Impact of harmful algal blooms (Dinophysis acuminata) on the immune system of oysters and mussels from Santa Catarina, Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 773-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Simões ◽  
Renato Campos Vieira ◽  
Mathias Alberto Schramm ◽  
Danielle Ferraz Mello ◽  
Vitor De Almeida Pontinha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bivalve Species ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Immunological Parameters ◽  
Immune Parameters ◽  
Dinophysis Acuminata ◽  
Consistent Manner ◽  
The Impact

Blooms of the harmful alga Dinophysis acuminata, which produces okadaic acid (OA), are becoming recurrent in Santa Catarina coast, where most of the shellfish marine farms in Brazil are located. We evaluated the impact of D. acuminata blooms on various haemato-immunological parameters and on tissue integrity of cultivated oysters (Crassostrea gigas) and mussels (Perna perna). Animals were sampled during two natural algal blooms, one at Praia Alegre (PA: 2950 cells l−1) and the other at Praia de Zimbros (PZ: 4150 cells l−1). Control animals were sampled at the same sites, 30 days after the end of the bloom. The assayed parameters were: total (THC) and differential (DHC) haemocyte counts, percentage of apoptotic haemocytes (AH), phenoloxidase activity (PO), agglutinating titre (AT) and total protein concentration in haemolymph (PC). Histological analyses were carried out in oysters from PZ. The results showed that some immune parameters were modulated during the toxic blooms, but not in a consistent manner, especially in mussels that accumulated more OA (10×) than oysters. For example, mussel THC decreased significantly (54%) during the bloom at PA, whereas it augmented markedly (64%) at PZ. PO activity was significantly altered by the algal blooms in both bivalve species, while PC increased significantly (66%) only in mussels from PZ bloom. The other parameters (DHC, AH and AT) did not vary in both bivalve species. Histological analyses showed an intense haemocytic infiltration throughout the oyster digestive epithelium, particularly into the stomach lumen during the algal bloom.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Various Immune Parameters in Three Bivalve Species during a Natural Bloom of Dinophysis acuminata in Santa Catarina Island, Brazil

Toxins ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 1166-1178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle Ferraz Mello ◽  
Luis Antonio de Oliveira Proença ◽  
Margherita Anna Barracco
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Bivalve Species ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Immune Parameters ◽  
Dinophysis Acuminata

scholarly journals Effects of the Marine Biotoxins Okadaic Acid and Dinophysistoxins on Fish

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 293
Author(s):  
Mauro Corriere ◽  
Lucía Soliño ◽  
Pedro Reis Costa
Keyword(s):  
Okadaic Acid ◽  
Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Shellfish Poisoning ◽  
Morphological Alterations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Dsp Toxins

Natural high proliferations of toxin-producing microorganisms in marine and freshwater environments result in dreadful consequences at the socioeconomically and environmental level due to water and seafood contamination. Monitoring programs and scientific evidence point to harmful algal blooms (HABs) increasing in frequency and intensity as a result of global climate alterations. Among marine toxins, the okadaic acid (OA) and the related dinophysistoxins (DTX) are the most frequently reported in EU waters, mainly in shellfish species. These toxins are responsible for human syndrome diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP). Fish, like other marine species, are also exposed to HABs and their toxins. However, reduced attention has been given to exposure, accumulation, and effects on fish of DSP toxins, such as OA. The present review intends to summarize the current knowledge of the impact of DSP toxins and to identify the main issues needing further research. From data reviewed in this work, it is clear that exposure of fish to DSP toxins causes a range of negative effects, from behavioral and morphological alterations to death. However, there is still much to be investigated about the ecological and food safety risks related to contamination of fish with DSP toxins.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Intervention Affects Maternal Immunity During Gestation in Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilen Benner ◽  
Alejandro Lopez-Rincon ◽  
Suzan Thijssen ◽  
Johan Garssen ◽  
Gerben Ferwerda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
T Helper 17 ◽  
Immunological Parameters ◽  
Maternal Immunity ◽  
Immune Parameters ◽  
Ensemble Strategy ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundPregnancy is a portentous stage in life, during which countless events are precisely orchestrated to ensure a healthy offspring. Maternal microbial communities are thought to have a profound impact on development. Although antibiotic drugs may interfere in these processes, they constitute the most frequently prescribed medication during pregnancy to prohibit detrimental consequences of infections. Gestational antibiotic intervention is linked to preeclampsia and negative effects on neonatal immunity. Even though perturbations in the immune system of the mother can affect reproductive health, the impact of microbial manipulation on maternal immunity is still unknown.AimTo assess whether antibiotic treatment influences maternal immunity during pregnancy.MethodsPregnant mice were treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics. The maternal gut microbiome was assessed. Numerous immune parameters throughout the maternal body, including placenta and amniotic fluid were investigated and a novel machine-learning ensemble strategy was used to identify immunological parameters that allow distinction between the control and antibiotic-treated group.ResultsAntibiotic treatment reduced diversity of maternal microbiota, but litter sizes remained unaffected. Effects of antibiotic treatment on immunity reached as far as the placenta. Four immunological features were identified by recursive feature selection to contribute to the most robust classification (splenic T helper 17 cells and CD5+ B cells, CD4+ T cells in mesenteric lymph nodes and RORγT mRNA expression in placenta).ConclusionIn the present study, antibiotic treatment was able to affect the carefully coordinated immunity during pregnancy. These findings highlight the importance of inclusion of immunological parameters when studying the effects of medication used during gestation.

scholarly journals Comparison of Short-Term Toxicity of 14 Common Phycotoxins (Alone and in Combination) To The Survival of Brine Shrimp Artemia Salina

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Ting Zhang ◽  
Shanshan SONG ◽  
Bin ZHANG ◽  
Yang ZHANG ◽  
Miao TIAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Marine Ecosystems ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
Marine Organisms ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Toxic harmful algal blooms (HABs) can cause deleterious effects in marine organisms, threatening the stability of marine ecosystems. It is well known that different strains, natural populations and growth conditions of the same toxic algal species may lead to different amount of phycotoxin production and the ensuing toxicity. To fully assess the ecological risk of toxic HABs, it is of great importance to investigate the toxic effects of phycotoxins in marine organisms. In this study, the short-term toxicity of 14 common phycotoxins (alone and in combination) in the marine zooplankton Artemia salina was investigated. On the basis of 48 h LC50, the order of toxicity in A. salina was AZA3 (with a LC50 of 0.0203 µg/ml)＞AZA2 (0.0273 µg/ml) ＞PTX2 (0.0396 µg/ml)＞DTX1 (0.0819 µg/ml)＞AZA1 (0.106 µg/ml)＞ SPX1 (0.144 µg/ml)＞YTX (0.172 µg/ml)＞dcSTX (0.668 µg/ml)＞OA (0.728 µg/ml)＞STX (1.042 µg/ml)＞GYM (1.069 µg/ml)＞PbTx3 (1.239 µg/ml)＞hYTX (1.799 µg/ml)＞PbTx2 (2.415 µg/ml). For the binary exposure, additive effects of OA and DTX1, DTX1 and hYTX; antagonistic effects of OA and PTX2, OA and STX; and synergetic effects of DTX1 and STX, DTX1 and YTX, DTX1 and PTX2, PTX2 and hYTX on the mortality of A. salina were observed. These results provide valuable toxicological data for assessing the impact of phycotoxins on marine planktonic species and highlight the potential ecological risk of toxic HABs in marine ecosystems.

scholarly journals Environmental Considerations for the Management of the Bivalve Fisheries of Bahía Magdalena (Mexico), a Coastal Lagoon at the Southern End of the California Current

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
María del Carmen Jiménez-Quiroz ◽  
Francisco Javier Barrón-Barraza ◽  
Rafael Cervantes-Duarte ◽  
René Funes-Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Environmental Variability ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Warming Trend ◽  
Regional Warming ◽  
Biological Variables ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Bahia Magdalena

This study presents an overview of bivalve assemblages in Bahia Magdalena (BM, México) and the possible impact of environmental variability on these populations, constantly stressed by fishing. This lagoon is responsible for a high proportion of harvest of regional bivalves. First, we list the bivalve species reported in public biogeographic databases. Based on eight commercially exploited species, we described the composition of the bivalve assemblage and its biological characteristics, the history of fishery, and environmental variability in the marine area adjacent to the lagoon (1970–2019) and the habitat of bivalves (2002–2020). Sources of data were public databases and published literature. The enlisted species (n = 184) belong to six orders, and most are small and infaunal, but the structure of the assemblage is unknown. The fisheries began at different times and focused on the most valuable resources. Almost all harvest of bivalves had wide variations because of intensive fishing and a weak regulation frame. After 2015, the main resources were the Pacific wing-oyster (a new resource since 2017) and the geoduck clam due to the declining abundance of other resources (e.g., pen shells, Pacific calico scallop). There was a warming trend in the region since the 1970's, but the strongest El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phases caused the most notable changes before 2013; after that year, a combination of large-scale phenomena increased the temperature significantly. The trend of chlorophyll-a abundance negatively correlated with temperature, but there was an almost constant supply of particulate organic matter in the interior of Bahia Magdalena (BM). After 2015, the quality of lagoon water gradually deteriorated, and in 2017 and 2019, harmful algal blooms developed, but the impact was not fully assessed. The challenges faced by the fishery are multiple (institutional weakness and regional warming); however, permanent monitoring programs of environmental conditions and critical biological variables should be implemented to design scenarios that allow fishery sustainability.

scholarly journals Monitoring approaches for supporting offshore aquaculture management and EU Directives at Sagres, Portugal

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Dias Duarte Fragoso ◽  
John David Icely ◽  
Nancy Odour ◽  
Gerald Moore ◽  
João Magalhães Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Secchi Depth ◽  
Aquaculture Management ◽  
Additional Water ◽  
Eu Directives ◽  
Routine Sampling ◽  
Offshore Aquaculture ◽  
Maritime Spatial Planning ◽  
The Impact

The increasing development of aquaculture activity in the coast of Sagres, area included in the Parque Natural do Sudoeste Alentejano e Costa Vicentina (PNSACV) SW Portugal, has to comply with regional and national regulations. The development also has to comply with EU directives including: Quality of Shellfish Waters Directive 2006/113/EC (QSWD); Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC (WFD); Marine Strategy Framework Directive 2008/56/EC (MSFD); Maritime Spatial Planning 2014/89/EU, (MSP). During 2014/2015, a monitoring routine was established to assess the potential impact of aquaculture in the region, as required by the Agência Portuguesa do Ambiente (APA). This involved a weekly sampling routine of water parameters at surface and bottom, including temperature (SST), salinity (Sal), Secchi depth, chlorophyll (Chl), suspended particulate matter (SPM), pH, oxygen (O2) and nutrients. Additional water samples were collected for phytoplankton counts to provide information on the species contributing to Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs). Associated with the routine sampling, innovative approaches to understanding the impact of aquaculture have been undertaken including: use of remote sensing products to provide spatial and temporal data for SST, Sal, Chl, and SPM validated with in situ radiometric data (Satlantic and WISP-3); genomics for HABs and flow cytometry for nanoplankton; a survey of impact on the benthos; determination of nutrient condition in the region through nutrient stoichiometry; automisation of data collection with an oceanographic buoy. Preliminary data from both routine and innovative studies will be presented in relation to aquaculture management and to the requirements of the WFD and the MSFD.

The effect of acute ammonia exposure on selected immunological parameters of Daphnia similoides (Cladocera)

Crustaceana ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-411
Author(s):  
Youhui Huang ◽  
Ye Liang ◽  
Yiming Li ◽  
Mingqi Cai ◽  
Qichen Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ammonia Toxicity ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Immunological Parameters ◽  
Immune Parameters ◽  
Significant Change ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
The Impact

Cladocerans have been widely used as bioassay organisms to evaluate the impact of toxic substances. In this study, the activities of selected immunological enzymes and MDA level were investigated to characterize Daphnia similoides’ immune response to ammonia stress. The activity of ACP and CAT showed no significant change during the test. The activity of AKP was significantly increased in the 0.19 and 0.38 mg/l NH3-N exposure groups after 6 h. After 24 h, a significant depression occurred in the high concentrations. After 24 h, significant decreases in SOD activity were observed at the concentrations of 0.38, 0.57 and 0.76 mg/l NH3-N. After 24 h, a significant change in MDA was also observed in 0.57 and 0.76 mg/l. These results suggest that changes in whole-body immune parameters of Daphnia similoides are effective to predict sub-lethal ammonia toxicity and useful as an early warning tool in monitoring studies of natural environments.

scholarly journals The impact of parturition induction with cloprostenol on immunological parameters in the sow colostrum

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Hlavová ◽  
Hana Kudláčková ◽  
Martin Faldyna
Keyword(s):  
Immune Cells ◽  
Lymphocyte Subpopulations ◽  
The Other ◽  
Labour Induction ◽  
Intestinal Immunity ◽  
Immunological Parameters ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Commercial Farms ◽  
Lysozyme Concentration ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Farrowing induction with prostaglandin F2 analogue cloprostenol is commonly used on commercial farms to manage the timing of farrowing. When labour induction is applied, the questions arise about possible side effects of such a hormonal intervention on physiological processes connected with labour and lactation, including colostral immunity. Results: In this study, immune cells composition, lysozyme concentration, complement bacteriolytic activity and proinflamatory (GM-CSF2, IL-1β, IL-6, a TNFα) and anti-inflammatory (IL-4, IL-10, TGFβ1 a TGFβ2) cytokines were measured in colostrum samples from sows farrowing naturally (NP) and from sows with farrowing induced using cloprostenol administration on day 113 of gestation (IP). A significantly higher proportion of lymphocytes was found in colostrum of induced sows compared to colostrum of non-induced sows. No significant differences between NP and IP were found in complement activity, in the proportions of granulocytes, macrophages and lymphocyte subpopulations. Lower lysozyme concentration and higher IL-1β, IL-6, TGFβ1 and TNFα concentrations were found in IP sow colostrum compared to colostrum from NP sows. Conclusions: An increased proportion of colostral lymphocytes can positively influence the cellular immunity transmission from sow to her offspring. On the other hand, a lower lysozyme concentration can adversely affect newborn’s intestinal immunity, as well as changes in cytokine concentrations can have an adverse effect on newborn piglet intestinal epithelium development and its defence function.

scholarly journals The rise in climate change-induced federal fishery disasters in the United States

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11186
Author(s):  
Lyall Bellquist ◽  
Vienna Saccomanno ◽  
Brice X. Semmens ◽  
Mary Gleason ◽  
Jono Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
United States ◽  
Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
The United States ◽  
Societal Benefit ◽  
Disaster Assistance ◽  
Environmental Events ◽  
The Impact

Commercial, recreational, and indigenous fisheries are critical to coastal economies and communities in the United States. For over three decades, the federal government has formally recognized the impact of fishery disasters via federal declarations. Despite these impacts, national syntheses of the dynamics, impacts, and causes of fishery disasters are lacking. We developed a nationwide Federal Fishery Disaster database using National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) fishery disaster declarations and fishery revenue data. From 1989-2020, there were 71 federally approved fishery disasters (eleven are pending), which spanned every federal fisheries management region and coastal state in the country. To date, we estimate fishery disasters resulted in $2B (2019 USD) in Congressional allocations, and an additional, conservative estimate of $3.2B (2019 USD) in direct revenue loss. Despite this scale of impact, the disaster assistance process is largely ad hoc and lacks sufficient detail to properly assess allocation fairness and benefit. Nonetheless, fishery disasters increased in frequency over time, and the causes of disasters included a broad range of anthropogenic and environmental factors, with a recent shift to disasters now almost exclusively caused by extreme environmental events (e.g., marine heatwaves, hurricanes, and harmful algal blooms). Nationwide, 84.5% of fishery disasters were either partially or entirely attributed to extreme environmental events. As climate change drives higher rates of such extreme events, and as natural disaster assistance requests reach an all-time high, the federal system for fisheries disaster declaration and mitigation must evolve in order to effectively protect both fisheries sustainability and societal benefit.

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