scholarly journals Ecotopic infection of cattle with Fasciola gigantica: parasitological and pathological studies

1999 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-123
Author(s):  
R. Y. AL-Kubaisee ◽  
M. J. Alwan ◽  
B. AL- Kaisee
Keyword(s):  
Portal Vein ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Domestic Animal ◽  
Fasciola Gigantica ◽  
The World ◽  
First Time ◽  
Pathogenic Effects

Out of 1250 bovine fasciolliasis. 10 cattle were found to have lung fascioliasis, one cow had abomasal fascioliasis and another one wih renal fascioliasis.  The recovered flukes were identified as immature spec imens of Fassciola gigantica .Gross and histopathology of the lesions were studied. The occurrence of Fasciola gigantica in kideny and abomasum was recorded for the first time :  Introduction Infection with Fasciola gigantica is an important cause of disease and economic loss in domestic animals in many parts of the world. Among the effects attributed 10 flucke infection are loss of condition , reduced meat and milk production reduced fertility and rendering of livers unsuitable for human consumpiior. . Severe infection may cause death either directly or indirecily by inzitiating or aggravating bacterial infection (1). One of the reasons making F.gigantica more pathogenic ihan F.hepatica is frequent ecotopic occurence of F.gigantica in most of the domestic animal species (1,2,3). Ectopic ovine F.gigantica infection was reported in spleen, lung, heart, diphragm and portal vein, in additional the liver (4,5). In cattle F.hepatica_ could only produce lesions in the liver but F.gigantica extended its pathogenic effects to the lung tissue (3,6).  The aim of this study is to elucidate the occurence of F.gigantica in organs other than the liver with parasitological and pathological investigation. 

scholarly journals Re-emergence of animal rabies in northern Greece and subsequent human exposure, October 2012 – March 2013

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (18) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Tsiodras ◽  
G Dougas ◽  
A Baka ◽  
C Billinis ◽  
S Doudounakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Domestic Animal ◽  
World Health ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Rabies Case ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Northern Greece ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

Greece has been rabies-free since 1987 with no human cases since 1970. During 2012 to 2013, rabies has re-emerged in wild and domestic animals in northern Greece. By end March 2013, rabies was diagnosed in 17 animals including 14 red foxes, two shepherd dogs and one cat; 104 subsequent human exposures required post-exposure prophylaxis according to the World Health Organization criteria. Human exposures occurred within 50 km radius of a confirmed rabies case in a wild or domestic animal, and most frequently stray dogs were involved.

scholarly journals Incidence of bluetongue virus precipitating antibodies in sera of some domestic animals in the Sudan

1979 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 539-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Eisa ◽  
A. E. Karrar ◽  
A. H. Abd Elrahim
Keyword(s):  
Bluetongue Virus ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Domestic Animal ◽  
Virus Antigen ◽  
Serological Study ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Agar Gel ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Resistance To Infection

To determine the presence and prevalence of bluetongue (BT) infection in a variety of domestic animal species in different geographical regions of the Sudan, a serological study using the agar gel precipitation technique was initiated. A total of 2142 serum samples were examined. Of the numbers tested approximately 28% of sheep, 11.2% of goats, 8% of cattle and 4.9% of camels were positive for group-specific antibodies to BT virus antigen, indicating previous exposure to BT infection. None of the samples tested from horses or donkeys were positive. The findings suggest that the disease is widely distributed in most parts of the Sudan where possible insect vectors prevail and may be endemic in sheep in Juba District, Equatoria Province, Southern Region. Goats appeared to have some degree of resistance to infection compared with sheep, and there seemed to be no significant differences in positive rates between farm and free-range cattle.It is concluded that BT infection may cause clinical disease in sheep, while it is probably subclinical or inapparent in goats, cattle and camels of the Sudan.

scholarly journals Parturition in Mammals: Animal Models, Pain and Distress

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2960
Author(s):  
Julio Martínez-Burnes ◽  
Ramon Muns ◽  
Hugo Barrios-García ◽  
Dina Villanueva-García ◽  
Adriana Domínguez-Oliva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Labour Pain ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Domestic Animal ◽  
Birth Process ◽  
Pain Mechanisms ◽  
The Public ◽  
Human Labour ◽  
Experience Pain

Parturition is a complex physiological process and involves many hormonal, morphological, physiological, and behavioural changes. Labour is a crucial moment for numerous species and is usually the most painful experience in females. Contrary to the extensive research in humans, there are limited pain studies associated with the birth process in domestic animals. Nonetheless, awareness of parturition has increased among the public, owners, and the scientific community during recent years. Dystocia is a significant factor that increases the level of parturition pain. It is considered less common in polytocous species because newborns’ number and small size might lead to the belief that the parturition process is less painful than in monotocous animal species and humans. This review aims to provide elements of the current knowledge about human labour pain (monotocous species), the relevant contribution of the rat model to human labour pain, and the current clinical and experimental knowledge of parturition pain mechanisms in domestic animals that support the fact that domestic polytocous species also experience pain. Moreover, both for women and domestic animal species, parturition’s pain represents a potential welfare concern, and information on pain indicators and the appropriate analgesic therapy are discussed.

scholarly journals Preservation of Biological Diversity of Domestic Animals in Hungary

2002 ◽  
pp. 18-29
Author(s):  
Imre Bodó
Keyword(s):  
Mating Systems ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Domestic Animal ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Selection Of

Since the 1992 Rio de Janeiro UNO Congress domestic animals belong also officially to the genetic diversity of the world. Non commercial domestic animal breeds should be maintained for many cultural and technical reasons. Conservation and preservation of living beings is nowadays in the programme of many regional, national and international organizations.The preservation of domestic animals is possible in situ (at the original place and conditions) and ex situ (by cryogenic methods).There are three era in the history of preservation of domestic animals: the epoch of spontaneous maintenance, the period of sporadic national activities and the era of international programme.Some of the questions to be solved by scientific research: the principles of selection of the candidate populations for maintenance, the different degrees of endangeredness, the necessary population size to be subsidized, the problem of inbreeding, the best mating systems etc.In Hungary the maintenance of endangered domestic animal breeds is based upon the low.The following breeds are on the list of protected breeds:− the Hungarian Grey cattle,− the Lipizzan, Shagya, Nonius, Gidran, Furioso,Kisbér Halfbred, Murinsulaner and Hucul horses,− the Racka, Tsigai and Cikta sheep,− the Mangalitsa pig,− the Hungarian yellow, white, speckled and the Transsylvanian naked necked hen,− the Bronze Turkey,− the Frizzle Feathered goose.Hopefully in the near future the breeders of traditional domestic animal breeds will find the possible niches for their special products.

First molecular detection and characterization of Sarcocystis infection in naturally infected buffaloes, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiza Pires Portella ◽  
Fagner D'ambroso Fernandes ◽  
Camila Encarnação Minuzzi ◽  
Juliana Felipetto Cargnelutti ◽  
Luis Fernando Vilani de Pelegrini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Sarcocystis Species ◽  
Sarcocystis Spp ◽  
The World ◽  
First Time ◽  
Pathogenic Effects

Sarcocystosis is a disease caused by varying Sarcocystis species infecting humans and animals. It is commonly found in ruminants causing pathogenic effects. Although the distribution of Sarcocystis can be found all over the world, the species infecting buffaloes in Brazil is still unknown. Through this study, we aim to estimate the molecular prevalence of natural infection with Sarcocystis spp. in buffaloes using molecular identification. In addition, phylogenetic analyzes were used for the first time to identify the different species of this protozoan infecting buffalo in the south of the country. Heart samples from 80 buffaloes were subjected to microscopic examination, followed by molecular analysis. Microcysts were present in 19/80 (23,75%) of the samples. Genomic DNA was extracted from the 19 isolates, all there were amplified DNA in the primer used in the study. Six readable sequences were obtained after sequencing of the samples in both the directions. In the present study all the sequenced samples indicated were of Sarcocystis levinei.

scholarly journals First isolation and genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii strains from domestic animals in Tunisia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arwa Lachkhem ◽  
Lokman Galal ◽  
Ibtissem Lahmar ◽  
Karine Passebosc ◽  
Homayoun Riahi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Molecular Typing ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Mouse Bioassay ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Animal Tissues ◽  
Strain Isolation ◽  
The World ◽  
First Time

AbstractThe isolation and molecular typing of Toxoplasma gondii strains provide an essential basis for a better understanding of the parasite’s genetic diversity, determinants of its geographical distribution and associated risks to human health. In this study, we isolated and genetically characterized T. gondii strains from domestic animals in Southern and coastal area of Tunisia. Blood, hearts and/or brains were collected from 766 domestic animals (630 sheep and 136 free-range chickens). Strain isolation from these samples was performed using mouse bioassay and genotyping was carried out with a multiplex PCR technique using 15 microsatellite markers. Thirty viable strains of T. gondii were successfully isolated from tissues of sheep (19/142) and chickens (11/33). In addition, 3 strains could be successfully genotyped from animal tissues for which mouse bioassay was unsuccessful. A large predominance of type II strains (n = 29) was found in the sampled regions, followed by type III (n = 3) and, for the first time in Tunisia, a single isolate of Africa 4 lineage from a sheep. Analyses of population genetics showed the presence of a divergent population of type II lineage in Tunisia, supporting limited recent migrations of strains between Tunisia and other countries of the world.

scholarly journals The Tonsils Revisited: Review of the Anatomical Localization and Histological Characteristics of the Tonsils of Domestic and Laboratory Animals

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Casteleyn ◽  
Sofie Breugelmans ◽  
Paul Simoens ◽  
Wim Van den Broeck
Keyword(s):  
Soft Palate ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Domestic Animal ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Palatine Tonsils ◽  
Anatomical Localization ◽  
Histological Images ◽  
Histological Characteristics

This paper gives an overview of the anatomical localization and histological characteristics of the tonsils that are present in ten conventional domestic animal species, including the sheep, goat, ox, pig, horse, dog, cat, rabbit, rat, and pigeon. Anatomical macrographs and histological images of the tonsils are shown. Six tonsils can be present in domestic animals, that is, the lingual, palatine, paraepiglottic, pharyngeal, and tubal tonsils and the tonsil of the soft palate. Only in the sheep and goat, all six tonsils are present. Proper tonsils are absent in the rat, and pigeon. In the rabbit, only the palatine tonsils can be noticed, whereas the pig does not present palatine tonsils. The paraepiglottic tonsils lack in the ox, horse, and dog. In addition, the dog and cat are devoid of the tubal tonsil and the tonsil of the soft palate.

scholarly journals Multiple vector-borne pathogens of domestic animals in Egypt

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. e0009767
Author(s):  
Hend H. A. M. Abdullah ◽  
Nadia Amanzougaghene ◽  
Handi Dahmana ◽  
Meriem Louni ◽  
Didier Raoult ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Strategy ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Domestic Animal ◽  
Emerging Diseases ◽  
Babesia Bigemina ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Rickettsia Africae ◽  
Acanthocheilonema Reconditum ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
First Time

Vector Borne Diseases (VBDs) are considered emerging and re-emerging diseases that represent a global burden. The aim of this study was to explore and characterize vector-borne pathogens in different domestic animal hosts in Egypt. A total of 557 blood samples were collected from different animals using a convenience sampling strategy (203 dogs, 149 camels, 88 cattle, 26 buffaloes, 58 sheep and 33 goats). All samples were tested for multiple pathogens using quantitative PCR and standard PCR coupled with sequencing. We identified Theileria annulata and Babesia bigemina in cattle (15.9 and 1.1%, respectively), T. ovis in sheep and buffaloes (8.6 and 7.7%, respectively) and Ba. canis in dogs (0.5%) as well as Anaplasma marginale in cattle, sheep and camels (20.4, 3.4 and 0.7%, respectively) and Coxiella burnetii in sheep and goats (1.7 and 3%; respectively). New genotypes of An. centrale, An. ovis, An. platys-like and Borrelia theileri were found in cattle (1.1,3.4, 3.4 and 3.4%, respectively), An. platys-like in buffaloes (7.7%), An. marginale, An. ovis, An. platys-like and Bo. theileri in sheep (3.4, 1.7, 1.7 and 3.4%, respectively), An. platys, An. platys-like and Setaria digitata in camels (0.7, 5.4 and 0.7%, respectively) and Rickettsia africae-like, An. platys, Dirofilaria repens and Acanthocheilonema reconditum in dogs (1.5, 3.4, 1 and 0.5%, respectively). Co-infections were found in cattle, sheep and dogs (5.7, 1.7, 0.5%, respectively). For the first time, we have demonstrated the presence of several vector-borne zoonoses in the blood of domestic animals in Egypt. Dogs and ruminants seem to play a significant role in the epidemiological cycle of VBDs.

DOCUMENTING THE WORLD'S DOMESTIC ANIMAL RESOURCES

1993 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 13-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ruane
Keyword(s):  
Population Data ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Domestic Animal ◽  
Basic Information ◽  
The World ◽  
Domestic Livestock ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Animal Resources ◽  
Global Data

SUMMARYThe recently established FAO Global Data Bank for Domestic Livestock aims to document and characterise the different populations of domestic animals found throughout the world. Currently, there are 2047 entries in the data bank. A global breed survey is under way to collect basic information on each breed. From an initial analysis of population data currently available, it is estimated that a total of 390 breeds may be at risk in non-European countries. More than 200 are likely to be in developing countries.

SEROPREVALENCE OF HIV AND HBsAg AMONGST BLOOD DONORS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL, CHHATTISGARH.

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anusha P ◽  
Bankar Nandkishor J ◽  
Karan Jain ◽  
Ramdas Brahmane ◽  
Dhrubha Hari Chandi
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Blood Bank ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Medical College ◽  
The World ◽  
First Time

INTRODUCTION: India being the second highly populated nation in the world. HIV/AIDS has acquired pandemic proportion in the world. Estimate by WHO for current infection rate in Asia. India has the third largest HIV epidemic in the world. HIV prevalence in the age group 15-49 yrs was an estimate of 0.2%. India has been classified as an intermediate in the Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) endemic (HBsAg carriage 2-7%) zone with the second largest global pool of chronic HBV infections. Safety assessment of the blood supply, the quality of screening measures and the risk of transfusion transmitted infectious diseases (TTIs) in any country can be estimated by scrutinizing the files of blood donors. After the introduction of the blood banks and improved storage facilities, it became more extensively used. Blood is one of the major sources of TTIs like hepatitis B, hepatitis C, HIV, syphilis, and many other blood borne diseases. Disclosure of these threats brought a dramatic change in attitude of physicians and patients about blood transfusion. The objective of this study is to determine the seroprevalence of transfusion transmitted infections amidst voluntary blood donors at a rural tertiary healthcare teaching hospital in Chhattisgarh. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This retrospective study was carried out in Chandulal Chandrakar Memorial Medical College, Kachandur, Durg. Blood donors were volunteers, or and commercial donors who donated the blood and paid by patients, their families, or friends to replace blood used or expected to be used for patients from the blood bank of the hospital. After proper donation of blood routine screening of blood was carried out according to standard protocol. Laboratory diagnosis of HIV 1 and HIV 2 was carried out by ELISA test. Hepatitis B surface antigen was screened by using ELISA. RESULTS: A total of 1915 consecutive blood donors’ sera were screened at Chandulal Chandrakar Memorial Medical College, blood bank during study period. Of these 1914 were male and 1 female. The mean age of patients was found to be 29.34 years with standard deviation (SD) of 11.65 Years. Among all blood donors in present study, 759(39.63%) were first time donors and 1156(60.37%) were repeated donors. 1 patient was HIV positive in first donation group while 3 (75%) were positive in repeat donation group. 7 (38.9%) were HBsAg positive in in first donation group while 11(61.1%) were positive in repeat donation group. Two patients in first donation group had dual infection of HIV and HBsAg. CONCLUSION: Seropositivity was high in repeated donors as compared to first time donors. The incidence of HIV is observed to be 0.2% and that of HBsAg is 0.94%. Strict selection of blood donors should be done to avoid transfusion-transmissible infections during the window period.

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