‘The Dagger of Dispossession Will Be Ripped Out’: The Malvinas/Falkland Islands in Argentine Song (1941–82)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Sebastián Carassai
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Falkland Islands ◽  
Military Dictatorship ◽  
National Imaginary ◽  
Over Time

Abstract In April 1982, Great Britain and Argentina went to war over the Falkland Islands/Malvinas. On 14 June, the defeated Argentine military began the evacuation of the Islands. Most Argentines came to view this short war as an absurd adventure entered into by a military dictatorship in decline trying to cling on to power. Yet by analysing Argentine songs about the Malvinas from 1941 to 1982, this article shows that the national imaginary had long included ideas of sovereignty usurped and captive islands awaiting redemption. Argentine songs about the Malvinas, I maintain, can be analysed as expressions of an ‘emotional community’ around the Islands. By examining the emphases, constants and changes in the songs emerging from that community, we get a clearer picture of how ideas about the territory and its recovery changed over time.

scholarly journals Salmonella Typhimurium in livestock in Great Britain – trends observed over a 32-year period

2018 ◽  
Vol 146 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Mueller-Doblies ◽  
K. C. R. Speed ◽  
S. Kidd ◽  
R. H. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Livestock Species ◽  
Phage Types ◽  
Specific Phage ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Over Time

AbstractIn this retrospective study, we describe and analyse Salmonella data from four livestock species in Great Britain between 1983 and 2014, focusing on Salmonella Typhimurium. A total of 96 044 Salmonella isolates were obtained during the study period. S. Typhimurium was the predominant serovar isolated from cattle and pigs and represented 40.7% (18 455/45 336) and 58.3% (4495/7709) of isolates from these species respectively, while it only accounted for 6.7% (2114/31 492) of chicken isolates and 8.1% (926/11 507) of turkey isolates. Over the study period, DT104 was the most common phage type in all four species; however, DT104 peaked in occurrence between 1995 and 1999, but is currently rare.Monophasic strains of S. Typhimurium represented less than 3% of all Salmonella isolates in cattle and chickens in 2014, but accounted for 10.4% of all turkey isolates and 39.0% of all pig isolates in the same year.Salmonella isolates were tested for their in vitro susceptibility to 16 antimicrobials. Antimicrobial resistance of S. Typhimurium isolates is largely influenced by the dominance of specific phage types at a certain time, which are commonly associated with particular resistance patterns. Changes in resistance patterns over time were analysed and compared between species.

The Spanish Civil War (1936–1939)

Secret Wars ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 99-141
Author(s):  
Austin Carson
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Unique Role ◽  
Limited War ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Over Time

This chapter analyzes foreign combat participation in the Spanish Civil War. Fought from 1936 to 1939, the war hosted covert interventions by Germany, Italy, and the Soviet Union. The chapter leverages variation in intervention form among those three states, as well as variation over time in the Italian intervention, to assess the role of escalation concerns and limited war in the use of secrecy. Adolf Hitler's German intervention provides especially interesting support for a theory on escalation control. An unusually candid view of Berlin's thinking suggests that Germany managed the visibility of its covert “Condor Legion” with an eye toward the relative power of domestic hawkish voices in France and Great Britain. The chapter also shows the unique role of direct communication and international organizations. The Non-Intervention Committee, an ad hoc organization that allowed private discussions of foreign involvement in Spain, helped the three interveners and Britain and France keep the war limited in ways that echo key claims of the theory.

Political Talk Over Here, Over There, Over Time

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEPHEN E. BENNETT ◽  
RICHARD S. FLICKINGER ◽  
STACI L. RHINE
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Political Knowledge ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Affairs ◽  
Political Behaviour ◽  
Political Talk ◽  
Important Form ◽  
Over Time

Data from Great Britain and the United States from the late 1950s to the early 1990s show relatively little change in the frequency with which citizens engage in political discussions, with whom they are likely to speak, and the variables that shape their propensity to engage in political talk. In addition, analyses of the data show that discussing politics enhances citizens' knowledge of public affairs, even net of other variables known to affect political knowledge. Students of political behaviour and those interested in strengthening democracy need to treat political discussions as an important form of political participation.

Earnings trends among older employees in England and Wales, 1972–2001

2003 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
TONY MALLIER ◽  
DAVID MORRIS
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Occupational Group ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Older Employees ◽  
Female Employees ◽  
Earnings Trends ◽  
Full Time Employment ◽  
Over Time

This article considers the hypothesis that ‘older people in full-time employment normally receive earnings below the level previously enjoyed’, by examining the money and real earnings of older British full-time employees as they age. After a review of the factors that influence earnings, data from the New Earnings Survey of Great Britain are used to estimate average gross weekly money and real earnings of two cohorts of manual and non-manual workers as they age. The two cohorts were born respectively in 1927 and 1937, and male and female employees are considered separately. The estimates are used to develop time series age-earnings profiles of real earnings. These suggest that the average full-time older employee normally benefits over time from rising real earnings as a consequence of increases in national prosperity, although the increases vary by gender, occupational group and cohort. Older female employees benefited more than males from significantly higher percentage increases in their average real earnings, and between 1981–2000 average real earnings in non-manual occupations rose relative to manual workers' earnings.

scholarly journals Intergenerational Occupational Mobility in Great Britain and the United States Since 1850: Comment

2013 ◽  
Vol 103 (5) ◽  
pp. 2021-2040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Hout ◽  
Avery M Guest
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Occupational Mobility ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
The United States ◽  
Intergenerational Correlation ◽  
Structural Mobility ◽  
Over Time

We reanalyze Long and Ferrie's data. We find that the association of occupational status across generations was quite similar over time and place. Two significant differences were: (i) American farms in 1880 were far more open to men who had nonfarm backgrounds than were American farms in 1973 or British farms in either century; (ii) of the four cases, the intergenerational correlation was strongest in Britain in 1881. Structural mobility related to, among other things, economic growth and occupational differentiation, affected mobility most in 1970s America. (JEL J62, N31, N32, N33, N34)

scholarly journals Escribir historias desde una balsa

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilaria Magnani
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Falkland Islands ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Military Dictatorship ◽  
Ideological Position ◽  
Epistolary Writing ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Literary Quality

They are in a raft – real or metaphorical – and from there they try to rescue their lives and their stories, the characters of Sobrevivientes (2012), a novel by Argentine writer and journalist Fernando Monacelli awarded with the Clarín Prize. The text is inserted in the group not very extensive, but at this point not negligible by number and literary quality, of narratives that thematise the Falkland Islands war and, like the previous ones, presents a strong anti-heroic vein. The novel combines the years of military dictatorship and the war that ended it and looks at the consequences of the two events from a private and intimate environment. It not only denies the heroism of the combatants but tacitly equates them, as victims, with the opponents of the regime. The analysis is proposed, on the one hand, to consider this new ideological position, on the other hand, to emphasise the formal aspects of the novel – located between epistolary writing and intimate diary – and in the relationship with the other narratives of the war of the South Atlantic.

scholarly journals Mental distress among young adults in Great Britain: long-term trends and early changes during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Gagné ◽  
I. Schoon ◽  
A. McMunn ◽  
A. Sacker
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Mental Distress ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Health Trends ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Purpose In Great Britain, few studies documented mental health trends in young adults in the years preceding 2020, the mental health dimensions affected, and how these compare with changes observed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Long-term trends in mental health among 16–34 year old men and women between 1991 and 2018, and changes between 2018–19 and July–September 2020 were examined using all waves from the British Household Panel Study (1991–2008), the UK Household Longitudinal Study (2009–20), and the first five UKHLS COVID-19 waves administered in April, May, June, July, and September 2020. Findings are based on the GHQ-12 continuous score (0–36), clinically significant cases (4 + /12) and severe cases (7 + /12) for mental distress, and item endorsements. Results Between 1991 and 2018, the prevalence of cases (4 + /12) increased from 14–22% to 19–32% across groups. Increases were largest in women aged 16–24. In April 2020, the risk of caseness (4 + /12) increased across groups by 55% to 80% compared to the 2018–19 baseline. This increase, however, rapidly diminished over time: in July–September 2020, there was only a higher risk of caseness (4 + /12) in men aged 25–34 (prevalence ratio = 1.29, 95% CI 1.01–1.65) compared to the 2018–19 baseline. Conclusion Whereas distress surged in April 2020, its return to pre-pandemic levels by September 2020 highlights the nuanced impact that the pandemic may have over time. Given the magnitude of the decline in mental health over the past decade, attention must be given to young adults once the pandemic ends.

Imaginary Communities

Great Han ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Carrico
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Imagined Communities ◽  
The Real ◽  
National Imaginary ◽  
The Fantastic ◽  
Empty Time ◽  
Over Time

“Imaginary Communities” examines the concept of the nation within Han Clothing Movement discourses to develop a new theory of nationalism. The analyses are based in the question: if nations are imagined communities, how exactly are they imagined? Beginning from a dialogue with a movement enthusiast in Shenzhen, in which he presents the unexpected proposition that “today’s China is not the real China,” this chapter combines Anderson’s materialist approach with Smith’s ethnosymbolic approach to the nation to reinterpret imagined communities, structured around mundane, repetitive rituals and homogenous, empty time, as imaginary communities, structured around larger than life fantasies which illusorily incorporate individuals through the narrative of national identity. This concept of imaginary communities is thenfounded in the distinction between the nation as an ideal, which I call the fantastic national imaginary, and the nation as reality, characterized by mundane and disappointing experience. Insofar as the solution to the failure of national identity is sought in the source of this dilemma, namely the larger than life national fantasy, the nation is analyzed herein as a self-reproducing system, perpetuated over time precisely in its failure.

Hafiz between Nations: Song Settings by Daumer/Brahms and Peacock/Beamish

2021 ◽  
pp. 13-29
Author(s):  
Natasha Loges
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Johannes Brahms ◽  
National Identities ◽  
Text Setting ◽  
Song Settings ◽  
Changing Attitudes ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Sense Of Home

Consciously ‘othered’ cultural practices have long allowed musicians and poets to express different national identities to varying extents, without having to relinquish a geographically rooted sense of home. My aim is to examine such transnational links, symbols, and ties through a consideration of the songs ‘Wie bist du, meine Königin’ by Johannes Brahms (1833–97) and ‘Fish’ by Sally Beamish (b. 1956). Both are settings of translations of poetry by the Persian poet Hafiz, made respectively by Georg Friedrich Daumer (1800–72) and Jila Peacock (b. 1948). I offer insights into changing attitudes to Hafiz over time (the nineteenth and twenty-first centuries) and place (Germany, Persia/Iran, and Great Britain). I employ text- and score-based analysis, supplemented by interviews with Peacock and Beamish carried out in early 2019, which probed approaches to translation, text setting, and music, as well as issues of biography and national identity. I conclude that selective transnationalism, as I describe it, is a means of expanding one’s artistic range, while not entirely alienating the familiar self.

scholarly journals Party System Compactness: Measurement and Consequences

2004 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Michael Alvarez ◽  
Jonathan Nagler
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Party System ◽  
Party Systems ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vote Decision ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Voter Choice ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Issue Space

An important property of any party system is the set of choices it presents to the electorate. In this paper we analyze the distribution of parties relative to voters in the multidimensional issue space and introduce two measures of the dispersion of the parties in the issue space relative to the voters, which we call measures of the compactness of the parties in the issue space. We show how compactness is easily computed using standard survey items found on national election surveys. Because we study the spacing of the parties relative to the distribution of the voters, we produce metric-free measures of compactness of the party system. The measures can be used to compare party systems across issues, over time within countries, and across countries. Comparing the compactness of party systems across countries allows us to determine the relative amount of issue choice afforded voters in different polities. We examine the compactness of the issue space and test the impact it has on voter choice in four countries: the United States, the Netherlands, Canada, and Great Britain. We demonstrate that the more compact the distribution of the parties in the issue space on any given issue, the less voters weight that issue in their vote decision. Thus we provide evidence supporting theories suggesting that the greater the choice offered by the parties in an election, the more likely it is that issue voting will play a major role in that election.

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