scholarly journals Cleaning of hospital floors with oiled mops

1963 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Babb ◽  
H. A. Lilly ◽  
E. J. L. Lowbury
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Staff ◽  
Hospital Ward ◽  
Airborne Bacteria ◽  
Vacuum Cleaner ◽  
Tank Model ◽  
Bacterial Counts ◽  
Staph Aureus ◽  
Repeated Use ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cleaning Methods

A comparison was made of three methods for the removal of dust from a hospital ward floor.The viable bacterial counts of impression plates from the floor showed a mean reduction of 51 % after cleaning with fresh oiled mops, 40 % after cleaning with a tank model vacuum cleaner and 5 % after sweeping with a broom.The mean proportions of airborne bacteria, compared with viable counts before cleaning, were 192 % during and 194 % after cleaning with a broom; 128 % during and 103 % after cleaning with an oiled mop, and 82 % during and 48 % after cleaning with a vacuum cleaner. On repeated use the oiled mop dispersed almost as much dust as a broom, but this settled rapidly from the air.The effects of these cleaning methods on counts of presumptive Staph. aureus on the floor and in the air were similar to those found in counts of total organisms.We wish to thank Mr M. D. Wilkins for valuable assistance, the Domestic Superintendent and staff and the nursing staff for their co-operation, and Messrs Leeming Brothers Limited for supplies of ‘Kex’ mops and equipment.

The Hard Sell

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Scott
Keyword(s):  
Price Competition ◽  
New Economy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vacuum Cleaner ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Direct Sales ◽  
Cost Distribution ◽  
Household Cleaning ◽  
Time Savings ◽  
Cleaning Methods

The vacuum cleaner was an archetypal new economy product of the early twentieth century. It offered both major time savings and qualitative advantages over previous household cleaning methods—the brush, broom, and manual carpet sweeper—and was sold in a novel way (by household demonstration). The direct sales techniques pioneered by vacuum manufacturers in the United States were to have a profound impact on the way vacuums were sold in Britain, and globally. Yet by 1939 their household diffusion was relatively slow compared to refrigerators or washing machines. This chapter explores why the industry evolved a structure based on high prices, high cost distribution methods (door-to-door sales), and a strong emphasis on non-price competition, based on differentiation through features. It also shows how door-to-door selling eventually came to constitute both a key firm-level competitive advantage and a substantial industry-level constraint on product diffusion.

scholarly journals Quantitation of Bacteria in Blood of Typhoid Fever Patients and Relationship between Counts and Clinical Features, Transmissibility, and Antibiotic Resistance

1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1683-1687 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Wain ◽  
To Song Diep ◽  
Vo Anh Ho ◽  
Amanda M. Walsh ◽  
Nguyen Thi Tuyet Hoa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Buffy Coat ◽  
Broth Culture ◽  
Bacterial Counts ◽  
Duration Of Illness ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Independent Association ◽  
Number Of Bacteria

Salmonella typhi was isolated from 369 andSalmonella paratyphi A was isolated from 6 of 515 Vietnamese patients with suspected enteric fever. Compared with conventional broth culture of blood, direct plating of the buffy coat had a diagnostic sensitivity of 99.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 97.1 to 100%). Blood bacterial counts were estimated by the pour plate method. The median S. typhi count in blood was 1 CFU/ml (range, <0.3 to 387 CFU/ml), of which a mean of 63% (95% CI, 58 to 67%) were intracellular. The mean number of bacteria per infected leukocyte was 1.3 (interquartile range [IQR], 0.7 to 2.4) CFU/cell (n = 81). Children (<15 years old;n = 115) had higher median blood bacterial counts than adults (n = 262): 1.5 (range, <0.3 to 387) versus 0.6 (range, <0.3 to 17.7) CFU/ml (P = 0.008), and patients who excreted S. typhi in feces had higher bacteremias than those who did not: a median of 3 (range, <0.3 to 32) versus 1 (range, <0.3 to 68) CFU/ml (P = 0.02). Blood bacterial counts declined with increasing duration of illness (P = 0.002) and were higher in infections caused by multidrug-resistant S. typhi (1.3 [range, <0.3 to 387] CFU/ml; n = 313) than in infections caused by antibiotic-sensitive S. typhi (0.5 [range, <0.3 to 32] CFU/ml; n = 62) (P = 0.006). In a multivariate analysis this proved to be an independent association, suggesting a relationship between antibiotic resistance and virulence in S. typhi.

Removal of antiacetylcholine receptor antibodies by protein-A immunoadsorption in myasthenia gravis

1994 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 603-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Berta ◽  
P. Confalonieri ◽  
O. Simoncini ◽  
G. Bernardi ◽  
G. Busnach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myasthenia Gravis ◽  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Neuromuscular Transmission ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Neurological Impairment ◽  
Staphylococcal Protein A ◽  
Repeated Use ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Receptor Antibodies ◽  
Optimal Candidate

Myasthenia Gravis is an autoimmune disease in which autoantibodies to the acetylcholine receptor interfere with neuromuscular transmission. Plasma exchange is effective in temporarily relieving the symptoms of the disease, but for repeated use the lack of selectivity and need for replacement fluids (which increases the risk of contracting viral diseases) are important drawbacks. Staphylococcal protein A, a potent ligand for immunoglobulins, that interacts negligibly with other plasma proteins, appears to be an optimal candidate for removing antiacetylcholine receptor antibodies, which are mostly IgG. We treated three patients with severe immunosuppression-resistant myasthenia gravis with protein A immunoadsorption. Neurological impairment significantly improved in all patients. After immunoadsorption of 1.5-2 plasma volumes per session, the mean percentage reductions for serum IgG and specific autoantibodies were 71% and 82% respectively. No major side effects occurred. Protein A immunoadsorption appears to be a safe, efficient and effective alternative to plasmaexchange for selected myasthenic patients requiring prolonged apheresis.

scholarly journals Peak Discharge and Hydrograph Assessments Induced by Heavy Rainfall Events Using Tank Model

2018 ◽  
Vol 207 ◽  
pp. 02001
Author(s):  
Yen-Kun Hsu ◽  
Szu-Hsien Peng ◽  
Chiao-Wen Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Debris Flow ◽  
Flow Simulation ◽  
Rain Gauge ◽  
Peak Discharge ◽  
Soil Horizon ◽  
Tank Model ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Heavy Rainfall Events ◽  
Better Than

Tank Model is a kind of simulation of rainfall movement in soil horizon. With the runoff and piping rate, the peak discharge could be effectively calculated. Having 17 rain gauge stations in 13 debris flow events during 1996-2010 as the studied cases, the peak discharge at 12 control points along Chenyulan River is simulated. Furthermore, the data in Neimaopu discharge station is established parameters of Tank Model to estimate the peak discharge in Shenmu Village. By comparing with the parameters of Shueili Station and Japanese Granite, the mean error of the parameter in this study is 51.0%, which is better than those of Japanese Granite 189% and Shueili discharge stations 251%. The parameter in this study appears the highest in allowance analysis, showing that it is more suitable for simulating the peak discharge than the other two. In spite that the percentage of the three parameters is still low, Shenmu Village could be ignored as it locates in the sub-basin of Chenyulan River with few factors. The parameters of Tank Model are applied to transform average rainfall into hydrograph so as to solve the problem of no discharge records when analysing the areas with various debris flow simulation programs.

scholarly journals Thermal comfort of patients in hospital ward areas

1977 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Smith ◽  
A. Rae
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Hospital Ward ◽  
Patient Comfort ◽  
Mean Radiant Temperature ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Assessment Techniques ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Radiant Temperature

SUMMARYThe patient is identified as being of prime importance for comfort standards in hospital ward areas, other ward users being expected to adjust their dress to suit the conditions necessary for patient comfort. A study to identify the optimum steady state conditions for patient comfort is then described.Although this study raises some doubts as to the applicability of the standard thermal comfort assessment techniques to ward areas, it is felt that its results give a good indication of the steady-state conditions preferred by the patients. These were an air temperature of between 21.5° and 22° C and a relative humidity of between 30% and 70%, where the air velocity was less than 0.1 m/s and the mean radiant temperature was close to air temperature.

scholarly journals Dimensioning of nursing staff in outpatient chemotherapy: application of the Workload Indicators of Staffing Need

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Vivas dos Santos ◽  
Raquel Rapone Gaidzinski
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Staff ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Working Time ◽  
World Health ◽  
Prospective Data ◽  
Work Sampling ◽  
Outpatient Chemotherapy ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Nursing Professionals

ABSTRACT Objective: To apply the method developed by the World Health Organization, called Workload Indicators of Staffing Need for dimensioning the nursing staff for the care of cancer patients in a Chemotherapy outpatient clinic. Method: This is a quantitative, observational, documentary field study with an intentional sample. Prospective data were collected through the work sampling method. Results: Seventeen nurses and 12 nursing technicians participated in the study. A total of 3,727 observations were performed and were obtained the mean times and the relative working time of 23 nurses’ interventions and 18 nursing technicians’ interventions. The interventions corresponded to 88.5% of the relative working time of nurses and 83.9% of nursing technicians. Personal activities accounted for 8.2% of the relative working time of nurses and 7.9% of nursing technicians. The reliability test resulted in 86.3% concordance. Conclusion: The similarity between the staff required according to the method studied and the current staff showed that the Workload Indicators of Staffing Need has great potential and applicability for dimensioning nursing professionals safely.

scholarly journals Impact of Thawing Methods on the Bacteriological Quality of Chicken Meat

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 214-219
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Microwave Oven ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
Easy Method ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Bacterial Counts ◽  
Staph Aureus ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Bacteriological Quality

This study was designed to investigate the effect of different thawing methods on the bacteriological quality of frozen broiler chicken meat. Forty-five samples of whole frozen broiler chicken carcasses were collected from different supermarkets in Cairo and Giza governorates. These samples were divided into three groups (fifteen samples for each) as follows: the first group was thawed in a household refrigerator at 7ºC for 20hrs., the 2nd group was thawed over the counter-top at ambient temperature (27-29ºC) for 5-6hrs. while, the 3rd group was thawed in microwave oven for 22 to 24mins. All thawed samples (core temperature arrived at 0ºC) were subjected to bacteriological examination immediately after thawing for enumeration of total aerobic mesophilic bacterial count, Staph. aureus count, total Coliforms count and isolation of food borne pathogens such as E. coli, Salmonella and Staph. aureus. In addition, all isolated bacterial strains were exposed to antimicrobial sensitivity test. The results revealed that the lowest bacterial counts were observed in samples thawed in microwave oven, while the highest bacterial counts were recorded in samples thawed over counter-top. Moreover, Staph. aureus, E. coli and S. kentucky were isolated only from samples thawed over the counter-top and these strains were resistant to amoxicillin and sensitive to fosfomycin. Such results indicated that defrosting in microwave oven is quick and easy method for thawing frozen broiler chicken carcasses and provides an appropriate level of security for the consumers and could achieve the microbiological safety objectives while, thawing over counter-top not recommended due to food safety and quality aspect.

scholarly journals Bacterial load of the surface of some selected Automated Teller Machines (ATMs) in Kano Metropolis, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-79
Author(s):  
S.M. Rufa’I
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Bacterial Counts ◽  
Automated Teller Machines ◽  
Standard Plate Count ◽  
Automatic Teller Machine ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean

An Automated Teller Machine (ATM), also known as Automated Banking Machine (ABM) or cash machine and several other names, is a computerized telecommunication device that provides access to financial transactions in a public space without the need for a cashier or other intermediaries. The Automatic Teller Machine (ATM) has been widely used due to its convenience but also serves as a source of bacterial contamination. The aim of this work was to determine the bacterial load of surfaces of selected ATMs in Kano metropolis. Swab samples were collected from four (4) selected areas and ten (10) different study sites. The samples were collected using swabbing technique and standard plate count was employed for the enumeration of bacterial counts. The mean bacterial counts ranged between the lowest count of 1.20 x 102cfu/cm2 and the highest count of 1.78 x 102cfu/cm2 and the mean count of individual machine ranged from 1.70 x 101 cfu/cm2 upto 6.00 x 101cfu/cm2. All the ATMs were found to be contaminated. It could thus be concluded that the ATMs studied present a very great risk factor for cross contamination. The general public should therefore be enlightened on the possible health hazards associated with such items like ATMs and thus advised for strict personal hygiene and regular washing of hands before and after contact with ATMs so as to reduce the possible transfer of bacterial diseases and/or infections. Keywords: Automated Teller Machines (ATMs), Bacteria, Contamination, Kano metropolis.

scholarly journals Feasibility of a Nurse-Led Weekend Group Exercise Program for People after Stroke

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Katharine Scrivener ◽  
Raymond Tourany ◽  
Mary McNamara-Holmes ◽  
Karl Schurr ◽  
Simone Dorsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Nursing Staff ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Feasible Method ◽  
Retrospective Audit ◽  
Task Practice ◽  
Exercise Class ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Type Of Exercise

Background. Additional physical activity including repetitive task practice can improve outcomes after stroke. The additional practice can be facilitated by therapists and family members or could also be delivered by nursing staff. Objective. To investigate the feasibility of a nurse-led weekend exercise program after stroke. Participants. Individuals after stroke, who participated in a weekend exercise program during their hospital admission. Methods. A retrospective audit of the number of referrals to and amount of exercise repetitions achieved in a nurse-led weekend exercise program was undertaken. The weekend exercise program occurs on each Saturday and Sunday for one hour. The repetitions of exercise completed during each class were documented by staff. An audit was conducted to ascertain the amount and type of exercise completed within the class. Results. During the study period 284 people were referred to the exercise program. The mean number of exercise repetitions completed per participant in each class was 180.7 (SD 205.4). The number of exercise repetitions completed by participants was highly variable ranging from 0 to 1190 per class. Conclusion. The amount of average exercise repetitions completed in the Weekend Warrior program was large but with significant variability. A nurse-led exercise class is a feasible method of delivering exercise opportunities to individuals in hospital after stroke.

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