Phenylalanine Rich Diet (Vicia faba L.) Enhances the Expression of Dopamine Receptor D3 (DRD3) Gene in Rabbits

Dopamine is a neurotransmitter hormone for pleasure and reward. It is synthesized only in the brain cells of human and animals and responsible for the regulation of behavior, mood, memory, cognitive, flexible movement, the body weight, and other important functions. The Dopamine Receptor D3 (DRD3) is the most important receptor for dopamine. In this investigation, expression of DRD3 gene was studied in rabbits fed on supplemented diet of dry and fresh faba bean (Vicia faba L. Sakha 3). DRD3 gene (≈ 1200 bp) in control and treated rabbits were PCR amplified, sequenced and aligned with reference gene (Acc. No XM_017346708.1). High genetic similarity values were detected among all sequences. DRD3 gene sequences of control, fresh and dry faba bean fed rabbits were deposited in the GenBank with accession numbers MZ714134, MZ714135 and MZ714136 respectively. Direct estimation of blood phenylalanine (Phe) amino acid indicated that feeding rabbits on dry faba bean reflected the highest level of Phe in the rabbit’s blood. Quantitative RT-qPCR analysis showed that DRD3 gene was over expressed after feeding rabbits on dry faba bean form compared with feeding on green form and control. Thus, diet rich with phenylalanine like Sakha3 (dry and fresh forms) enhance gene expression of DRD3 gene. However, diet doesn't affect the DRD3 gene sequence and structure. In a conclusion, our findings indicated a direct effect of faba bean supplemented diet on increasing DRD3 expression levels which improve the life quality for human.

Breynia disticha (snowbush).

B. disticha is considered as an invasive shrub to small tree in USA (Florida and Hawaii), Guinea, The British Indian Ocean Territory, Niue and Cuba (Oviedo Prieto et al., 2012; Swearingen and Bargeron, 2016; PIER, 2017). The species invades areas close to where cultivated by root suckers (PIER, 2017). In Cuba it is considered as a transformer species, without further details (Oviedo Prieto et al., 2012). It is regarded as an invasive species in Florida-USA by Swearingen and Bargeron (2016), although it is not in the Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council's list of invasive plant species (Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council, 2017). At Dave's Garden (2017) it is considered by the community as an invasive species in southern Florida, having the ability to spread quickly from roots in damp soils. It is not considered as an invasive species for Florida by Gilman (2014). In Hawaii-USA it has escaped from cultivation and is spreading vegetatively around abandoned homesites in Hawaii (PIER, 2017). In Guinea, the green-form of B. disticha is considered as an invasive species along the roadsides, in secondary thickets over many hectares, at the edge of a mangrove and in woodlands (Cheek et al., 2013). As its been found in areas with no evidence of former cultivation, apparently spreading through seeds. It has been collected in fruit at one of the sites. No details about its invasiveness are given for the British Ocean Territory and Niue.

Variability and distribution of the golden-headed weevil Compsus auricephalus (Say) (Curculionidae: Entiminae: Eustylini)

The golden-headed weevil Compsus auricephalus is a native and fairly widespread species across the southern U.S.A. extending through Central America south to Panama. There are two recognised morphotypes of the species: the typical green form, with pink to cupreous head and part of the legs and the uniformly white to pale brown form. There are other Central and South American species of Compsus and related genera of similar appearance that make it challenging to provide accurate identifications of introduced species at ports of entry. Here, we re-describe the species, provide images of the habitus, miscellaneous morphological structures and male and female genitalia. We discuss the morphological variation of Compsus auricephalus across its distributional range, by revising and updating its distributional range, based on data from entomological collections in the U.S.A. and Canada. The revised distribution of C. auricephalus extends as far south as Zacapa in Guatemala. Records south from there correspond to a different species, with affinities to C. auricephalus that we discuss and illustrate. We also discuss morphological affinities and differences with other similar species. Furthermore, we summarise information regarding the biology, host plants and natural enemies of C. auricephalus.

CONTROL OF THE NUMBER OF THE MAJOR PESTS OF THE PEA SEEDS

One of the leading places among leguminous crops in Ukraine belongs to peas. This is due to its ability to produce fairly high and stable crops in a short growing season. Grain contains from 16 to 36% protein, up to 54% carbohydrates, about 1.6% fat, more than 3% ash. Pea protein is a complete amino acid composition and is 1.6 times better absorbed than wheat protein. To a large extent, the limiting factor for increasing the yield of pea seeds are numerous pests. Thus, in the pea field agrobiocenosis, up to 80 species of insects are trophically associated with this crop. However, the greatest damage is caused by specialized species that have evolved to feed on legumes during evolution: nodule weevils belonging to the genus Sitona Gern., Etiella zinckenella Tr., Laspeyresia nigricana F., Bruchus pisorum L. and Contarinia pisi Winn. Modern technologies for growing peas are based on the optimal use of the potential of varieties, a rational plant nutrition system and crop protection systems. An important aspect of integrated crop protection is the use of pesticides, which, if appropriate and effective, guarantee the reduction of harmful organisms. However, when growing certain types of products, their use is limited by sanitary and hygienic standards. These include raw materials for baby food, products used in food in green form, including green peas. This article confirms the feasibility and effectiveness of using modern insecticides based on bioagents and chemicals compared to variants where insecticide treatment has not been carried out. The best results were obtained with the use of chemical-based insecticides, in particular Enzhio 247 SC (0.18 l / ha) provided the highest yield of seeds, 2.92 t / ha, the value of the stored crop was 0.51 t / ha, and the level of profitability was 106.4%, which is 27.7% higher than the control variant . The use of the drug Connect, SC (0.4 l / ha) provided a crop yield of 0.06 t / ha lower, and the value of the stored crop was 0.45 t / ha, with a profitability level of 104.4%. When using insecticides based on microorganisms, the effect was observed, but much weaker.

P06 2A Planning Aspect of balancing Sustainability and Green Form for 21st Centuries Mega Cities

Open Spaces provides space for the expression of diversity, both personal and cultural. The social and cultural values of open space include attitudes towards nature and the desire for contact with it. Open space is now Inclusive part of statutory and community planning processes. Urban Spaces must be stimulating for all age groups encouraging their activities, events and gatherings via sustainable planning and design. This paper focuses on need, unconventional visions and principles for urban green form in this modern era of planning for 21st century Mega cities. The social, cultural and physiological values of open space include attitudes towards nature and the desire for contact with it.

The way of Consumers’ Responsiveness to Green Advertising – an Indian Context

Green Advertising – the word is a new way to attract modern consumers with the features of a green form of communication for the sustainable development of any country. Green Advertising will help in detailing those features which consumers are eagerly looking for and in require. Public opinion towards the environment and the way our finicky way of life damages it has increased from the last few decades. Accordingly, consumers expressed their willingness to buy more products with a less harmful impact on the environment. Companies sought to take advantage of this trend by launching ‘green' products and by introducing environmental concern in their advertising campaign. This paper has dealt with the general concepts of green advertising and consumers' responsiveness of green advertising.

VARIABILITY OF CONES AND SEEDSCALESIN PICEA SPECIES AND THEIR FORMS IN CONDITIONS OF THE CITY OF OMSK

The study addressedthe morphometric indicators of cones and seed scales, such as length, width, and weight (before opening and after drying). Similarly, seed scales were measured, the marginal lines were described, and the number of seed scales in the cones was counted. The summary tables showed significant differences in the length and width of cones (Student's criterion). The correlation analysis was used to quantify the association between various indicators and the seed scale size. The samples were collected in the Genze Dendrological Garden, a natural landmark of regional significance. The study was carried out usingMolchanov and Smirnov’s (1967) method in the summer-autumn period. Siberian spruce (both blue and green forms), Serbian spruce, Colorado spruce (green form), and Canadian spruce had medium and large cones, which indicates a high adaptive capacity of these species. The length of cones in blue-grey and golden forms of Colorado spruce was below the average, indicating a low adaptive ability of the introduced species in the West Siberian foreststeppe. The correlation analysis showed a moderate dependence of the weight of seed scales and the weight of cones after drying (K = 0.60). A small dependence was found between the weight of seed scales and the length of cone after drying (K = 0.39). The size of seed scales strongly correlated with the size of cones (K ˃ 0.8). Student's t-test did not reveal significant differences in the width of cones in the studied species and forms of spruce, except for green form of Colorado spruce as compared to Serbian spruce and Canadian spruce, and blue-grey form of Colorado spruce as compared to Canadian spruce , showing notable differences at 1% significance point. By the length of cones, the studied species can be categorized into twoessentially different groups, the first one including all forms of Siberian spruce and Colorado spruce and the second one including Serbian spruce and Canadian spruce .