scholarly journals Incidence of bluetongue virus precipitating antibodies in sera of some domestic animals in the Sudan

1979 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 539-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Eisa ◽  
A. E. Karrar ◽  
A. H. Abd Elrahim
Keyword(s):  
Bluetongue Virus ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Domestic Animal ◽  
Virus Antigen ◽  
Serological Study ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Agar Gel ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Resistance To Infection

To determine the presence and prevalence of bluetongue (BT) infection in a variety of domestic animal species in different geographical regions of the Sudan, a serological study using the agar gel precipitation technique was initiated. A total of 2142 serum samples were examined. Of the numbers tested approximately 28% of sheep, 11.2% of goats, 8% of cattle and 4.9% of camels were positive for group-specific antibodies to BT virus antigen, indicating previous exposure to BT infection. None of the samples tested from horses or donkeys were positive. The findings suggest that the disease is widely distributed in most parts of the Sudan where possible insect vectors prevail and may be endemic in sheep in Juba District, Equatoria Province, Southern Region. Goats appeared to have some degree of resistance to infection compared with sheep, and there seemed to be no significant differences in positive rates between farm and free-range cattle.It is concluded that BT infection may cause clinical disease in sheep, while it is probably subclinical or inapparent in goats, cattle and camels of the Sudan.

scholarly journals Detection of bluetongue virus antibodies in sheep from Paraná, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 879
Author(s):  
Maria Carolina Ricciardi Sbizera ◽  
Luiz Fernando Coelho da Cunha Filho ◽  
Michele Lunardi ◽  
Simone Fernanda Nedel Pertile ◽  
Thais Helena Constantino Patelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bluetongue Virus ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Agar Gel ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
High Occurrence ◽  
Predominant Factor ◽  
World Organization

Bluetongue (BT) is an infectious and non-contagious disease caused by bluetongue virus (BTV) belonging to the genus Orbivirus. It is transmitted by a hematophagous vector, Culicoides sp., to ruminants, particularly to sheep, which are most susceptible to this disease. The main serological tests are agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID), which is recommended by the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE), and the competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA), which has the advantage of no cross-reaction with other orbiviruses. The aim was to compare the results of these two tests by conducting them on sera collected from sheep in the state of Paraná, Brazil. From March to October 2017, serum samples were collected from 270 sheep from 10 farms in six mesoregions of Paraná. The samples were subjected to AGID and cELISA to detect antibodies against BTV. Based on the test results, we classified the sheep as low, moderate, and high occurrence. The results demonstrated that 64.81% (175/270) of the sheep were seropositive through the cELISA test, showing a high occurrence, and 41.11% (111/270) were seropositive through the AGID test, indicating a moderate occurrence. The concordance between the tests was moderate (0.51) as determined by the Kappa coefficient. Among the studied farms, 90% (9/10) presented at least one seropositive sheep, and the number of animals tested positive by the cELISA test was higher than those by the AGID test. Favorable climate, which favors the presence and multiplication of the culicoid vector and the occurrence of infection, was the biggest predominant factor responsible for the obtained results. The low occurrence in farms with milder climate suggest that the presence of antibodies also occurs due to the low pathogenicity of circulating serotypes in the different mesoregions studied. It is concluded that BTV infection is present in the sheep herds in Paraná, and the occurrence was moderate detected by AGID test and high detected by cELISA test.

scholarly journals Parturition in Mammals: Animal Models, Pain and Distress

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2960
Author(s):  
Julio Martínez-Burnes ◽  
Ramon Muns ◽  
Hugo Barrios-García ◽  
Dina Villanueva-García ◽  
Adriana Domínguez-Oliva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Labour Pain ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Domestic Animal ◽  
Birth Process ◽  
Pain Mechanisms ◽  
The Public ◽  
Human Labour ◽  
Experience Pain

Parturition is a complex physiological process and involves many hormonal, morphological, physiological, and behavioural changes. Labour is a crucial moment for numerous species and is usually the most painful experience in females. Contrary to the extensive research in humans, there are limited pain studies associated with the birth process in domestic animals. Nonetheless, awareness of parturition has increased among the public, owners, and the scientific community during recent years. Dystocia is a significant factor that increases the level of parturition pain. It is considered less common in polytocous species because newborns’ number and small size might lead to the belief that the parturition process is less painful than in monotocous animal species and humans. This review aims to provide elements of the current knowledge about human labour pain (monotocous species), the relevant contribution of the rat model to human labour pain, and the current clinical and experimental knowledge of parturition pain mechanisms in domestic animals that support the fact that domestic polytocous species also experience pain. Moreover, both for women and domestic animal species, parturition’s pain represents a potential welfare concern, and information on pain indicators and the appropriate analgesic therapy are discussed.

scholarly journals Ecotopic infection of cattle with Fasciola gigantica: parasitological and pathological studies

1999 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-123
Author(s):  
R. Y. AL-Kubaisee ◽  
M. J. Alwan ◽  
B. AL- Kaisee
Keyword(s):  
Portal Vein ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Domestic Animal ◽  
Fasciola Gigantica ◽  
The World ◽  
First Time ◽  
Pathogenic Effects

Out of 1250 bovine fasciolliasis. 10 cattle were found to have lung fascioliasis, one cow had abomasal fascioliasis and another one wih renal fascioliasis.  The recovered flukes were identified as immature spec imens of Fassciola gigantica .Gross and histopathology of the lesions were studied. The occurrence of Fasciola gigantica in kideny and abomasum was recorded for the first time :  Introduction Infection with Fasciola gigantica is an important cause of disease and economic loss in domestic animals in many parts of the world. Among the effects attributed 10 flucke infection are loss of condition , reduced meat and milk production reduced fertility and rendering of livers unsuitable for human consumpiior. . Severe infection may cause death either directly or indirecily by inzitiating or aggravating bacterial infection (1). One of the reasons making F.gigantica more pathogenic ihan F.hepatica is frequent ecotopic occurence of F.gigantica in most of the domestic animal species (1,2,3). Ectopic ovine F.gigantica infection was reported in spleen, lung, heart, diphragm and portal vein, in additional the liver (4,5). In cattle F.hepatica_ could only produce lesions in the liver but F.gigantica extended its pathogenic effects to the lung tissue (3,6).  The aim of this study is to elucidate the occurence of F.gigantica in organs other than the liver with parasitological and pathological investigation. 

scholarly journals Epidemiological and Serological Study of Leishmaniasis in Najran Region, Saudi Arabia

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Mokhtar I. Khalil ◽  
Mosa M. Bahnass ◽  
M. I. M Abdallah
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Serological Study ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Hemagglutination Assay ◽  
Disease Epidemiology ◽  
Indirect Hemagglutination ◽  
Human Leishmaniasis ◽  
Animal Reservoirs

Leishmaniasis is a public health and veterinary hazard. Screening of serum samples of 384 human and 387 domestic animals were carried out by indirect hemagglutination assay (IHAT) to detect antibodies against L. donovani and to see the involvement of animal reservoirs in Najran region, Saudi Arabia. The overall prevalence of human Leishmaniasis infection in Najran area, Saudi Arabia was 8.3%. The prevalence rate of human Leishmaniasis was significantly higher in summer (21.9 %) and spring (8.3%) than in winter and autumn. In addition, the prevalence rate of human Leishmaniasis was significantly higher in old age (17.6%) and young period (7.3%). Out of 53 females and 331 males, 3 (5.7%) females and 29 (8.8%) males were found to be infected with human Leishmaniasis, respectively. The highest titer in human was 1/256 with percentage of 43.8%. Antibody against L. donovani in domestic animals was detected and the overall proportion of occurrence was 1.6%. The prevalence rate of Leishmaniasis infection was significantly higher in goats than in sheep, camel and horses. The highest titer (1/512) was in goats. The study was thrown light on infected African and Asian workers as source of Leishmaniasis infection. Also, this study suggests the possibility of varied species of domestic animals to harbor the parasite and hence play a central role in the transmission. Consequently, this may hurdle our clarification of disease epidemiology.

scholarly journals The Tonsils Revisited: Review of the Anatomical Localization and Histological Characteristics of the Tonsils of Domestic and Laboratory Animals

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Casteleyn ◽  
Sofie Breugelmans ◽  
Paul Simoens ◽  
Wim Van den Broeck
Keyword(s):  
Soft Palate ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Domestic Animal ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Palatine Tonsils ◽  
Anatomical Localization ◽  
Histological Images ◽  
Histological Characteristics

This paper gives an overview of the anatomical localization and histological characteristics of the tonsils that are present in ten conventional domestic animal species, including the sheep, goat, ox, pig, horse, dog, cat, rabbit, rat, and pigeon. Anatomical macrographs and histological images of the tonsils are shown. Six tonsils can be present in domestic animals, that is, the lingual, palatine, paraepiglottic, pharyngeal, and tubal tonsils and the tonsil of the soft palate. Only in the sheep and goat, all six tonsils are present. Proper tonsils are absent in the rat, and pigeon. In the rabbit, only the palatine tonsils can be noticed, whereas the pig does not present palatine tonsils. The paraepiglottic tonsils lack in the ox, horse, and dog. In addition, the dog and cat are devoid of the tubal tonsil and the tonsil of the soft palate.

scholarly journals Brucella spp. in equines slaughtered in the south region of Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 853-857 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.F. Santos ◽  
G.C.P. Silva ◽  
N.A. Assis ◽  
L.A. Mathias
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Domestic Animal ◽  
Cervical Region ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Bovine Brucellosis ◽  
Reproductive Disorders ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Raw Meat

ABSTRACT Bacteria of the genus Brucella are widespread in many countries. These microorganisms can infect humans and many wild and domestic animal species. These bacteria have zoonotic potential, and can cause economic and public health problems since they can be transmitted by direct contact with sick animals, through consumption of contaminated milk, raw meat and its derivatives (Soares et al., 2015). Brucellosis is considered a chronic evolving disease, unusual in horses, predominantly caused by Brucella abortus. However, it is not characterized by reproductive disorders in horses, but primarily by abscess in the cervical region, bursa, tendons, and joints. Transmission is likely to occur via ingestion of contaminated water and pastures, especially in areas endemic for bovine brucellosis (Ribeiro et al., 2008). The slaughterhouse is a strategic point for obtaining information about the animal and animal products, edible or not. This study investigated the presence of anti-Brucella spp. immunoglobulins in the serum samples from horses slaughtered in a slaughterhouse in southern Brazil, to estimate the frequency of Brucella spp. antibodies and determine the spatial distribution of the cases.

scholarly journals Serological survey of bluetongue virus in sheep from Minas Gerais

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 261-265
Author(s):  
Daniel A. Biihrer ◽  
Adriana S. Albuquerque ◽  
Adriana H.C.N. Romaldini ◽  
Edviges M. Pituco ◽  
Ana Carolina D. Matos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Bluetongue Virus ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serological Survey ◽  
Kappa Index ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Agar Gel ◽  
Perfect Agreement ◽  
Wild Ruminants

ABSTRACT: Bluetongue is an infectious, non-contagious disease that affects domestic and wild ruminants, caused by a virus from the Orbivirus genus, Reoviridae family, transmitted by arthropod vectors of the Culicoides genus. This paper aims to be the first serological survey of bluetongue in sheep from the Meso-regions of Campo das Vertentes and South and Southeast of Minas Gerais. Samples were collected from sheep from different properties. The serum samples were submitted to Agar Gel Immunodiffusion (AGID) and competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (cELISA). 303 serum samples were submitted to AGID and cELISA. In these samples, 164 (54.13%) were positive in the AGID technique, and 171 (56.44%) positive in the cELISA technique, with an almost perfect agreement between the techniques (kappa index = 0.887). In all visited properties, positive animals have been found in the herd. Animals acquired from properties of the studied mesoregions were more likely to be positive in IDGA and cELISA tests than animals acquired from properties in other regions of Brazil (p<0.001). These results suggest that bluetongue virus (BTV) is widespread in the mesoregions of Campo das Vertentes and South and Southeast of Minas Gerais.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Pythium insidiosum infection in equine in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Weiblen ◽  
Gustavo Machado ◽  
Francielli Pantella Kunz de Jesus ◽  
Janio Morais Santurio ◽  
Régis Adriel Zanette ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rio Grande ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Serological Study ◽  
Porto Alegre ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Pythium Insidiosum ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Equine Infectious Anemia

ABSTRACT: An epidemiological survey was carried out by performing an Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA) test to determine the seroprevalence of Pythium insidiosum infection in equine in Rio Grande do Sul State (RS), Brazil. The serological study covered seven geographical regions of RS, classified according to the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). The samples were obtained from official veterinary service (Serviço Veterinário Oficial, SVO) linked to the Secretaria da Agricultura, Pecuária e Agronegócio of RS (SEAPA-RS) to proceed the investigation of equine infectious anemia in 2014. Samples were collected during the months of September and October of 2013, covering the seven geographical regions of RS, and totalized 1,002 serum samples. The seroprevalence for P. insidiosum in RS was 11.1% (CI95% 9.23 to 13.22). The relative risk (RR) of the presence of antibodies anti-P. insidiosum was in the regions Southeast 11.17 (CI95%, 4.65 to 26.8), Porto Alegre 4.62 (CI95%, 1.70 to 12.55), Southwest 11.17 (CI95%, 4.65 to 26.8) and Northwestern 3.72 (CI95%, 1.52 to 9.09). The highest prevalence (69.1%) was observed in females with RR of 1.59 (CI95%, 1.11 to 2.27). When the presence of dams was evaluated, the seropositivity was evident in 74.4%, presenting an association of 2.13 (CI95%, 1.16 to 3.91) compared to farms without dams. In properties with veterinary assistance, the frequency of 72.7% and RR of 3.04 (CI95%,, 1,85 to 4,98) of seropositivity were observed. Due to the importance of pythiosis in horse herds, this study highlights the presence of anti-P. insidiosum antibodies in horses in RS, Brazil.

MONITORING STUDIES OF ARBOVIRUS INFECTIONS TRANSMITTED BY MOSQUITOES ON THE TERRITORY OF THE VOLGOGRAD REGION

2019 ◽  
pp. 60-66
Author(s):  
E.V. Molchanova ◽  
D.N. Luchinin ◽  
A.O. Negodenko ◽  
D.R. Prilepskaya ◽  
N.V. Boroday ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Antigen ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Blood Sucking ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Volgograd Region ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Probable Presence ◽  
California Serogroup ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus

The paper presents data from the monitoring studies’ results of arbovirus infections transmitted by mosquitoes in the Volgograd region. West Nile virus antigen (WNV) in 9 samples, Tahyna virus in one sample, Batai virus in two samples were detected in the study of 110 samples of field material (blood-sucking mosquitoes) by ELISA test. Antibodies to WNV in 16.58 percent of the samples, to tick-borne encephalitis virus in 1.08 percent, to viruses of the California serogroup and Ukuniemi in 1.09 percent, to the virus Sindbis in 2.17 percent were detected as a result of the study of blood serum samples from donors in the Volgograd region. Thus, we obtained data on the probable presence of the Batai, Sindbis, Ukuniemi and Californian serogroup viruses along with the circulation of WNV on the territory of the Volgograd region.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document