On the Nutrition and Metabolism of Zooplankton IX. Studies Relating to the Nutrition of Over-Wintering Calanus

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. D. S. Corner ◽  
R. N. Head ◽  
C. C. Kilvington ◽  
S. M. Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Matter ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Particulate Material ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Particulate Nitrogen ◽  
Clyde Sea ◽  
Sea Area ◽  
Calanus Helgolandicus

Studies were made relating to the problem of how Calanus feeds during winter in the Clyde sea-area. Different diets were assessed in terms of sustaining the levels of body nitrogen and phosphorus in Calanus helgolandicus (Claus) over a period of several days. The test diets, all equivalent to the same level of particulate nitrogen in sea water, were: (1) suspended matter collected from the Clyde sea-area in winter; (2) particulate material produced in a foam-tower by bubbling sea water enriched with soluble extracts of plant cells; (3) living nauplii of the barnacle Elminius modestus Darwin; (4) dead nauplii of this species.It was found that neither body nitrogen nor body phosphorus was sustained by diet 1; that body nitrogen, but not body phosphorus, was sustained by diet 2; that both were sustained by either of diets 3 and 4.With living Elminius nauplii as the food, each Calanus captured the equivalent of 25 % of its body nitrogen and 47·3 % of its body phosphorus daily: with dead nauplii as the food the corresponding values were 34·4 and 44·5%. These rations are much higher than those found in an earlier study of Calanus grazing on a spring diatom increase in the Clyde (Butler, Corner & Marshall, 1970) and demonstrate that animal diets are readily captured.In general, the results indicate that Calanus could survive the winter in the Clyde sea-area by feeding carnivorously.

11. On the Chemical Composition of the Water composing the Clyde Sea Area

1888 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 422-427
Author(s):  
Adam Dickie
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Freshwater Stream ◽  
Marine Station ◽  
The Government ◽  
Government Grant ◽  
Clyde Sea ◽  
Sea Area

About the beginning of this year I was requested by a sub-committee of the Government Grant Committee* to determine some of the components of a series of samples of sea water, which were to be collected during the year at various parts and at different times in the Clyde sea area by the observers of the Scottish Marine Station. The collections were chiefly made under the immediate direction of Dr H. E. Mill. Since January, accordingly, I have been working at this, and have completed in all eighty-nine analyses, the results of which I now take the liberty of placing before this Society. There are various reasons why this paper should consist of little more than tables of results, one of which is that, having little or no experience in the science of oceanography, it would be presumptuous in me to draw conclusions from my results which would no doubt strike any one acquainted with that science at once. Another reason is that, though acquainted with some of the physical conditions under which the samples were taken, such as depth, temperature, place of collection, and date, I am quite ignorant of other conditions quite as important, if not more so, in my estimation, as, for instance, presence or absence of some freshwater stream near place of collection, state of tide, raiafall, 'c,—all conditions which would no doubt influence more or less materially the salinity of the water.

Amino acids and some other nitrogenous compounds in Calanus finmarchicus

1963 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 485-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. B. Cowey ◽  
E. D. S. Corner
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acid ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Particulate Material ◽  
Calanus Finmarchicus ◽  
Acid Fraction ◽  
Particulate Nitrogen

Amino acids, both free and combined as protein, and some other nitrogenous constituents of Calanus finmarchicus have been examined. Seventy-six per cent of the total nitrogen in C. finmarchicus was present in protein amino acids, 14% in the free amino acid fraction, 6% in trimethylamine oxide, and 1·5% in betaine. These findings are discussed in relation to previous work on nitrogenous constituents of Calanus.The free amino acid fraction of Calanus is compared with that of higher Crustacea and it is suggested that this fraction may be important in the adaptation of the animal to dilute sea water.Amino acid nitrogen made up 40% of the total nitrogen of particulate material from Clyde sea water. This finding is compared with other recent analyses of the phytoplanktonic nitrogen and total particulate nitrogen of inshore waters.

scholarly journals CALCULATION OF PARAMETER VALUES TO CHARACTERIZE THE CONSEQUENCES OF WORK ON THE DREDGING AND SUSPENDED MATTER DAMPING: ASSESSMENT BY MEANS OF THE SM-MODEL

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-134
Author(s):  
K. A. Podgorny ◽  
A. V. Leonov
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Matter ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Calculated Data ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Port Area ◽  
Suspended Matter Concentration ◽  
Kaliningrad Region ◽  
Sea Area ◽  
Parameter Values

The developed SM-model, describing the suspended matter concentrations in water environment, was used to assess the consequences of the works on dredging and dumping ground during the reconstruction and modernization of the water body area in the Pionersky Port (Kaliningrad region). The complex of recreated works includes 11 stages of the dredging works during which the various types of bottom sediments are extracted, some part of these sediments are transported outside the port water area and discharged into the marine underwater dump, while other their part are used for hydraulic engineering works in the port area. At the dredging and dumping the sediments, additional zones of water turbidity are formed (with a suspended matter concentration > 50 mg/L), its deposition causes the formation of a layer of sediments on the bottom. For each work stages, the technological data on the currents in the port water area are used for mathematical modeling and calculations of the amounts of various types of sediments extracted from the bottom, their redistribution over the sea area, the concentration of suspended matter in sea water, and the indicators (areas and volumes) of the emerging turbidity zones water due as a result of the construction works. Calculated data may be used to compile a report “Assessment of influence on the water environment state” (or AIWES) in the frame of these works.

On the Nutrition and Metabolism of Zooplankton VII. Seasonal Survey of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Excretion by Calanus in the Clyde Sea-Area

1970 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 525-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. I. Butler ◽  
E. D. S. Corner ◽  
S. M. Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Calanus Finmarchicus ◽  
Soluble Form ◽  
Plant Food ◽  
Detailed Data ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Present Survey ◽  
Short Supply ◽  
Phosphorus Excretion ◽  
Clyde Sea ◽  
Sea Area

In a recent study (Butler, Corner & Marshall, 1969) it was found that the excretion of nitrogen and phosphorus in soluble form by Calanus finmarchicus caught at Garroch Head in the Clyde sea-area was significantly higher in spring when plant food was plentiful, than in autumn when plant food was in relatively short supply. The present survey has extended this earlier study to include more detailed data at all times of the year, particular attention being paid to the spring diatom increase of 1969 when plant food in the sea near Garroch Head rose above the level which Beklemishev (1962) regards as inducing superfluous feeding, a wasteful process partially involving the inefficient assimilation of foodstuffs (see ‘Discussion’, p. 549).

I.—The Clyde Sea Area

1897 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh Robert Mill
Keyword(s):  
Sea Water ◽  
Physical Geography ◽  
The Many ◽  
Clyde Sea ◽  
Sea Area ◽  
Definite Result

The first two parts of this paper—Physical Geography and Salinity—were communicated to the Society on May 18th, 1891, and published in the Transactions, Vol. XXXVI, Part III., No. 23, pp. 641–729.Various circumstances have prevented me from sooner presenting the concluding part of the discussion. I postponed publication again and again, in the hope that it might be possible to discuss the results more thoroughly, and deduce from them more clearly than I have been able to do the laws which regulate the heat-transactions of sea-water of varying salinity, contained in basins of differing degrees of isolation from the circulation of the ocean. At length the conclusion has been arrived at that the observations are not sufficiently uniform, regular, and close to warrant the expenditure of the time devoted to their discussion. Many months of work have been occupied in proving that some special manner of classifying and treating the data led to no definite result. Thus, it is unnecessary to describe several series of voluminous calculations, or to bring forward a great number of maps and sections on which the distribution of temperature was plotted in different ways. It is difficult to establish theoretical conclusions of a general and far-reaching kind from my work, and I have not attempted to compare it with the many memoirs published in continental journals, on the temperature of lakes, fjords, and enclosed seas.

scholarly journals On the Nutrition and Metabolism of Zooplankton: I. Preliminary Observations on the Feeding of the Marine Copepod, Calanus Helgolandicus (Claus)

1961 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. D. S. Corner
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Particulate Material ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Average Amount ◽  
Marine Copepod ◽  
High Organic Content ◽  
Calanus Helgolandicus

Measurements have been made of the quantity and type of food assimilated by adult female Calanus helgolandicus (Claus) during the summer months.Animals kept in the dark at 10° C under a continuous flow of ‘outside’ Plymouth sea water (0·95–2·50 mg insoluble organic material/1.) removed 26·0–66·5 μg/day/Calanus, of which 74–91% was actually digested.Volumes of sea water filtered daily varied between 10·0 and 36·0 ml./ animal, with an average of 21·5.The animals preferentially selected a diet of high organic content from the particulate food available, digesting average daily quantities of 18·1 μg carbohydrate, 6·5 μg lipid and 2·7 μg protein.The average amount of food digested daily accounted for 25·3% of the dry weight and was equivalent to an average respiration rate of 26·5 μl. O2/ animal/day, which adequately accounts for the highest values reported by others for C. finmarchicus (Gunnerus) kept under similar conditions of light and temperature.These results, which provide direct evidence that Calanus obtains the bulk of its food from particulate material present in the sea, have been discussed with especial reference to Pütter's hypothesis.

Oxygen Carriage By the Haemolymph of Hyperiid Amphipods

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 997-998 ◽  
Author(s):  
John I. Spicer ◽  
David Morritt
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Content ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
The Other ◽  
Comparable Data ◽  
The West ◽  
Binding Properties ◽  
Respiratory Protein ◽  
Clyde Sea ◽  
Sea Area

The oxygen content of air-equilibrated haemolymph from three species of hyperiid amphipods, Hyperoche medusarum, Parathemisto sp. and Hyperia galba was similar to that of air-equilibrated sea-water. The concentration of haemolymph protein was low in each case. Both features, taken together with the fact that we were unable to detect the presence of copper in the haemolymph in any of the species examined, suggests that hyperiids, unlike gammaridean amphipods, do not possess the respiratory pigment haemocyanin.All the information available on the O2-binding properties of amphipod haemolymph has been derived from members of the amphipod sub-order Gammaridea. In common with many other crustaceans (Truchot, 1992), O2 carriage in gammarid haemolymph is facilitated by the presence of the copper-containing respiratory protein, haemocyanin (Spicer, 1994). Unfortunately no comparable data exist for the other major amphipod sub-orders, the Hyperiidea, the Caprellidea and the Ingolfiellidea. Consequently we have examined haemolymph from three species of hyperiid amphipod, Hyperoche medusarum (Miiller, 1777) and Parathemisto sp., from the west coast of Vancouver Island, Canada, and Hyperia galba (Montagu, 1813) from the Clyde Sea area, Scotland.

James Thomas Marshall's correspondence (1887–1895) with Scotland's Alexander Somerville: practical, personal and controversial matters in conchology

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. MOORE
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Marine Science ◽  
The One ◽  
Clyde Sea ◽  
Sea Area ◽  
Molluscan Species

Attention is drawn to the one side remaining of a nineteenth-century correspondence addressed to Alexander Somerville that is housed in the archives of the Scottish Association for Marine Science at Oban, concerning conchological matters. Previously unstudied letters from James Thomas Marshall shed new light on the practicalities of offshore dredging by nineteenth-century naturalists in the Clyde Sea Area; on personalities within conchology; on the controversies that raged among the conchological community about the production of an agreed list of British molluscan species and on the tensions between conchology and malacology. In particular, the criticism of Canon A. E. Norman's ideas regarding taxonomic revision of J. G. Jeffreys's British conchology, as expressed by Marshall, are highlighted.

RELEASE OF NUTRIENTS FROM BOTTOM SEDIMENTS IN OSAKA BAY, JAPAN IN 2015

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukio Komai ◽  
Yukio Komai ◽  
Mana Sakata ◽  
Mana Sakata ◽  
Masaki Nakajima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bottom Sediment ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Water Release ◽  
Osaka Bay ◽  
The Core ◽  
Similar Range ◽  
Sea Area

Osaka Bay is the most polluted enclosed sea area, in which is located the eastern part of the Seto Inland Sea, Japan. There are four kinds of sources on loadings of nutrients to Osaka Bay, which are land including rivers and industrial effluents beside coast, ocean sea water, release from bottom sediment to sea water, and wet and dry deposition from air. The pollutant loadings inflowing from the land to Osaka Bay have been cut by various policies since 1970’s. The concentrations of nutrients in the inner part of Osaka Bay have showed an obvious decreasing tendency. However, the water quality in offshore sea has not satisfied the environmental standard on nutrients. We investigated the amount of nutrients released from bottom sediments. The core samples were taken at two stations in the inner part of Osaka Bay once a month from February to November, 2015. The core incubation experiment in laboratory was conducted for 24 hours according to Tada et.al. The concentrations of ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N) and phosphate phosphorus (PO4-P) were measured by an automatic analyzer. The flux showed similar range with the values investigated in 1986. The results suggested that the flux of nutrients from bottom sediments in the inner part of Osaka Bay has not decreased during summer season at least since 1985. Therefore, the contribution of release from bottom sediment on the nutrients budget would relatively become larger in inner part of Osaka Bay.

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