Shell shape, morphometrics and relative growth of four sympatric limpet species from the Algarve coast (southern Portugal)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Paulo Vasconcelos ◽  
Flávio Janeiro ◽  
Fábio Pereira ◽  
Paula Moura ◽  
André N. Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shell Shape ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Analogous Data ◽  
Life Habits ◽  
Southern Portugal ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Shape Morphometrics

Abstract This study analysed and compared the shell shape, morphometrics and relative growth of four sympatric limpet species (Patella depressa, Patella ulyssiponensis, Patella vulgata and Siphonaria pectinata) collected at Praia da Luz in Lagos (Algarve coast – southern Portugal). Morphometric relationships were established through regression analysis between linear (shell length, width and height), ponderal (total weight), area (shell base and surface areas) and volume variables (shell internal and total volumes). Relative growth (isometry vs allometry) was analysed to assess variation in the growth rate of morphometric variables throughout the species ontogeny. In addition, morphometric indices (ellipticity, conicity, density, surface area and volumetry) were calculated to further characterize shell shape. Overall, 1482 individuals with broad size and weight ranges were analysed (P. depressa = 354; P. ulyssiponensis = 306; P. vulgata = 408; S. pectinata = 414). All regressions were highly significant (P < 0.001) and the morphometric variables were strongly correlated (r = 0.761 to 0.994). Among 28 morphometric relationships, there were 14 isometries, 13 positive allometries and only one negative allometry. The morphometric indices revealed clear morphological differences between species and were mostly size-dependent, reflecting gradual changes in shell shape during growth. The main results are compared with a compilation of analogous data reported for these limpet species throughout their distributional range. Overall, the general trends in relative growth are discussed in terms of the species life habits, main traits and functional morphology.

Morphometric relationships and relative growth of Hexaplex trunculus and Bolinus brandaris (Gastropoda: Muricidae) from the Ria Formosa lagoon (southern Portugal)

2015 ◽  
Vol 96 (7) ◽  
pp. 1417-1425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Vasconcelos ◽  
Carlos M. Barroso ◽  
Miguel B. Gaspar
Keyword(s):  
Shell Length ◽  
Morphological Plasticity ◽  
Shell Shape ◽  
Shell Weight ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Ria Formosa ◽  
Hexaplex Trunculus ◽  
Southern Portugal ◽  
Bolinus Brandaris

The present study reports morphometric relationships and discusses the relative growth in the banded murex (Hexaplex trunculus) and the purple dye murex (Bolinus brandaris) from the Ria Formosa lagoon (southern Portugal). A total of 11 morphometric parameters (eight linear variables: shell length, shell width, total aperture length, aperture length, aperture width, spire length, spire width and siphonal canal length; three ponderal variables: total weight, soft parts weight and shell weight) were analysed in both species. The analyses comprised numerous individuals of both sexes and with broad size ranges (H. trunculus: 10.7–82.8 mm shell length; B. brandaris: 14.6–107.7 mm shell length), fairly representative of the populations from the Ria Formosa lagoon. In general, B. brandaris exhibited greater morphological plasticity and higher variability in shell shape compared with H. trunculus. In both species, the vast majority of morphometric relationships displayed positive allometries, distantly followed by negative allometries and by isometries. Although H. trunculus and B. brandaris are known to lack external sexual dimorphism, several morphometric relationships revealed significant differences in the type of growth between sexes, which should be further confirmed using more powerful techniques, such as geometric morphometric analyses of shell shape.

The morphology of deep-sea Thyasiridae (Mollusca: Bivalvia) from the Atlantic Ocean

1991 ◽  
Vol 334 (1272) ◽  
pp. 481-562 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Water ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Shell Shape ◽  
Lateral Body ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Deep Water Species ◽  
Life Habits ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Planktotrophic Larvae ◽  
Morphological Differences

Twenty-five species and three subspecies of the family Thyasiridae (Bivalvia: Lucinacea) are described from the deep Atlantic. They belong to two genera and five subgenera. Eleven of the species and all of the subspecies are described for the first time. The number of demibranchs in the gill and shape of the lobes of the lateral body pouches are characteristic features which are additionally used to clarify taxonomic divisions that have been previously based on shell features alone. One species, Axinus grandis Verrill & Bush (1898), is thought to be the sole living representative of the predominantly Tertiary fossil genus Axinus Sowerby (1821). This genus has been regarded by most previous authors as a synonym of Thyasira Leach (1818). Axinus grandis , as here defined, is morphologically distinct from all other thyasirids and possesses primitive characters. It shows affinities to the lucinacean family Ungulinidae, suggesting that the Thyasiridae may have an origin close to the ungulinid stem. The morphology of the species described here is extremely conservative, all sharing a number of key features. The most important of these is the form of the lateral body pouches. Shell shape and morphology relate in part to different life habits. Some species which have vertically elongate shape are probably immobile deep-burrowers, while others, principally the smallest species, which are horizontally elongate are adapted for a more active existence. All are infaunal. The deep-water species are thought to be pre-adapted to life at depth through their ability to inhabit impoverished deoxygenated habitats. Few morphological differences could be detected between the populations of species that occur in both shallow and deep waters. The small size of all but a few species may be one of their greatest adaptive features. The greatest reduction in size and greatest simplification of morphology are seen in species of the subgenera Thyasira and Parathyasira . The subgenera Axinulus and Mendicula show the greatest radiation in deep water. The latter subgenera are thought to have arisen from the larger subgenera by neoteny. The thyasirids, unlike the deep-sea protobranch and septibranch bivalves, are predominantly inhabitants of slope depths. Very few are truly abyssal. Many have very wide depth distributions extending from shelf to abyssal depths. This, together with the production of planktotrophic larvae, has ensured that most thyasirid species, unlike other deep-sea bivalves, are very widely distributed. Thus species extend into Arctic waters, including the Norwegian Basin and into the Pacific and are truly cosmopolitan.

Gender determination of caucasoid hair using image analysis

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 216-217
Author(s):  
T.B. Ball ◽  
W.M. Hess
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Scalp Hair ◽  
The Body ◽  
Equivalent Diameter ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hair Samples ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Morphological Differences

It has been demonstrated that cross sections of bundles of hair can be effectively studied using image analysis. These studies can help to elucidate morphological differences of hair from one region of the body to another. The purpose of the present investigation was to use image analysis to determine whether morphological differences could be demonstrated between male and female human Caucasian terminal scalp hair.Hair samples were taken from the back of the head from 18 caucasoid males and 13 caucasoid females (Figs. 1-2). Bundles of 50 hairs were processed for cross-sectional examination and then analyzed using Prism Image Analysis software on a Macintosh llci computer. Twenty morphological parameters of size and shape were evaluated for each hair cross-section. The size parameters evaluated were area, convex area, perimeter, convex perimeter, length, breadth, fiber length, width, equivalent diameter, and inscribed radius. The shape parameters considered were formfactor, roundness, convexity, solidity, compactness, aspect ratio, elongation, curl, and fractal dimension.

Choosing the Optimal Tissue Expander Size: A Single Center Randomized Clinical Trial on Chinese Microtia Patients’ Normal Ears Using 3D Scanning

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hefeng Sun ◽  
Pengfei Sun ◽  
Haiyue Jiang ◽  
Qinghua Yang ◽  
Tongtong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Tissue Expander ◽  
Tissue Expansion ◽  
3D Scanning ◽  
Chinese Patients ◽  
Single Center ◽  
Scatter Plot ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Expansion Technique ◽  
Length Width

Abstract The tissue expansion technique is the most suitable procedure for Chinese patients with microtia. However, it is difficult to determine whether the expanded flap is sufficient, and there are no clear or objective guidelines for determining the volume of the expander for different sizes of auricles. One hundred patients with unilateral microtia who visited our department in 2021 were randomly selected for auricular data collection using 3D scanning. The auricle length, width, projection, perimeter, and surface area were measured. Eight different volumes of expanders underwent CT and the surface areas of these expanders were measured. The surface areas of the auricles and expanders were compared and the correlation between them was explored. The average auricle parameters were calculated. The scatter plot showed a linear relationship between auricle length and auricle surface area (R2 = 0.9913), which demonstrated that the auricle area was approximately equal to the auricle length multiplied by 76.921. Additionally, the surface area of the expanders was measured and made into a table for selection against the surface area of the auricles. Using our equation, the auricle surface could be estimated by simply measuring the non-defective auricle length; therefore, the suitable volume of the expander could be determined.

219 MORPHOMETRIC CHARACTERIZATION OF EPIDIDYMAL AND EJACULATED SPERMATOZOA FROM BROWN BEAR (URSUS ARCTOS)

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 217 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Garcia-Macias ◽  
F. Martinez-Pastor ◽  
M. Alvarez ◽  
P. Paz ◽  
S. Borragan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ursus Arctos ◽  
Sperm Morphology ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Surrounding Medium ◽  
Brown Bear ◽  
Blue Component ◽  
Baseline Information ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Free Ranging

Sperm morphology is an useful characteristic for estimating potential fertility. Currently, we are obtaining baseline information on various aspects of reproduction in the brown bear (Ursus arctos) with the intention of using the knowledge to establish a germplasm bank for the species. In the present report, we describe the results obtained using assisted sperm morphology analysis (ASMA, Sperm Class Analyzer®; Microptic S.L, Barcelona, Spain) to analyze the morphological differences in epidydimal (caput, corpus, and cauda) and ejaculated brown bear spermatozoa. A post-mortem epididymal sperm sample was obtained from an adult brown bear after accidental death. The epididymides were excised, washed, and dissected into the three major segments; caput, corpus and cauda. Then multiple incisions were made in the tissue to allow migration of spermatozoa into the surrounding medium. Semen was collected by electroejaculation from five adult brown bears living in a semi-free ranging environment in the Cabarceno Park (Cantabria, Spain). Anesthesia was induced using tiletamine + zolazepan (Zoletil 100®; Virbac, Carras, France; 7 mg/kg), and ketamine (Imalgene 1000®; Rhone Merieux, Lyon, France; 2 mg/kg). The electroejaculation unit (PT Electronics®; Boring, Oregon) was connected to a 3-lateral electrode transrectal probe (26 mm in diameter, 320 mm in length). Ejaculation occurred at 6–10 V/250–300 mA. For head morphometry assessment, sperm samples were fixed in glutaraldehyde and slides were smeared and air-dried for 2 h. The samples were then stained with Diff-Quik® staining (37°C; 10 min in the red component and 15 min in the blue component). The area, perimeter, length and width, and ellipticity (length/width) of heads were measured from at least 100 spermatozoa/slide. As shown in Table 1, values obtained for each measure were similar in both epididymal and ejaculated spermatozoa. These results provide normal morphometry values for brown bear spermatozoa, a potentially useful characteristic for predicting fertility. Table 1. Head morphometry for epididymis and ejaculated bear sperm (mean ± SD) This work was supported in part by CANTUR S.A. and CICYT (CGL 2004–0278/BOS).

Allometry and population structure of Nicolea uspiana (Polychaeta: Terebellidae)

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (5) ◽  
pp. 877-883 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.R.S. Garraffoni ◽  
L.Q. Yokoyama ◽  
A.C.Z. Amaral
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Morphometric Parameters ◽  
Size Frequency Distribution ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Size

The relative growth and population structure of the terebellid Nicolea uspiana were investigated in the intertidal zone of a rocky shore on the south-east coast of Brazil, from May 2006 to May 2007. Eight hundred and forty-seven individuals of N. uspiana were analysed: 391 males, 163 females, and 293 immatures. Although significant differences in some morphometric parameters were found, there was no sexual dimorphism between males and females. There were differences in total length, width of segment 5, and length of the notopodial region between matures and immatures. The negative allometry of the total length in relation to five other parameters showed that this feature is a good measure for estimating the individual size, which was then used in the analysis of population structure. This population of N. uspiana showed a bimodal size–frequency distribution, with immature and mature individuals found during the entire year. This pattern indicates continuous reproduction, with each cohort growing for at least three to four months and being responsible for two consecutive settlement peaks.

scholarly journals VARIABILITY OF CONES AND SEEDSCALESIN PICEA SPECIES AND THEIR FORMS IN CONDITIONS OF THE CITY OF OMSK

2019 ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
I. G Skosyreva ◽  
A. I Grigoriev
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Siberian Spruce ◽  
Green Form ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Picea Species ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Adaptive Ability ◽  
Serbian Spruce ◽  
The City

The study addressedthe morphometric indicators of cones and seed scales, such as length, width, and weight (before opening and after drying). Similarly, seed scales were measured, the marginal lines were described, and the number of seed scales in the cones was counted. The summary tables showed significant differences in the length and width of cones (Student's criterion). The correlation analysis was used to quantify the association between various indicators and the seed scale size. The samples were collected in the Genze Dendrological Garden, a natural landmark of regional significance. The study was carried out usingMolchanov and Smirnov’s (1967) method in the summer-autumn period. Siberian spruce (both blue and green forms), Serbian spruce, Colorado spruce (green form), and Canadian spruce had medium and large cones, which indicates a high adaptive capacity of these species. The length of cones in blue-grey and golden forms of Colorado spruce was below the average, indicating a low adaptive ability of the introduced species in the West Siberian foreststeppe. The correlation analysis showed a moderate dependence of the weight of seed scales and the weight of cones after drying (K = 0.60). A small dependence was found between the weight of seed scales and the length of cone after drying (K = 0.39). The size of seed scales strongly correlated with the size of cones (K ˃ 0.8). Student's t-test did not reveal significant differences in the width of cones in the studied species and forms of spruce, except for green form of Colorado spruce as compared to Serbian spruce and Canadian spruce, and blue-grey form of Colorado spruce as compared to Canadian spruce , showing notable differences at 1% significance point. By the length of cones, the studied species can be categorized into twoessentially different groups, the first one including all forms of Siberian spruce and Colorado spruce and the second one including Serbian spruce and Canadian spruce .

Differential Growth among Components of the Palate in Rhesus Monkeys (Macaca mulatta)

1993 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 302-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony H. King ◽  
Emet D. Schneiderman
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Hard Palate ◽  
Differential Growth ◽  
Bivariate Statistics ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Dimensional Changes ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Small Growth ◽  
Allometric Analysis

To understand the etiology of maxillary hypoplasia better, which is common in individuals with cleft palate and other cranlofacial anomalies, the relative growth and contribution of the maxillary and palatine segments to enlargement of the hard palate was examined in rhesus monkeys. The purpose of the study was to identify and evaluate sites of differential growth of the palatine and maxillary segments as they contribute to the development of the midface and facial prognathism. One hundred and eight male and 107 female skulls ranging from 1.0 to 7.0 years of age were examined. Measurements of the maxillary and palatine lengths, palatal width, midface depth, canine length, and molar surface areas in the ontogenetic sample were collected. Univariate and bivariate statistics were used to describe dimensional changes and evaluate region-specific sex differences. The relative growth of palatal dimensions was evaluated using allometric analysis methods. Significant sex differences were observed (t-test, p ≤ .05) for all palatal dimensions by 4 years of age. However, proportions of the maxillary and palatine segments to overall palate length appeared to be similar throughout growth for both sexes. The results suggest that sutures of the midface, in particular the transverse palatine suture, may be important in the bony development of the palate during growth. These sutures may contribute to the overall modulation of palatal development. These findings suggest that the greater midfacial prognathism seen in adult rhesus males than in females may be associated with increased relative growth of the palatine segment during puberty, and that small growth differentials in the transverse palatine suture region can have a significant effect on the overall sagittal dimensions of the midface.

Relative Growth of the Speckled Swimming Crab Arenaeus Cribrarius (Lamarck, 1818) (Brachyura, Portunidae), Near Ubatuba, State of São Paulo, Brazil

Crustaceana ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Antonio Amaro Pinheiro ◽  
Adilson Fransozo
Keyword(s):  
Carapace Width ◽  
B Value ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
Positive Allometry ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Maturation Phase ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Independent Variable

AbstractArenaeus cribrarius is a mainly tropical crab that occurs in the Western Atlantic Ocean, Brazil being its type-locality. The species ranges from Vineyard Sound, Massachusetts, USA to La Paloma, Uruguay. Information about this species is scarce. The relative growth ofA. cribrarius was analyzed, based on some morphometric relations, where the carapace width, excluding lateral spines (CW), was used as an independent variable. A total of 403 specimens (189 males and 214 females), was collected in Ubatuba, State of São Paulo, Brazil, with otter-trawls. The animals were sexed and sorted to maturation phase (juvenile or adult). Some measurements were made: carapace (length and width excluding lateral spines), abdomen (greatest width of the fifth somite in females and the sixth in males) and major chela (greatest length, width and height, dactylus length). This study was made by the application of the power function (y=a.xb) which was fitted to the data and the pattern of growth established for each parameter by the "b"-value (constant of allometry), as positive allomctry (b>1), negative allometry (b<1) or isometry (b=1). The morphometric relations of the carapace showed a tendency to isometry. In females, the abdominal width grew in positive allometry, higher in juveniles (b= 1.33) than in adults (b=1.18). In this case, an overlap and discontinuity was noticed between the phases over a carapace width range of 55 to 70 mm, where the puberty molt occurs. The majority of relationships showed that the major chela of the males grew in positive allometry, however, the greatest allometric difference between the phases was observed towards the propodus length with 1.09 as juvenile and 1.26 as adult "b"values. In the males, this variable showed an inflection between the CW range of 45 to 55 mm, where the transition to the maturation phase occurs. The relative growth of this species is similar to those of previously studied species. This indicates, that the propodus length and the abdominal width are the morphometric variables most appropriate to estimate the size at the beginning of the sexual maturity for males and females of this species, respectively.

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