scholarly journals Qualitative or Quantitative Methods in the Serological Diagnosis of Enteric Infections?

1932 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 523-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Horgan
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Serological Diagnosis ◽  
Enteric Infection ◽  
Enteric Infections

1. “Normal” agglutinins for B. typhosus and B. paratyphosus B appear to be conclusively of the O type.2. Such agglutinins appear to be of consistently low titre and are absent in many sera.3. Normal agglutinins for B. paratyphosus A have not been encountered.4. O agglutinins are readily produced by inoculation of a T.A.B. vaccine, and may rise to as high titres as those encountered during an enteric infection.5. It is impossible to fix any limit for residual O agglutinins in inoculated persons.6. The value of examining for O agglutinins in enteric cases is confirmed.7. Some fallacies of a purely qualitative method are pointed out, and a plea is made for the inclusion of the principles of qualitative receptor analysis in a quantitative Widal.

scholarly journals On the Non-Specific Stimulation of Agglutinins. With Especial Reference to the Enteric Fevers and Typhus Fever

1929 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 418-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Felix
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Enteric Infection ◽  
Widal Test ◽  
Enteric Infections ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Specific Stimulation ◽  
Enteric Group ◽  
Typhus Fever ◽  
Stimulation Of

(1) The review of the published data furnishes additional evidence in support of the view that no technique whatsoever, Dreyer's technique included, based on the quantitative method of the agglutination reaction hitherto used, is capable of affording a differentiation between inoculation and infection agglutinins.(2) These techniques are concerned always exclusively in the demonstration of the labilotropic H agglutinins ofB. typhosusandB. paratyphosusA. and B. and it is the behaviour of these agglutinins that is the responsible factor in producing the phenomena.(3) In various febrile conditions in inoculated individuals these H agglutinins undergo a re-stimulation resulting in a curve of agglutination which is indistinguishable from that due to specific stimulation. The re-stimulation of the labilotropic inoculation agglutinins is of the same nonspecific character (i.e.heterologous) in the course of enteric infections as in the course of other febrile diseases.(4) The observation of this non-specific re-stimulation is independent of the technique used; living bacilli and suspensions preserved with phenol or formalin (Dreyer's technique included) do not in this respect behave differently.(5) The proposed qualitative method for the Widal test depends, in inoculated individuals, exclusively upon the behaviour of the stabilotropic O agglutinins. In their presence it is capable of affording the certain diagnosis of an enteric infection; in their absence the negative result of the test is not conclusive; if T.A.B. vaccine has been used it is only possible to diagnose enteric group without being able to differentiate typhoid from paratyphoid A. or B.; if T. vaccine has been used then A. or B. infection can be differentiated but not T.(1) The conclusions previously arrived at by means of the qualitative method of the Widal test were fully confirmed. By eliminating the labilotropic H agglutinins from any consideration—in the case of previously sensibilised individuals—agglutination due to the specific stimulation in active enteric infection can be distinguished definitely from that due to the nonspecific re-stimulation by various febrile diseases.(2) Normal and immune O agglutinins forB. typhosusandB. paratyphosusA. and B., as well as those forB. proteusX 19, are not liable to non-specific stimulation in the course of various febrile diseases.(3) One more of the supposed differences in nature between the Widal test and the Weil-Felix test is thereby eliminated.(4) The difference in the response to non-specific stimulation shown to exist in stabilotropic and labilotropic agglutination seems more likely to be one of degree than one in nature and needs further investigation.

scholarly journals A Utilização de Softwares no Ensino e Aprendizagem dos Cursos de Engenharia

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-151
Author(s):  
Carlos Alberto Gonçalves da Silva Maistro Machado ◽  
Angelica Da Fontoura Garcia Silva ◽  
Diego Fogaça Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Education ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Language Teaching ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Learning Processes ◽  
The Future ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Computational Technology

ResumoO estudo aqui exposto é parte de uma pesquisa de mestrado em andamento desenvolvida no Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Metodologias para o Ensino de Linguagens e suas Tecnologias. Trata-se de uma investigação que tem o propósito de retratar a pesquisa acadêmica encontrada no repositório de publicações da Associação Brasileira de Ensino em Engenharia – ABENGE –. Para a realização desta pesquisa bibliográfica buscou-se no repositório. os artigos publicados em um período de 12 anos – a partir de 2006 até 2018. Selecionou-se publicações que tiveram como foco a utilização de softwares para desenvolver processos de ensino e de aprendizagem de disciplinas de cursos de engenharia. Dos 397 artigos encontrados, 25 foram selecionados como instrumento de análise para esta pesquisa, dos quais, 14 deles foram publicados em 2017 e 2018. Analisando as tais publicações, pôde concluir que o método qualitativo se sobressaiu acima do quantitativo e quali-quanti, e ainda 44% dos artigos se basearam em questionários, avaliações ou entrevistas, seguidos de 40% de pesquisas bibliográficas. No tocante aos resultados foi possível identificar que quase a totalidade dos estudos concluiu que a utilização de diferentes metodologias, dentre elas softwares para o ensino, é fundamental para a inserção do futuro engenheiro ao mercado atual. Palavras-chave: Ensino de Engenharia. Processos de Ensino e de Aprendizagem. Tecnologia Computacional. AbstractThe study here presented is part of an ongoing master's research developed at the Stricto Sensu Postgraduate Program in Methodologies for Language Teaching and its Technologies. It is an investigation that has the purpose of portraying the academic research found in the repository of publications of the Brazilian Association of Engineering Teaching - ABENGE. In order to carry out this bibliographical research, the repository was searched for articles published over a period of 12 years - from 2006 to 2018. Publications that focused on the use of software to develop teaching and learning processes for engineering courses were selected. Of the 397 articles found, 25 were selected as analysis tools for this research, 14 of which were published in 2017 and 2018. Analyzing these publications, it was possible to conclude that the qualitative method stood out above the quantitative and quali-quantitative methods, and 44% of the articles were based on questionnaires, evaluations or interviews, followed by 40% of bibliographical research. Regarding the results, it was possible to identify that almost all the studies concluded that the use of different methodologies, including software for teaching, is fundamental for the insertion of the future engineer in the current market. Keyword: Engineering Education. Teaching and Learning Processes. Computational Technology.

scholarly journals Global affiliation of juvenile fishes and invertebrates with mangrove habitats

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-414
Author(s):  
Philine SE Zu Ermgassen ◽  
Thomas Grove ◽  
Ivan Nagelkerken
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Objective Method ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Invertebrate Species ◽  
East Pacific ◽  
Data Limitations ◽  
Percent Contribution ◽  
Method Of Assessment

Mangroves are critical fish and invertebrate habitats, however, identifying to what degree species are affiliated to mangrove systems remains challenging. Here we outline and apply two quantitative methods and one qualitative method for assessing the degree of mangrove affiliation globally at a species level , based on habitat-specific fish and invertebrate species densities extracted from an exhaustive search of the literature , for mangroves and their associated coastal habitats. We assessed all 121 species for which we had ≥7 mangrove records and, where data allowed, quantified the percent contribution of mangroves to the summed species density across all habitats. We set the threshold for identifying a species as "highly mangrove- affiliated" as ≥70% relative density, and examined its validity by subjecting a subset of species either side of the threshold to a thorough review of evidence for mangrove affiliation in the peer-reviewed literature. We found that 53 species were highly mangrove-affiliated, including 24 fish and three invertebrate species from the Atlantic East Pacific (AEP) and nine fish and 15 invertebrate species from the Indo-West Pacific (IWP; two species had global distributions). Thirty- six of the 53 species are of value to artisanal, subsistence, or commercial fisheries (AEP = 21, IWP = 13, Global = 2). While this list of highly mangrove-affiliated species is far from complete due to data limitations, it represents the first attempt to undertake a global overview of highly mangrove- affiliated species, and a proof of concept for a quantitative and objective method of assessment.

scholarly journals Community Participation In Tourism Management In Busai Village Homestay, Wangnamkheo District, Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Thailand

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aree Naipinit ◽  
Thirachaya Maneenetr
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Community Participation ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Local People ◽  
Tourist Attractions ◽  
Administrative Organization ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Methods ◽  
Tourism Management ◽  
Medium Level

The objective of this research was 1) to study community participation in tourism management at Busai Village Home Stay, Wangnamkheo District, Nakhon Ratchasim Province, and 2) to study the effect of the attitudes upon local tourism, particularly in Busai Village Homestay, Wangnamkheo District, Nakhon Ratchasima Province. This research used both qualitative and quantitative methods, and the population studied was 155 family leaders of households in Busai Village Homestay. In addition, we used content analysis in the qualitative method, and in the quantitative method, we analyzed 155 questionnaires utilizing percentage, arithmetic mean, and standard deviation with the SPSS/PC program. The findings were as follows: Community participation was high with regard to developing ideas for tourism management, in planning locations for tourist attractions and use of natural resources, in budgeting for supporting and developing tourist attractions, and  in viewing tourist attractions as financially beneficial for the community. Villagers’ participation in keeping attractions clean and safe, in beautifying the attractions, and in receiving information on tourism were also high. The community’s overall attitude toward tourism was at a medium level. A widely held opinion was that Tambon Administrative Organization (TAO) should accept the people’s ideas in order to develop a tourism management system because TAO has not cooperated with the local people in tourism management as it should have. Apart from this, the local people believe that all people are the owners of natural resources serving as tourist attractions and that all should be responsible for taking care of them.. The local people should not protest tourism management, and neither should they consider it as the responsibility of TAO only.

scholarly journals STUDI ETNOBOTANI TUMBUHAN BERKHASIAT OBAT YANG DIMANFAATKAN MASYARAKAT SUKU MELAYU KABUPATEN LINGGA PROVINSI KEPULAUAN RIAU

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ufara Qasrin ◽  
Agus Setiawan ◽  
Yulianty Yulianty ◽  
Afif Bintoro
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Methods ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Descriptive Research

Medicinal plants have long been used by traditional communities, one of them is the Malay people in Lingga Regency, Riau Islands Province in healing various diseases. This study aims to determine the types of medicinal plants based on local knowledge of the indigenous Malay people. The population of this research is the native Malay people of Lingga Regency and the sampling is done using the snowball sampling method so that the selected respondents are following the required data. This type of research is descriptive research with qualitative and quantitative methods. The qualitative method was used to find out the use of medicinal plants used by the community by interview while the quantitative method was used to find out the percent of the use of medicinal plants by the Malays from the interviews. Based on the results of the study there were 102 types of medicinal plants in 53 families. The most commonly used plant parts are leaves (45.10%) by boiling and the least used are seeds and bark (1.96%). The most used habitats were herbs (27.45%) and trees (26.47%) and the least used were liana (8.82%) and terna (3.92%). Diseases that are usually treated by people with plants are diseases that are commonly suffered by ordinary people such as fever, diarrhea, coughing, toothaches, itching and mouth sores.

scholarly journals Assessing Reading Text in English Textbook for Eleventh Grader Published by Ministry of Education and Culture

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohib Adrianto Sangia
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Learning Goals ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Readability Score ◽  
Text Readability ◽  
Reading Text ◽  
Good Reading ◽  
Text Features

This research is aiming to answer the problems concerning the reading text material in English Textbook for Eleventh Grader published by Ministry of Education and Culture based on theory of good reading text (Nuttall, 2005). From three criteria that are proposed, this research is focusing to the readability and Suitability of reading text. Readability means as a term which refers to all the text features effecting how one reads and understands a book as a tool in matching the text and the reader. Suitability gives the opportunity to achieving learning goals with the appropriate text.There are two methods used in assessing readability that are Miyazaki EFL Readability Formula and McAlpine® EFLAW Formula and both of them are quantitative methods. The readability formulas are used because they are created to determine text readability especially for EFL materials. In terms of assessing text suitability, the qualitative method is used by checking the target language covered by the reading text as the indicator of text suitability.Based on text readability, it finds that overall reading texts Miyazaki EFL Readability score is 54.38 that can be interpreted as the reading text in the level of fairly difficult and suitable to eleventh grader. While using McAlpine® EFLAW Formula, the readability score achieves 18.89 with the meaning that the reading text in English textbook of eleventh grader is very easy to understand. In terms of suitability, it finds that, from 22 items of target language that is expected to be covered by the text, there are only 12 items which contain the target language which means text suitability is about 54.54% from overall text.

scholarly journals ASSESSING READING TEXT IN ENGLISH TEXTBOOK FOR ELEVENTH GRADER PUBLISHED BY MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND CULTURE

Paramasastra ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohib Adrianto Sangia
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Readability Score ◽  
Text Readability ◽  
Reading Text ◽  
Good Reading ◽  
Readability Formula ◽  
Reading Texts

This research aims to answer the problems concerning the reading text material in English Textbook for Eleventh Grader published by Ministry of Education and Culture based on theory of good reading text (Nuttall, 2005). From three criteria proposed, this research focuses on the readability and suitability of reading text. There are two quantitative methods used in assessing readability, they are Miyazaki EFL Readability Formula and McAlpine® EFLAW Formula. In terms of assessing text suitability, the qualitative method is used by checking the target language covered by the reading text as the indicator of text suitability. Based on text readability, it is found out that overall reading texts Miyazaki EFL Readability score is 54.38 that can be interpreted as the reading text is in the level of fairly difficult and suitable to eleventh grader. While using McAlpine® EFLAW Formula, the readability score achieves 18.89, meaning that the reading text in English textbook of eleventh grader is easy to understand. In terms of suitability, it shows that, from 22 items of target language that is expected to be covered by the text, there are only 12 items which contain the target language which means text suitability is about 54.54% from overall text.

scholarly journals Analysing the tourism activity of seniors by applying the method of participant observation

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (33) ◽  
pp. 55-70
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Głąbiński
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Methods ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Tourism Activity ◽  
Dynamic Growth ◽  
Tourist Behaviour

Abstract Issues concerning seniors’ participation in tourism have been of increasing interest to many researchers. This results from their dynamic growth in the world’s most developed societies which, together with cultural changes, contributes to greater participation in various forms of tourism. So far, this phenomenon has been examined by applying quantitative methods, surveys being the most common. Some researchers state that qualitative methods may also be of great use in the analysis of tourist behaviour. Therefore, this article aims at presenting the methodological conditions of participant observation as a qualitative method for analysing such behaviour. Its use is exemplified by research findings on Polish seniors conducted among participants of package tours to various European countries. It presents observations concerning their behaviour in both time and space. Special attention was paid to seniors’ motives and the forms of tourism those motives led to.

scholarly journals Integrative Review of Qualitative Research on the Emotional Experience of Bullying Victimization in Youth

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Hutson
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
English Language ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Integrative Review ◽  
Bullying Victimization ◽  
Emotional Experiences ◽  
Resource Center ◽  
Critical Appraisal Skills

The emotional experience of bullying victimization in youths has been documented primarily using quantitative methods; however, qualitative methods may be better suited to examine the experience. An integrative review of the qualitative method studies addressing the emotional experience of bullying victimization was conducted. From MEDLINE, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PubMed, Education Information Resource Center, and PsycINFO, 14 English-language, peer-reviewed, qualitative studies were reviewed. Applying the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme, the quality of the studies was deemed sufficient. The range of emotional experiences reported included sadness, decreased self-esteem, embarrassment, fear, suicidal thinking, anger, feeling hurt, loneliness, powerlessness, helplessness, and confusion. Overall, these results were similar to those obtained from quantitative method studies, apart from the feeling of embarrassment. This integrative review confirmed and expanded the knowledge of emotional experiences of bullying victimization.

scholarly journals Double enteric infection (‘la fièvre typhoïde intriquée’). An account of an epidemic

1951 ◽  
Vol 49 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 299-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Batty Shaw ◽  
H. A. F. Mackay
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Polymyxin B ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Enteric Infection ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Cultural Methods ◽  
Enteric Infections ◽  
Enteric Group ◽  
Fièvre Typhoïde

1. A double enteric infection is defined as the simultaneous infection of an individual or group of individuals with two organisms of the enteric group. The literature of the previously recorded cases and epidemics, in which the diagnosis of double enteric infection has been established by cultural methods, is reviewed.2. An account is given of a double enteric outbreak of seventy–six cases which occurred amongst British troops and police at Acre, Palestine, in 1948. The infection is thought to have been due to contamination of the water supply with sewage during the civil disturbances. The diagnosis was established bacteriologi–cally in seventy-four cases (93.3%);Salm. typhi was isolated in forty–three cases, Salm. paratyphi B in three, and both Salm. typhi and Salm. paratyphi B from twenty–eight cases. There were three fatal cases in the epidemic (mortality rate = 3·94%).3. The morbidity rate from enteric fever among the infantry unit was 60%, and among the Palestine police, 17%. The possible reasons for this difference is discussed, and the conclusion drawn that it was probably due to the Palestine policemen being older men, with longer overseas service and more 'seasoned' to life in subtropical conditions.4. Thirteen cases were treated with polymyxin B (15 mg. 4-hourly for 4-day periods); with this small dose no beneficial therapeutic effects were observed, and ten cases showed evidence of renal damage while under treatment.5. The bacteriology, epidemiology and clinical aspects of double enteric infections are discussed. The diagnosis of a double enteric infection may be established with the greatest certainty by blood culture. Such infections are usually water-borne or milk-borne, and tend to occur when there has been a severe breach of hygiene, e.g. in the contamination of a water supply by sewage. The claim that the prognosis in instances of double enteric infection is worse than with single infections is not supported by the experiences at Acre where the three fatal cases occurred in cases infected with Salm. typhi alone.

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