An awareness and prevalence study of Irish Cold-Water Athletes and external auditory canal exostoses

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Seamus Boyle ◽  
Rachel Keane ◽  
Marcel Jinih ◽  
Eoin McCarthy Deering ◽  
Naishadh Patil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
External Auditory Canal ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Prevalence Study

Prevalence of external auditory canal exostoses in Australian surfboard riders

2004 ◽  
Vol 118 (5) ◽  
pp. 348-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Hurst ◽  
Michael Bailey ◽  
Benjamin Hurst
Keyword(s):  
External Auditory Canal ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Control Group ◽  
External Ear ◽  
Ear Canal ◽  
External Ear Canal ◽  
Rate Of Growth

This paper assessed 300 surfboard riders, comprising 229 males and 71 females to determine the prevalence and rate of growth of exostoses in this population. A group of cold water swimmers and a control group were also examined. Significant obstruction, defined as two thirds or more occlusion of the ear canal was noted in 90 of the male surfers and 10 female surfers. This degree of occlusion was found in seven of the 32 cold water swimmers. A male surfer who has surfed regularly for 20 years or more has a one in two chance of developing significant obstruction of the external ear canal resulting from exostoses and this is a three in seven chance for females.

scholarly journals Transcanal Endoscopic Ear Surgery with Piezoelectric Device for External Auditory Canal Lesions

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (7) ◽  
pp. 511-516
Author(s):  
Chan Young Lee ◽  
Seung Ho Kim ◽  
Jeong Hwan Choi
Keyword(s):  
External Auditory Canal ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Cystic Mass ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Ear Surgery ◽  
Dental Surgery ◽  
Piezoelectric Device ◽  
External Auditory Canal Cholesteatoma ◽  
Conductive Hearing

External auditory canal exostosis (EACE) is prone to occur in patients frequently exposed to cold water, which causes earwax impaction, recurrent otitis externa, and conductive hearing loss. The main treatment for symptomatic EACE is surgical excision. External auditory canal cholesteatoma (EACC) is a bone-destructive cystic mass caused by accumulation of plugs of desquamated keratin debris in the external auditory canal (EAC), which is also mainly treated with surgical removal. The main difficulties in the surgical removal of obstructive EACEs or EACCs are related to the adjacency of EAC skin, tympanic membrane, temporomandibular joint, and the blockage of the medial EAC landmarks during the operation. The piezoelectric device (PZD), which has long been used to cut bony structures in dental surgery, has clinical advantages here with regards to accurate exclusive bone cutting ability and minimal heat production. We report a series of cases that managed EAC lesions using PZD.

scholarly journals An Evaluation of Auditory Exostoses in 621 Prehistoric Human Skulls from Coastal Brazil

2007 ◽  
Vol 86 (8) ◽  
pp. 468-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Mercedes M. Okumura ◽  
Célia Helena C. Boyadjian ◽  
Sabine Eggers
Keyword(s):  
External Auditory Canal ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Brazilian Coast ◽  
Multidisciplinary Research ◽  
Human Skull ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Adult Humans ◽  
Human Skulls ◽  
Bone Anomalies ◽  
Water Sports

Auditory exostoses are bone anomalies located on the floor of the external auditory canal. They frequently develop in individuals who participate in water sports and other aquatic activities. Their etiology is probably multifactorial; development seems to be triggered by regular exposure to cold water, as well as to low air temperatures and/or cold winds. The presence of auditory exostoses has been recorded in human skull fossils that date back approximately 250,000 years. We conducted a study of auditory exostoses in 621 skulls of adult humans who had been part of a marine-dependent population that lived on the Brazilian coast between 5,400 and 800 years ago. The overall frequency of exostoses was 22%, but there was a great variance among different subgroups (0 to 56%). In this article, we propose some possible explanations for this variance. We also hope that our study will stimulate multidisciplinary research aimed at deciphering the intricate bony messages contained in cryptic archaeologic remains.

Surfer's Ear: External Auditory Exostoses are More Prevalent in Cold Water Surfers

2002 ◽  
Vol 126 (5) ◽  
pp. 499-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
David F. Kroon ◽  
M. Louise Lawson ◽  
Craig S. Derkay ◽  
Karen Hoffmann ◽  
Joe Mccook
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
External Auditory Canal ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Relationship

OBJECTIVE: The study goal was to demonstrate the prevalence and severity of external auditory exostoses (EAEs) in a population of surfers and to examine the relationship between these lesions and the length of time surfed as well as water temperature in which the swimmers surfed. It was hypothesized that subjects who predominantly surfed in colder waters had more frequent and more severe exostoses. METHODS: Two hundred two avid surfers (91% male and 9% female, median age 17 years) were included in the study. EAEs were graded based on the extent of external auditory canal patency; grades of normal (100% patency), mild (66% to 99% patency), and moderate-severe (<66% patency) were assigned. Otoscopic findings were correlated with data collected via questionnaires that detailed surfing habits. RESULTS: There was a 38% overall prevalence of EAEs, with 69% of lesions graded as mild and 31% graded as moderate-severe. Professional surfers (odds ratio 3.8) and those subjects who surfed predominantly in colder waters (odds ratio 5.8) were found to be at a significantly increased risk for the development of EAEs. The number of years surfed was also found to be significant, increasing one's risk for developing an exostosis by 12% per year and for developing more severe lesions by 10% per year. Individuals who had moderate-severe EAEs were significantly more likely to be willing to surf in colder waters than were those who had mild EAEs (odds ratio 4.3). CONCLUSIONS: EAEs are more prevalent in cold water surfers, and additional years surfing increase one's risk not only for developing an EAE but also for developing more severe lesions.

scholarly journals Exostoses of the external auditory canal

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mani Lal Aich Litu ◽  
Abdullah Al Mamun ◽  
Zahedul Alam ◽  
Rojibul Haque ◽  
Abu Hanif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
External Auditory Canal ◽  
Otitis Externa ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Atmospheric Temperature ◽  
Wind Action ◽  
Reactive Process

Auditory exostoses are bone masses located in the external auditory canal. Currently, most researchers agree that the environment (especially water temperature, but also atmospheric temperature and wind action) plays a pivotal role in the development of exostosis. Exostoses are a condition in which the external auditory canal becomes stenotic secondary to hyperplastic bone formation. Also known as ‘‘surfer’s ear,’’ exostoses are thought to be a reactive process from repeated stimulation by cold water because it occurs commonly in populations such as beach lifeguards and surfers. Exostoses are usually asymptomatic and discovered on routine otoscopy. Rarely, exostoses become sufficiently obstructive to impair hearing or cause recurrent otitis externa. Exostoses are almost always bilateral, symmetric, and occurring in the medial portion of the external auditory canal. Tthe authors report a case of bilateral external auditory canal exostoses in an adult male treated with surgical excision.  DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjo.v18i1.10428  Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol 2012; 18(1): 91-95

scholarly journals External auditory exostoses in wind-dependent water sports participants: German wind- and kitesurfers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Wegener ◽  
Manfred Wegner ◽  
Nora M. Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Exposure Time ◽  
External Auditory Canal ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Patient Counselling ◽  
Total Exposure ◽  
The North ◽  
Total Exposure Time ◽  
Strong Winds

Abstract Purpose Cold water and wind are known to cause exostoses of the external auditory canal. Different prevalences in different sports have been described in the literature. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of external auditory exostosis (EAE) and EAE severity in coastal German wind- and kitesurfers who are exposed to cold water and strong winds. Furthermore, influencing factors such as the total exposure time and frequency of activity as well as the correlations between symptoms and the severity of EAE were investigated. Methods In this retrospective cross-sectional study, German non-professional wind- and kitesurfers along the North and Baltic Sea coasts were recruited between September 2020 and November 2020. Each participant was interviewed about exposure time and otological symptoms and underwent bilateral video otoscopic examination to determine EAE severity. Results A total of 241 ears from 130 subjects were analysed. The prevalence of EAE was 75.1%. In 19.9% of the participants, severe EAE was found. Exposure time and the frequency of activity had significant effects on the severity of EAE. Compared to surfers, EAE growth seems to progress faster in wind- and kitesurfers. The number of symptoms requiring medical treatment increased when two-thirds of the external auditory canal was obstructed. Conclusion The prevalence of EAE in wind- and kitesurfers is high. Total exposure time and the frequency of activity influence EAE growth. EAE growth occurs faster in wind- and kitesurfers than in surfers. The additional influence of wind and the evaporative cooling of the EAC are thought to be responsible. The results of this study should increase awareness of the dynamics of EAE among ENT specialists and improve patient counselling.

Prevalence of ‘surfer's ear’ in Cornish surfers

2015 ◽  
Vol 129 (5) ◽  
pp. 440-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Attlmayr ◽  
I M Smith
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
External Auditory Canal ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Health Resources ◽  
Average Increase ◽  
Water Exposure ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Surgical Operations

AbstractObjectives:To establish the prevalence of external auditory canal exostosis (‘surfer's ear’) in Cornish surfers and investigate the potential impact on healthcare.Method:A total of 105 surfers were interviewed and otologically assessed on popular Cornish beaches. The degree of exostosis was graded as mild, moderate or severe.Results:The prevalence of external auditory canal exostosis was 63.81 per cent (33.33 per cent mild, 18.10 per cent moderate and 12.38 per cent severe). The degree of exostosis showed a significant correlation with absolute cold-water exposure time. However, there was individual variation in susceptibility to external auditory canal exostosis; 12 per cent of surfers with excessive cold-water exposure showed no exostosis. Regression analysis of surgical operations performed at the Royal Cornwall Hospital for exostosis over the last 13 years revealed an average increase of 1.23 operations per year, with an average of 13 cases per year over the last 9 years.Conclusion:Exostosis of the external auditory canal is common in Cornish surfers. There appears to be individual variation in terms of susceptibility to this condition. The possible reasons for this are discussed. The increase in the technically difficult surgical operations performed for exostosis is likely to have implications for health resources in the future.

Patient Involvement in Treatment Decision Making Can Help or Hinder Placebo Analgesia

2014 ◽  
Vol 222 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew L. Geers ◽  
Jason P. Rose ◽  
Stephanie L. Fowler ◽  
Jill A. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Patient Involvement ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Prior Experience ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Treatment Decision ◽  
Cold Water Immersion ◽  
Not Given ◽  
Placebo Analgesia ◽  
Treatment Decision Making ◽  
Immersion Experience

Experiments have found that choosing between placebo analgesics can reduce pain more than being assigned a placebo analgesic. Because earlier research has shown prior experience moderates choice effects in other contexts, we tested whether prior experience with a pain stimulus moderates this placebo-choice association. Before a cold water pain task, participants were either told that an inert cream would reduce their pain or they were not told this information. Additionally, participants chose between one of two inert creams for the task or they were not given choice. Importantly, we also measured prior experience with cold water immersion. Individuals with prior cold water immersion experience tended to display greater placebo analgesia when given choice, whereas participants without this experience tended to display greater placebo analgesia without choice. Prior stimulus experience appears to moderate the effect of choice on placebo analgesia.

HIV and HCV prevalence study among incarcerated persons in Quebec and suggestions for intervention

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilles Lambert ◽  
Michel Alary ◽  
Gaston Godin ◽  
Suzanne Landry ◽  
Helene Gagnon
Keyword(s):  
Prevalence Study ◽  
Hcv Prevalence
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