Redescription and molecular analysis of Pallisentis (Pallisentis) nandai Sarkar, 1953 (Acanthocephala: Quadrigyridae) in India

Abstract Pallisentis (Pallisentis) nandai Sarkar, 1953 is a freshwater fish parasite restricted to the Indian subcontinent in the Ganga River and its tributaries. It was described from the leaffish, Nandus nandus (Hamilton) from the Ganga River delta at Calcutta. We recovered variant specimens from the same host species from the Ganga near its headwaters at Bijnor about 1500 km away. Our specimens were clearly identifiable as P. nandai but varied considerably from those in the original description, especially in the size of proboscis hooks, receptacle and lemnisci. The original description was incomplete (missing line drawings of female trunk and reproductive system, male trunk, complete proboscis, hooks and hook roots) and inaccurate (proboscis, hooks, receptacle wall), and some measurements were lumped together for both sexes. We provide a complete description and include new morphological information including the first description of para-receptacle structure in the genus Pallisentis Van Cleave, 1928, scanning electron microscopy and microscope images, molecular analysis, and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA) of hooks and spines of our specimens for the first time. Additional details of proboscis hook roots, trunk spines, micropores and micropore distribution are described. The unique metal composition of hooks (EDXA) demonstrated a considerably high but variable level of sulphur and negligible level of calcium in collar and trunk spines and hook tips, but a higher level of sulphur and calcium at the hook basal arch than at the hook tip and edge. A comparison with the EDXA pattern of another species of Pallisentis, P. İndica Mital & Lal, 1976, were considerably different. The phylogenetic position of P. nandai within Eoacanthocephala was generated to assess the molecular characterization based on 18S and ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 ribosomal DNA sequences. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses placed P. nandai in a clade with other Pallisentis species under the family Quadrigyridae. This is the first report based on molecular evidence for P. nandai.

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Hemiflagellochloris (Chlorophyceae, Chlorophyta), a new for Russian flora genus of green algae

Novosti sistematiki nizshikh rastenii ◽

10.31111/nsnr/2014.48.104 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 48 ◽

pp. 104-113

Author(s):

A. D. Temraleeva ◽

E. V. Mincheva ◽

Yu. S. Bukin ◽

M. V. Eltsov ◽

V. A. Demkin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Green Algae ◽

Molecular Analysis ◽

18S Rdna ◽

Phylogenetic Position ◽

Rdna Gene ◽

Algal Strain ◽

The North ◽

Volgograd Region ◽

First Time ◽

18S Rdna Gene

The genus Hemiflagellochloris Watanabe et al. was found in Russia for the first time. The algal strain was isolated from a buried solonetz in the zone of dry steppes (the north-end of Ergeni Hills, Volgograd Region). The morphology and ecology of this isolate are described. Its phylogenetic position within Chlorophyceae is determined by molecular analysis of 18S rDNA gene.

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A fresh look at Cladarosymblema narrienense, a tetrapodomorph fish (Sarcopterygii: Megalichthyidae) from the Carboniferous of Australia, illuminated via X-ray tomography

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.12597 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. e12597

Author(s):

Alice M. Clement ◽

Richard Cloutier ◽

Jing Lu ◽

Egon Perilli ◽

Anton Maksimenko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Original Description ◽

Sister Group ◽

Axial Skeleton ◽

Phylogenetic Position ◽

Micro Computed Tomography ◽

Holotype Specimen ◽

Freshwater Swamp ◽

The Family ◽

First Time ◽

Detailed Work

Background The megalichthyids are one of several clades of extinct tetrapodomorph fish that lived throughout the Devonian–Permian periods. They are advanced “osteolepidid-grade” fishes that lived in freshwater swamp and lake environments, with some taxa growing to very large sizes. They bear cosmine-covered bones and a large premaxillary tusk that lies lingually to a row of small teeth. Diagnosis of the family remains controversial with various authors revising it several times in recent works. There are fewer than 10 genera known globally, and only one member definitively identified from Gondwana. Cladarosymblema narrienense Fox et al. 1995 was described from the Lower Carboniferous Raymond Formation in Queensland, Australia, on the basis of several well-preserved specimens. Despite this detailed work, several aspects of its anatomy remain undescribed. Methods Two especially well-preserved 3D fossils of Cladarosymblema narrienense, including the holotype specimen, are scanned using synchrotron or micro-computed tomography (µCT), and 3D modelled using specialist segmentation and visualisation software. New anatomical detail, in particular internal anatomy, is revealed for the first time in this taxon. A novel phylogenetic matrix, adapted from other recent work on tetrapodomorphs, is used to clarify the interrelationships of the megalichthyids and confirm the phylogenetic position of C. narrienense. Results Never before seen morphological details of the palate, hyoid arch, basibranchial skeleton, pectoral girdle and axial skeleton are revealed and described. Several additional features are confirmed or updated from the original description. Moreover, the first full, virtual cranial endocast of any tetrapodomorph fish is presented and described, giving insight into the early neural adaptations in this group. Phylogenetic analysis confirms the monophyly of the Megalichthyidae with seven genera included (Askerichthys, Cladarosymblema, Ectosteorhachis, Mahalalepis, Megalichthys, Palatinichthys, and Sengoerichthys). The position of the megalichthyids as sister group to canowindrids, crownward of “osteolepidids” (e.g.,Osteolepis and Gogonasus), but below “tristichopterids” such as Eusthenopteron is confirmed, but our findings suggest further work is required to resolve megalichthyid interrelationships.

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Syntopy of cryptic Phyllomys (Rodentia: Echimyidae) species: description of the karyotype of Phyllomys nigrispinus and an expansion of the geographic distribution of Phyllomys sulinus

Mammalia ◽

10.1515/mammalia-2016-0149 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 82 (3) ◽

pp. 266-275 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ana Cláudia Delciellos ◽

Ana Carolina Loss ◽

Marcia Aguieiras ◽

Lena Geise ◽

Oscar Rocha-Barbosa

Keyword(s):

Atlantic Forest ◽

Molecular Analysis ◽

Dna Sequences ◽

National Park ◽

Phylogenetic Reconstruction ◽

First Record ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Geographic Range ◽

Undescribed Species ◽

First Time

Abstract The echimyid rodents of the genus Phyllomys are medium-sized arboreal spiny rats endemic to the Atlantic Forest of Brazil. The genus is currently composed of 13 species, although there are at least four other undescribed species. The ecology, zoogeography and diversity of the genus are still poorly understood. Here, we provide the first record of Phyllomys sulinus from the Brazilian state of Rio de Janeiro, based on a specimen collected in the Serra da Bocaina National Park, which extends the known geographic range of the species approximately 130 km to the northeast. At this site, P. sulinus occurred in syntopy with the cryptic Phyllomys nigrispinus. We describe the karyotype of P. nigrispinus for the first time and identify two different diploid numbers (2n=84 and 85). We also conducted a molecular analysis of the cytochrome b gene of five specimens, which we identified by phylogenetic reconstruction. Our findings reinforce the importance of molecular data, such as DNA sequences, and karyotypes for the differentiation of cryptic, syntopic species.

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Phylogeography of the scorpion M. сaucasicus (Nordmann 1840) within the range of the genus Mesobuthus (Vachon 1950) (Scorpiones: Buthidae)

Izvestiya of Saratov University New Series Series Chemistry Biology Ecology ◽

10.18500/1816-9775-2021-21-3-292-297 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 292-297

Author(s):

Nikita M. Poverennyi ◽

◽

Vasilii V. Anikin ◽

Keyword(s):

Dna Sequences ◽

Complex Analysis ◽

Phylogenetic Position ◽

Lower Volga Region ◽

Lower Volga ◽

Central Asian ◽

The Republic ◽

The Moment ◽

First Time ◽

New Habitats

Currently, new habitats of scorpions of the genus Mesobuthus have been established on the territory of the republics of Armenia and Dagestan. The aim of the study was to determine the phylogenetic position of scorpions inhabiting the territories of the Republic of Armenia and the Republic of Dagestan. This study contributes to the development of ideas about the zoogeographic distribution of the scorpion fauna in the Palaearctic. In the course of the research, phylogenetic relationships of the species Mesobuthus caucasicus from the territory of the Republic of Dagestan and Armenia with other taxa of the genus Mesobuthus from the Lower Volga region and southern Kazakhstan were established. This work is a continuation of the authors’ research on the study of phylogeny, morphological features and distribution of scorpions of the genus Mesobuthus in the Caspian, North Turan and Scythian regions. For the first time, DNA sequences for the СОI gene of the species M. caucasicus and M. eupeus from the territory of the Republic of Dagestan (Russia) and the Republic of Armenia were introduced into the complex analysis. A dendrogram was constructed based on the decoded nucleotide sequences of representatives of the populations of the Saratov, Volgograd, Astrakhan regions, the Republic of Dagestan, the Republic of Armenia and South Kazakhstan. It was found that representatives of M. caucasicus from Dagestan are included in the Central Asian complex of species of the genus Mesobuthus, in particular, they are close to the species M. fuscus, M. intermedius, M. kreuzbergi. As for scorpions from the populations of the Saratov, Volgograd, and Astrakhan regions, at the moment of research they form a separate cluster, which confirms their isolation from the species M. caucasicus and M. eupeus.

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No vagina, one vagina, or multiple vaginae? An integrative study of Pseudaxine trachuri (Monogenea, Gastrocotylidae) leads to a better understanding of the systematics of Pseudaxine and related genera

Parasite ◽

10.1051/parasite/2020046 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 ◽

pp. 50

Author(s):

Chahinez Bouguerche ◽

Fadila Tazerouti ◽

Delphine Gey ◽

Jean-Lou Justine

Keyword(s):

Male Copulatory Organ ◽

Genital Atrium ◽

Original Description ◽

Copulatory Organ ◽

Molecular Evidence ◽

Trachurus Trachurus ◽

Integrative Study ◽

First Time ◽

Boops Boops ◽

Erroneous Interpretation

The presence/absence and number of vaginae is a major characteristic for the systematics of the Monogenea. Three gastrocotylid genera share similar morphology and anatomy but are distinguished by this character: Pseudaxine Parona & Perugia, 1890 has no vagina, Allogastrocotyle Nasir & Fuentes Zambrano, 1983 has two vaginae, and Pseudaxinoides Lebedev, 1968 has multiple vaginae. In the course of a study of Pseudaxine trachuri Parona & Perugia 1890, we found specimens with structures resembling “multiple vaginae”; we compared them with specimens without vaginae in terms of both morphology and molecular characterisitics (COI barcode), and found that they belonged to the same species. We also investigated the male copulatory organ (MCO) of this species, the accuracy of the original description of which is known to be a matter of debate. We found that the genital atrium is armed with 12 hooks arranged as a single circle and a central hollow stylet which is probably involved in traumatic insemination. We redescribed Pseudaxine trachuri based on newly collected specimens from off the coast of Algeria and Museum specimens from off France. Specimens from the type-host, Trachurus trachurus, were found to be similar, for both molecular sequences and morphology, to those found on Boops boops. We can therefore confirm, for the first time with molecular evidence, that B. boops is a host of this parasite. We consider that Pseudaxinoides was erected on the basis of an erroneous interpretation of structures which are not vaginae and, consequently, propose the transfer of most of its species to Pseudaxine, as P. australis (Lebedev, 1968) n. comb., P. bychowskyi (Lebedev, 1977) n. comb., P. caballeroi (Lebedev, 1977) n. comb., P. cariacoensis (Nasir & Fuentes-Zambrano, 1983) n. comb., and P. vietnamensis (Lebedev, Parukhin & Roitman, 1970) n. comb. We also propose Allogastrocotyle dillonhargisorum nom. nov. for Pseudaxine bivaginalis Dillon & Hargis, 1965 to avoid a secondary homonymy.

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Redescription and extended geographical distribution of Peltaea chiquitana (Malvaceae, Malvoideae)

Rodriguésia ◽

10.1590/2175-7860202071070 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 71 ◽

Author(s):

Aluisio José Fernandes-Júnior ◽

Marco Octávio de Oliveira Pellegrini ◽

Gerleni Lopes Esteves ◽

Fábio de Barros

Keyword(s):

Geographical Distribution ◽

Original Description ◽

Field Work ◽

Seed Morphology ◽

Distribution Map ◽

Conservation Assessment ◽

Line Drawings ◽

First Time ◽

Electronic Microscope

Abstract Peltaea chiquitana has been a name of dubious identity due to the incomplete original description and original materials lacking fruits. Recent herbaria and field work studies have uncovered new data for this species. Thus, we present a redescription of P. chiquitana, including, for the first time, details of column, fruit, and seed morphology. An extended geographical distribution of P. chiquitana is presented, based on the first records of the species to Brazil. Furthermore, line drawings, scanning electronic microscope photographs, a distribution map, and a conservation assessment are presented here.

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Spread of the introduced species Laurencia caduciramulosa (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta) to the northwest Atlantic: A morphological and molecular analysis

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.183.2.2 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 183 (2) ◽

pp. 93 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ligia Collado-Vides ◽

VALÉRIA CASSANO ◽

JHOANA DÍAZ-LARREA ◽

ALAN DURAN ◽

AMANDA DA SILVA MEDEIROS ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Introduced Species ◽

Molecular Analysis ◽

Canary Islands ◽

Dna Sequences ◽

Original Description ◽

Marine Macroalgae ◽

Morphological Identification ◽

Biscayne Bay ◽

Marine Invasions ◽

A New Species

Introduction of species is a common problem in marine environments; marine macroalgae in particular have been reported to be introduced in all oceans, mainly through transport in ballast water, ship fouling and aquarium trade. The majority of the reported alien seaweeds belong to the Rhodophyta. Recently several species of the Laurencia complex have been reported, contributing to an increase of the number of red algae being successfully introduced. Since its description as a new species from Vietnam in 1997, Laurencia caduciramulosa has been spreading steadily with disjunct reports consistently finding specimens close to harbors or major ports. Biscayne Bay, Florida, home to one of the largest ports in USA, and surrounded by the Miami metropolis, is prone to receiving introduced species. This study reports the first introduction of L. caduciramulosa in Biscayne Bay, and its spread to the NW Atlantic. Morphological analysis demonstrated that the specimens collected in Crandon Park, Biscayne Bay, are similar to other specimens of the same species described for Vietnam (original description), Brazil, the Canary Islands and Cuba. Furthermore, molecular analysis using chloroplast-encoded rbcL DNA sequences corroborated the morphological identification. The phylogenetic results suggested that populations in Brazil, Canary Islands and Cuba are recent introductions, while the position of the Florida clade can be interpreted as a distinct and earlier introduction. Due to the level of expertise and knowledge of the Laurencia complex available, we suggest that in the future this group can be used as a model to conduct population genetics analysis of all described introductions in relation to native populations in order to describe patterns of expansion and provide an insight of marine invasions processes.

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Epimedium tianmenshanensis (Berberidaceae), a new species from central China

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.222.1.3 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 222 (1) ◽

pp. 33 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Dai-Gui Zhang ◽

Tao Deng ◽

Changkyun King ◽

Jianwen Zhang ◽

Zelong Nie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Dna Sequences ◽

Intergenic Spacer ◽

Distinct Group ◽

Central China ◽

Phylogenetic Position ◽

Molecular Evidence ◽

Floristic Survey ◽

Nuclear Its ◽

A New Species

A distinctive, previously undescribed species of Epimedium (Berberidaceae), which we propose naming E. tianmenshanensis, was found during a floristic survey in Hunan, China. It is similar to E. baojingense and E. franchetii, but has smaller flowers and petals with a short, blunt spur. We determined the phylogenetic position of the new species using DNA sequences of nuclear ITS and two chloroplast regions (atpB-rbcL intergenic spacer and matK). Molecular evidence indicates that E. tianmenshanensis occupies a distinct group related to E. baojingense.

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Morphological and molecular identification of specimens in the genus Euseius (Acari: Phytoseiidae) from the Republic of Congo

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4768.4.2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4768 (4) ◽

pp. 479-498

Author(s):

MIREILLE BELLE MBOU OKASSA ◽

DOLLON MBAMA NTABI ◽

ARSENE LENGA

Keyword(s):

Molecular Analysis ◽

Dna Sequences ◽

Principal Component ◽

Taxonomic Status ◽

Original Description ◽

Integrative Taxonomy ◽

Integrative Approach ◽

12S Rrna ◽

Dna Fragments ◽

The Republic

The purpose of this study was to identify the taxonomic status of several individuals belonging to the genus Euseius, collected from three host plants (cassava, okra, and chilli) in the Republic of the Congo, using morphometric and molecular analysis. For this, hierarchical ascending classification on principal component analysis was performed using morphological measurements from 21 and 22 individuals of E. fustis and Euseius sp., respectively, with the original description of Euseius neodossei considered. For molecular analysis, two DNA fragments were amplified and sequenced: the mitochondrial 12S rRNA and the nuclear ribosomal region ITSS. This integrative approach found that (1) morphological differences existed between the Euseius sp. and both E. neodossei and E. fustis, and (2) both mitochondrial DNA fragments showed a clear delineation between Euseius sp. and E. fustis. The results obtained highlight the value of using integrative taxonomy to improve the identification of species in under-sampled areas and the need to increase the number of DNA sequences deposited in GenBank database from this region. This is the first time that DNA sequences of mites from the Congo (Brazzaville) have been deposited in this database.

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New and newly recorded species of Psathyrella (Psathyrellaceae, Agaricales) from northeast China

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.321.1.7 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 321 (1) ◽

pp. 139 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

JUN-QING YAN ◽

TOLGOR BAU

Keyword(s):

Molecular Analysis ◽

Northeast China ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Changbai Mountain ◽

The Other ◽

Its Sequences ◽

Line Drawings ◽

First Time

Four species of Psathyrella—P. subspadiceogrisea sp. nov., P. boreifasciculata, P. gordonii, P. senex were discovered in northeast China. P. subspadiceogrisea is described as new from Changbai Mountain; the other three species are recorded in China for the first time. The specimens were identified based on morphological characteristics and molecular analysis of ITS sequences. Detailed morphological descriptions, line drawings and photographs are presented.

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