scholarly journals The influence of dietary fatty acids on liver fat content and metabolism

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leanne Hodson ◽  
Fredrik Rosqvist ◽  
Siôn A Parry
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Liver Fat Content ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Fat Accumulation ◽  
The Impact

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease encompasses a spectrum of conditions from hepatic steatosis through to cirrhosis; obesity is a known risk factor. The liver plays a major role in regulating fatty acid metabolism and perturbations in intrahepatic processes have potential to impact on metabolic health. It remains unclear why intra-hepatocellular fat starts to accumulate, but it likely involves an imbalance between fatty acid delivery to the liver, fatty acid synthesis and oxidation within the liver and TAG export from the liver. As man spends the majority of the day in a postprandial rather than postabsorptive state, dietary fatty acid intake should be taken into consideration when investigating why intra-hepatic fat starts to accumulate. This review will discuss the impact of the quantity and quality of dietary fatty acids on liver fat accumulation and metabolism, along with some of the potential mechanisms involved. Studies investigating the role of dietary fat in liver fat accumulation, although surprisingly limited, have clearly demonstrated that it is total energy intake, rather than fat intake per se, that is a key mediator of liver fat content; hyperenergetic diets increase liver fat whilst hypoenergetic diets decrease liver fat content irrespective of total fat content. Moreover, there is now, albeit limited evidence emerging to suggest the composition of dietary fat may also play a role in liver fat accumulation, with diets enriched in saturated fat appearing to increase liver fat content to a greater extent when compared with diets enriched in unsaturated fats.

scholarly journals Effects of a multifactorial ecosustainable isocaloric diet on liver fat in patients with type 2 diabetes: randomized clinical trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e001342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Della Pepa ◽  
Claudia Vetrani ◽  
Valentina Brancato ◽  
Marilena Vitale ◽  
Serena Monti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Liver Fat Content ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dietary Components ◽  
Mufa Diet

IntroductionTreatment options for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are still a matter of debate. We compared the effects of a diet including different components versus a proven beneficial diet rich in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) on liver fat in T2D.Research design and methodsAccording to a parallel design, 49 individuals with T2D, overweight/obese, with high waist circumference, 35–75 years-old, in satisfactory blood glucose control with diet or drugs not affecting liver fat content, were randomly assigned to an 8-week isocaloric intervention with a MUFA diet (n=26) or a multifactorial diet rich in fiber, MUFA, n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, polyphenols, and vitamins D, E, and C (n=23). Before and after the intervention, liver fat content was evaluated by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS). 1H-MRS complete data were available for n=21 (MUFA diet) and n=18 (multifactorial diet) participants.ResultsAdherence to dietary interventions was optimal. No significant differences between groups in body weight reduction, plasma glycated hemoglobin, insulin, glucose, lipids and liver enzymes were observed. Liver fat significantly decreased after both the multifactorial diet (9.18%±7.78% vs 5.22%±4.80%, p=0.003) and the MUFA diet (9.47%±8.89% vs 8.07%±8.52%, p=0.027) with a statistically significant difference between changes either in absolute terms (−4.0%±4.5% vs −1.4%±2.7%, p=0.035) or percent (−40%±33% vs −19%±25%, p=0.030).ConclusionsAn isocaloric multifactorial diet including several beneficial dietary components induced a clinically relevant reduction of liver fat in patients with T2D, more pronounced than that induced by simply replacing saturated fat with MUFA. This suggests that the ‘optimal diet’ for NAFLD treatment in T2D should be based on synergic actions of different dietary components on multiple pathophysiological pathways.Trial registration numberNCT03380416.

scholarly journals Greater dietary fat oxidation in obese compared with lean men: an adaptive mechanism to prevent liver fat accumulation?

2010 ◽  
Vol 299 (4) ◽  
pp. E584-E592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leanne Hodson ◽  
Siobhán E. McQuaid ◽  
Sandy M. Humphreys ◽  
Ross Milne ◽  
Barbara A. Fielding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Isotopic Enrichment ◽  
Fat Accumulation ◽  
Dietary Fat Oxidation

Liver fat represents a balance between input, secretion, and oxidation of fatty acids. As humans spend the majority of a 24-h period in a postprandial state, dietary fatty acids make an important contribution to liver fat metabolism. We compared hepatic fatty acid partitioning in healthy lean ( n = 9) and abdominally obese ( n = 10) males over 24 h. Volunteers received three mixed meals adjusted for basal metabolic rate. U-13C-labeled fatty acids were incorporated into the meals, and [2H2]palmitate was infused intravenously to distinguish between sources of fatty acids incorporated into VLDL-TG. Immunoaffinity chromatography was used to isolate VLDL-TG of hepatic origin. Liver and whole body fatty acid oxidation was assessed by isotopic enrichment of 3-hydoxybutyrate and breath CO2.We found a similar contribution of dietary fatty acids to VLDL-TG in the two groups over 24 h. The contribution of fatty acids from splanchnic sources was higher ( P < 0.05) in the abdominally obese group. Ketogenesis occurred to a significantly greater extent in abdominally obese compared with lean males, largely due to lessened downregulation of postprandial ketogenesis ( P < 0.001). The appearance of13C in breath CO2was also greater ( P < 0.001) in abdominally obese compared with lean men. Hepatic elongation and desaturation of palmitic acid were higher ( P < 0.05) in abdominally obese than in lean males. Oxidation of dietary fatty acids and hepatic desaturation and elongation of palmitic acid occurred to a greater extent in abdominally obese men. These alterations may represent further pathways for redirection of fatty acids into export from the liver or oxidation to prevent liver fat accumulation.

scholarly journals The influence of dietary fatty acids on liver fat content and metabolism – ERRATUM

2019 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leanne Hodson ◽  
Fredrik Rosqvist ◽  
Siôn A Parry
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Liver Fat Content

scholarly journals Metabolism and secretory function of white adipose tissue: effect of dietary fat

2009 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cláudia M. Oller do Nascimento ◽  
Eliane B. Ribeiro ◽  
Lila M. Oyama
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Secretory Function ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Adipose Tissue Metabolism ◽  
Tissue Metabolism

Approximately 40% of the total energy consumed by western populations is represented by lipids, most of them being ingested as triacylglycerols and phospholipids. The focus of this review is to analyze the effect of the type of dietary fat on white adipose tissue metabolism and secretory function, particularly on haptoglobin, TNF-α, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and adiponectin secretion. Previous studies have demonstrated that the duration of the exposure to the high-fat feeding, amount of fatty acid present in the diet and the type of fatty acid may or may not have a significant effect on adipose tissue metabolism. However, the long-term or short-term high fat diets, especially rich in saturated fatty acids, probably by activation of toll-like receptors, stimulated the expression of proinflammatory adipokines and inhibited adiponectin expression. Further studies are needed to investigate the cellular mechanisms by which dietary fatty acids affect white adipose tissue metabolism and secretory functions.

scholarly journals Dietary Factors in Relation to Liver Fat Content: A Cross-sectional Study

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cora Watzinger ◽  
Tobias Nonnenmacher ◽  
Mirja Grafetstätter ◽  
Solomon A. Sowah ◽  
Cornelia M. Ulrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diet Quality ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Liver Fat Content ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) can lead to functional liver impairment and severe comorbidities. Beyond energy balance, several dietary factors may increase NAFLD risk, but human studies are lacking. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the associations between food consumption (47 food groups, derived Mediterranean and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet quality scores) and liver fat content (continuous scale and NAFLD, i.e., >5% liver fat content). Liver fat content was measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 136 individuals (BMI: 25–40 kg/m2, age: 35–65, 50.7% women) and food intake was recorded by food frequency questionnaires (FFQs). Associations between food items and liver fat were evaluated by multi-variable regression models. Intakes of cake and cookies as well legumes were inversely associated with liver fat content, while positive associations with intakes of high-fat dairy and cheese were observed. Only cake and cookie intake also showed an inverse association with NAFLD. This inverse association was unexpected, but not affected by adjustment for reporting bias. Both diet quality scores were inversely associated with liver fat content and NAFLD. Thus, as smaller previous intervention studies, our results suggest that higher diet quality is related to lower liver fat, but larger trials with iso-caloric interventions are needed to corroborate these findings.

scholarly journals Fasting Plasma Insulin Concentrations Are Associated With Changes in Hepatic Fatty Acid Synthesis and Partitioning Prior to Changes in Liver Fat Content in Healthy Adults

Diabetes ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 65 (7) ◽  
pp. 1858-1867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilla Pramfalk ◽  
Michael Pavlides ◽  
Rajarshi Banerjee ◽  
Catriona A. McNeil ◽  
Stefan Neubauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthesis ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Liver Fat Content ◽  
Hepatic Fatty Acid ◽  
Fasting Plasma Insulin

Hitting a triple in the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease field: sucrose intake in adulthood increases fat content in the female but not in the male rat offspring of dams fed a gestational low-protein diet

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Nicolás-Toledo ◽  
M. Cervantes-Rodríguez ◽  
E. Cuevas-Romero ◽  
D. L. Corona-Quintanilla ◽  
E. Pérez-Sánchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Liver Fat Content ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

The excessive consumption of carbohydrates is related to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in infants and adults. The effect of combining maternal malnutrition and a high carbohydrate intake on the development of NAFLD in adulthood remains unknown. We therefore hypothesized that consumption of 5% sucrose by the offspring of dams fed a low-protein diet during pregnancy promotes liver fat accumulation and oxidative damage differently in females and males. To test this, 12-month-old female and male offspring of mothers fed a Control (C) or low-protein diet (Restricted, R) were provided with either tap water or 5% sucrose for a period of 10 weeks. Livers were excised to measure the fat content and 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NTyr) immunostaining; serum samples were also obtained to measure the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA). Data were analyzed using a non-repeated measures three-way analysis of variance to determine significant differences (P<0.05) regarding to the interaction among maternal diet, sucrose consumption and sex. Results showed that the liver fat content of females from R mothers was higher than that of their male counterpart. Hepatic 3-NTyr immunostaining and serum MDA concentrations were not affected by the interaction involving maternal diet, sucrose consumption and sex. Otherwise, liver fat content was correlated with the hepatic 3-NTyr immunostaining and serum MDA concentrations only in females. Thus, sucrose intake in adulthood increases fat content in the female but not in the male rat offspring of dams fed with a low-protein diet during pregnancy. This research emphasizes the importance of a balanced diet during pregnancy and the influence of the diet on the adult offspring.

scholarly journals Dietary Fat and Protein Intakes in Relation to Plasma Sphingolipids As Determined by a Large-Scale Lipidomic Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 861-861
Author(s):  
Jowy Seah Yi Hoong ◽  
Wee Siong Chew ◽  
Federico Torta ◽  
Chin Meng Khoo ◽  
Markus R Wenk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fat ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Long Chain

Abstract Objectives Sphingolipid concentrations have been associated with risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Because sphingolipids can be synthesized de novo from saturated fatty acids (SFA), dietary fatty acids may affect plasma sphingolipid concentrations. We aimed to evaluate dietary fat and protein intakes in relation to circulating sphingolipid levels. Methods We used cross-sectional data from 2860 ethnic Chinese Singaporeans collected from 2004–2007. Nutrient intakes were estimated on the basis of a validated 159-item food frequency questionnaire. We quantified 79 molecularly distinct sphingolipids in a large-scale lipidomic evaluation from plasma samples. Results Higher saturated fat intake was associated with higher concentrations of 16:1; O2 sphingolipids including ceramides, monohexosylcermides, dihexosylceramides, sphingomyelins, and sphingosine 1-phosphates. Higher polyunsaturated fat intake was associated with lower plasma long-chain ceramides and long-chain monohexosylcermide concentrations. Protein intake was inversely associated with concentrations of most subclasses of sphingolipids, with the exception of sphingolipids containing a 16:1; O2 sphingoid base. Lower intake of saturated fat and higher intake of polyunsaturated fat and protein may decrease plasma concentrations of several sphingolipid classes. Conclusions These findings may represent a novel biological mechanism for the impact of nutrient intakes on cardio-metabolic health. Funding Sources This work was supported by the National Research Foundation Investigatorship grant (NRF-NRFI2015–05, to MRW), A*STAR (I1901E0040), and the National University Health System (NUHSRO/2014/085/AF-Partner/01, DRH). FT was supported by the NRF and A*STAR IAF-ICP I1901E0040.

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