has not been widely studied. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the antidiabetic activity of the unripe fruit of S. grosvenorii and to compare it with that of the ripe fruit as well as to determine their possible mechanism of action. Methodology: The method of streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic animal model in mice was employed and mice with blood glucose greater than 9.0 mmol/l were selected for treatment with unripe fruit extract (UFE) and ripe fruit extract (RFE) for 24 days. Alpha-glucosidase and alpha amylase enzymes inhibitory assays for determination of possible mechanism of action, were performed. Results: The RFE exhibited better efficacy in antidiabetic activity than the UFE, though the later displayed better potency in activity. The RFE, UFE (300 mg/kg) and glibenclamide exhibited significant (P<0.05) percentage blood glucose reduction (PBGR) of 67.04, 60.69 and 62.88%, respectively, in diabetic mice. Alpha glucosidase assay showed median inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 7.60 and 6.62 mg/ml for RFE and UFE, respectively, while the alpha amylase inhibitory assay exhibited percentage inhibition of 84.78 and 95.10% for RFE and UFE (25 mg/ml), respectively. Conclusion: The ripe and unripe extracts of S. grosvenorii exhibited antidiabetic activities, and RFE proved a better efficacious activity than UFE, which showed more potent activity. In addition, the antidiabetic activity is likely being mediated through alpha glucosidase and alpha amylase enzymes inhibition.

Fasciola hepaticainfections in cattle and the freshwater snailGalba truncatulafrom Dakhla Oasis, Egypt

2017 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.M. Arafa ◽  
A.I. Hassan ◽  
S.A.M. Snousi ◽  
Kh.M. El-Dakhly ◽  
P.J. Holman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Galba Truncatula ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Hygienic Measures ◽  
Dakhla Oasis ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Abattoir Inspection ◽  
Pcr Targeting

AbstractInfection byFasciolaspecies was investigated in seven districts of Dakhla Oasis, Egypt, through abattoir inspection of cattle livers for adult worms and sedimentation of faecal samples from local cattle to detectFasciolaeggs. In addition, lymnaeid snails collected from the study area were examined microscopically for developmental stages ofFasciolaspp. Abattoir inspection revealed that 51 out of 458 cattle livers (11.1%) contained adult flukes, which were identified morphologically asFasciola hepatica.Examination of the cattle faecal samples revealed that 142 out of 503 (28.2%) containedFasciolaeggs. The collected snails, identified asGalba truncatulaandRadix natalensis,showed larval stages ofFasciolain 71 out of 731 (9.7%)G. truncatula, whileR. natalensisshowed no infection. Specific duplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the mitochondrialcox1gene ofF. hepaticaandFasciola giganticawas carried out on DNA extracted from pooled infected snails and adult worms. TheF. hepaticasize amplicon (1031 bp) was obtained from both the infectedG. truncatulaand the adult worms isolated from cattle livers from different districts. The amplicon sequences were identical to the published sequences ofF. hepaticamitochondrialcox1gene. In conclusion, the zoonotic importance ofFasciolainfection and appropriate hygienic measures must be taken into consideration in Dakhla Oasis, Egypt.

scholarly journals Solanum nigrum Fruit Extract Increases Toxicity of Fenitrothion—A Synthetic Insecticide, in the Mealworm Beetle Tenebrio molitor Larvae

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 612
Author(s):  
Marta Spochacz ◽  
Monika Szymczak ◽  
Szymon Chowański ◽  
Sabino Aurelio Bufo ◽  
Zbigniew Adamski
Keyword(s):  
Fat Body ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Tenebrio Molitor ◽  
Solanum Nigrum ◽  
Cellular Membranes ◽  
Unripe Fruit ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Mealworm Beetle ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Tenebrio Molitor Larvae

Synthetic insecticides are widely used for crop protection both in the fields and in the food stored facilities. Due to their toxicity, and assumptions of Integrated Pest Management, we conducted two independent experiments, where we studied the influence of Solanum nigrum unripe fruit extract on the toxicity of an organophosphorus insecticide fenitrothion. In the first variant of the experiment, Tenebrio molitor larvae were fed with blended fenitrothion (LC50) and the extract in four concentrations (0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10%) in ratio 1:1 for 3 days. In the second variant, a two-day application of fenitrothion (LC40) was preceded by a one-day extract treatment. The first variant did not show any increase in lethality compared to fenitrothion; however, ultrastructure observations exhibited swollen endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes in the midgut and nuclear and cellular membranes in the fat body, after application of blended fenitrothion and extract. An increased amount of heterochromatin in the fat body was observed, too. In the second variant, pre-treatment of the extract increased the lethality of larvae, decreased the level of glycogen and lipids in the fat body and disrupted integrity of midgut cellular membranes. S. nigrum extract, applied prior to fenitrothion treatment can be a factor increasing fenitrothion toxicity in T. molitor larvae. Thus, this strategy may lead to decreased emission of synthetic insecticides to the environment.

Two potential uses for silver nanoparticles coated with Solanum nigrum unripe fruit extract: Biofilm inhibition and photodegradation of dye effluent

2017 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 316-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balasubramanian Malaikozhundan ◽  
Sekar Vijayakumar ◽  
Baskaralingam Vaseeharan ◽  
Anthonisamy Anthoni Jenifer ◽  
Ponnaiah Chitra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Solanum Nigrum ◽  
Unripe Fruit ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition

Comparativein vitrohypoglycemic studies of unripe, ripe and overripe fruit extract ofMusa paradisiaca(Indian banana)

2019 ◽  
Vol 121 (6) ◽  
pp. 1236-1247
Author(s):  
Somnath Devidas Bhinge ◽  
Mangesh Bhutkar ◽  
Dheeraj Randive ◽  
Ganesh Wadkar ◽  
Namrata Jadhav ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
External Solution ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Unripe Fruit ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fruit Extracts ◽  
Musa Paradisiaca ◽  
Glucose Diffusion

PurposeIn the Indian system of medicine – Ayurveda,Musa paradisiacahas been mentioned as a remedy for various diseases and ailments. Based on the folkloric use, the purpose of this paper is to verify and compare the hypoglycemic potential of unripe, ripe and overripe fruit extract ofMusa paradisiaca.Design/methodology/approachHypoglycemic activity of fruit extracts has been evaluated using variousin vitromethods, namely, determination of glucose adsorption capacity, glucose uptake in yeast cells, amylolysis kinetics and glucose diffusion.FindingsThe extracts of unripe, ripe and overripe fruits ofMusa paradisiacaadsorbed glucose, and the adsorption of glucose increased remarkably with an increase in glucose concentration. In the amylolysis kinetic experimental model, the rate of glucose diffusion was found to increase with time, and all the extracts of unripe, ripe and overripe fruits ofMusa paradisiacademonstrated significant inhibitory effects on the movement of glucose into external solution across the dialysis membrane as compared to the control. The extracts under study also promoted glucose uptake by the yeast cells in all the five glucose concentrations used in the study.Practical implicationsHere, the authors have verified and compared the hypoglycemic potential ofMusa paradisiaca, its unripe fruit extract was found to show a better activity than ripe and overripe fruit extracts.Originality/valueBanana, being an all season readily available fruit, is widely consumed due to its ready availability and low cost. It acts as a complete food for even low socio-economic classes of society, owing to its rich nutritional values. Even in a processed and unprocessed manner, it is an important constituent of diet. The research suggests that instead of consuming ripe and overripe fruit, the unripe fruit will help in management of diabetes.

scholarly journals Potential study of Dillenia serrata Thunb. fruit extract from Bali Botanical Garden’s collection

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-84
Author(s):  
I Putu Agus Hendra Wibawa ◽  
I Nyoman Lugrayasa ◽  
Sutomo Sutomo
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Fruit Extracts ◽  
Dpph Method ◽  
Dried Fruit ◽  
Agar Diffusion Method

Dillenia serrata Thunb.is a member of the Dillenia clan which is endemic to Sulawesi. D. serrata fruit is a seasonal fruit and can be used as a cooking ingredient as a sour taste, raw material for several food products such as candied fruit and syrup, and has the potential to be processed into chips and jam. Traditionally, the leaves and bark of D. serrata are also used by the local community as a sprue medicine, fever, wound medicine, treating swelling or inflammation and treating vomiting of blood. It is believed that there are still many untapped benefits from this plant. This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of D. serrata fruit extract as an antimicrobial that causes disease in humans, and to determine its effectiveness as an antioxidant. The antioxidant test was carried out using the DPPH method while the antimicrobial test was carried out by the agar diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer). The ripe Dillenia fruit was extracted using methanol, the extract was then diluted in various concentrations for the DPPH test The results showed that the D. serrata extract had the ability as an antioxidant. The antioxidant activity of fresh fruit extracts was higher than that of dried fruit extracts. D. serrata extract is effective in inhibiting the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus mutans bacteria.

scholarly journals Detection of Antimicrobial Activity of Cranberry Fruit Extract against Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase Escherichia coli

2021 ◽  
pp. 44-52
Author(s):  
Ali Nawaz Bijarani ◽  
Muhammad Owais Ismail ◽  
Zahida Memon ◽  
Faisal Afridi ◽  
Shabana Qabulio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Bacterial Activity ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Fruit Extracts ◽  
Extended Spectrum

Objective: Antibacterial effects of Cranberry fruit extract on Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Extended Spectrum beta lactamase producing E. coli and its comparison with Linezolid and Meropenem. Materials and Methods: It is a Pre Clinical (in-vitro) study conducted in Ziauddin University from January 2020 to October 2020. All samples were collected from Ziauddin University.  All clinical samples were collected inform of pus, urine, blood, tracheal aspirations, patients admitted in surgical and medical wards, intensive care units and outdoor patients who were attending clinics. All these samples were transported to Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Ziauddin hospital, North Nazimabad campus and then culture and sensitivity test were performed there. Sample showing double growth and contamination on agar plates were excluded from study. Results: Out of 80 samples included in this study 46(57.5%) were female and 34(42.5%) samples were male; female to male samples ratio of 1.35:1.The mean age was 45.71±11.83 years. MRSA commonly found in pus swab 15(37.5%) and 21(52.5%) ESBL producing E. coli found in urine samples. 14(35%) samples were observed anti-bacterial activity of cranberry fruit extracts against Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase Producing Escherichia coli at 50 mg/ml concentration, followed by 10(25%) and 9(22.5%) samples at  60 mg/ml, 40 mg/ml were respectively. While resistance of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase Producing Escherichia coliwere observed high at different concentration level of cranberry fruit extracts. Good anti-bacterial activity of cranberry fruit extracts observed  against Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus at different                      levels of concentration 20(50%), 23(57.5%), 21(52.5%), 26(65%), 29(72.5%) samples were 20 mg/ml,30mg/ml,40mg/ml, 50mg/ml, 60mg/ml respectively. Most superior and best dose of cranberry fruit extract against Staph Aureus in about 72.5% (29) at 60mg/ml and their Comparison with linezolid and meropenem against Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and found best positive results as compared with Linezolid and found significant p value 0.005. Conclusions: Cranberry extract has a lot of potential to prove itself to be a good antimicrobial agent. The cranberry fruit extract has high antimicrobial activity against methicillin resistant S.aureus and resistant strains of E. coli in comparison to linezolid and meropenem.

scholarly journals Accumulation of Anthocyanins and Other Phytochemicals in American Elderberry Cultivars during Fruit Ripening and its Impact on Color Expression

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1721
Author(s):  
Yucheng Zhou ◽  
Yu Gary Gao ◽  
M. Monica Giusti
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Differential Method ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Coumaric Acid ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Ripe Fruit ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Natural Colorant ◽  
Plate Reader ◽  
Acylated Anthocyanins

American elderberry (Sambucus canadensis) is a plant native to North America with anthocyanin-rich fruits. Our objective was to investigate the effects of cultivar and ripeness on the phytochemical characteristics of its fruits and the corresponding color performance. Cultivars ‘Adams’, ‘Johns’, ‘Nova’, ‘Wyldewood’, and ‘York’ were examined for their °Brix, pH, anthocyanin (pH-differential method), and phenolic content (Folin-Ciocalteau method). Extract composition were analyzed by uHPLC-PDA-MS/MS. Color and spectra were determined using a plate reader. All characteristics evaluated were significantly affected by ripeness and cultivar, except for °Brix and total phenolic content, which did not vary significantly among cultivars. Most anthocyanins (63–72%) were acylated with p-coumaric acid, with cyanidin-3-(trans)-coumaroylsambubioside-5-glucoside the most predominant. The proportion of acylated anthocyanins was the only characteristic evaluated that decreased during ripening (from 80 to 70%). Extract from fully-ripened fruits exhibited red (lvis-max ~520 nm) and blue hues (lvis-max ~600 nm) at acidic and alkaline pH, respectively. Extracts from half-ripe fruit rendered yellowish tones and overall dull color. C-18 semi-purified extracts displayed higher color saturation (smaller L* and larger C*ab) than crude extracts. The vibrant and broad color expression of fully-ripened fruit extract, especially after C-18 purification, suggests this North American native plant as a promising natural colorant source.

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